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- Multiple victimization female: life stories, depression and coping strategies: Vitimização múltipla feminina: histórias de vida, depressão e copingPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Antunes, Carla; Matos, MarleneEstudos da área de Psicologia indicam a existência de uma correlação entre vitimização múltipla e maior complexidade na sintomatologia. Contudo, há mulheres expostas à adversidade cumulativa que não desenvolvem problemas de ajustamento psicológico. Este estudo procurou identificar as estratégias de coping pelas quais as mulheres, com e sem sintomatologia depressiva, lidam com a vitimização múltipla que sofreram ao longo da vida. Para tal, recorreu-se a um roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o qual foi administrado a 30 mulheres com perguntas sobre as suas histórias de vida. Os conteúdos das entrevistas posteriormente foram alvo de uma análise temática, cujos resultados revelam a presença de um coping diversificado, heterogêneo e espontâneo, que se caracteriza por ser essencialmente de tipo ativo (e.g., resolução de problemas, autoconfiança, procura de apoio social). As mulheres com e sem sintomatologia depressiva reportam, sobretudo, estratégias de coping focado no problema face à vitimização. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de, nos processos de apoio, se identificar e potenciar tais mecanismos de coping ativados pelas vítimas de forma a promover o seu ajustamento psicológico.
- Psychological expert evidence and the analysis method of the statements credibility (SVA): a reflective analysis.: A prova pericial psicológica e o método de análise da credibilidade das declarações (SVA): reflexõesPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Trindade, JorgeA prova pericial psicológica baseada no método de análise da credibilidade das declarações (SVA) está assumindo grande relevância no contexto forense, constituindo, não raras vezes, um meio de prova determinante para a decisão judicial. Tal fato acarreta algumas exigências aos decisores judiciais, nomeadamente aquelas de controlar a validade científica e analisar o fundamento racional e objetivo da produção pericial. Acrescente-se que o uso da prova pericial psicológica com recurso à SVA tem motivado acirrado debate científico e legal, onde se ressaltam as divergências e ausência de consenso. Assim, neste artigo, começaremos por tecer breves considerações conceituais que se afiguram nucleares nesta matéria. Na sequência, traremos algumas reflexões que giram em torno do método de análise da credibilidade das declarações (SVA). Mais concretamente, em relação a este método, procuraremos discutir sua aplicabilidade e seus limites no meio forense, identificando- se igualmente os cuidados a ter no seu uso de forma a potencializar a qualidade da prova pericial. Esperamos que este trabalho constitua um contributo válido para aqueles profissionais que estão incumbidos da produção e apreciação da prova pericial, mas também para aqueles que têm a tarefa de controlar e validar essa metodologia (SVA) no ambiente do processo.
- School personnel perception of parental involvement and students’ behavior problems: practical implicationsPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, Vanessa; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.School is a privileged context to prevent specific behavior problems. Parental involvement in school activities is crucial to promote social functioning. This study aimed to access the Portuguese school personnel perception of parental involvement and students’ behavior problems. A study with 333 school personnel, aged between 29 and 66 (M = 50.84, SD = 7.54), was developed. School personnel’s participants rated parental involvement as low and nearly one in five professionals rated student’s general behavior as bad. A significant association between parental involvement and the perception of students’ general behavior was found. 80% of the professionals rating student’s general behavior as bad also rating parental involvement as poor. Additional research into implications of parental involvement in school activities and school students’ behavior problems is necessary aiming assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies in this area.
- School diagnostic: Perceptions of educational professionalsPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.Aim: The school is a privileged context to prevent certain problems that may begin during the development of young students. The main objective is to assess the perceptions of educational professionals about the school structure, functioning, and organization, as well as students’ behaviors. Method: We developed an exploratory study using a questionnaire, applied to a sample of 81 educational agents, teachers and non-teachers, aged between 25 and 62 years (M = 45.8, SD = 10.6). Results: Despite the positive perception of the participants about the physical school environment, it is necessary to create spaces for leisure and sport, logistic conditions and multidisciplinary teams in order to maximize the overall good functioning of schools. Adding to this, participants described the participation of parents in the school life as negative; they also identified several disruptive behaviours among students and referred to a general lack of active participation in life school. Conclusion: It is important to create action plans in schools, which should be multimodal and multi-agent in order to have intervention perspectives with connected actions developed by different educational agents.
- Predicting frequent and feared crime typologies: individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilitiesPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Magalhães, Mariana; Azevedo, Vanessa; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Maia, Rui Leandro; Estrada, Rui; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.The lack of organisation in urban spaces plays a decisive role in the level of integration, communication and social bonds of the residents, impacting the citizens’ feelings of trust and security. Different personal variables and contextual characteristics have been associated with the fear of crime (FOC). The main objective of this study is to analyse how individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilities, predict crime against people and property, crime that has either happened or is feared to happen. Five hundred and fifty-four residents (M = 43.82; SD = 18.38) in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), Portugal, answered 61 items of the Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS) Questionnaire. The results of this study show that in the most frequent crime category, 72% of occurrences represent crime against property. In the feared crime category, there is a preponderance of crime against people (61%). Age of the respondents predicted the most frequent and feared crime, while sex predicted the most feared crime only. Social/environmental variables, as well as incivilities, also predict the frequent and feared crime in two typologies, i.e., crime against people and crime against property. Practical implications to reduce FOC and areas for further investigation are discussed.
- Stay or leave abusive dating relationships: portuguese victims’ reasons and barriersPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Pinheiro, Inês; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe decision to stay or leave an abusive relationship is multifactorial and frequently involves a cyclic process involving several phases. This article presents a qualitative analysis regarding the reasons and barriers to stay or leave an abusive dating relationship, as well as the challenges that it implies. A semi-structured, in-depth interview was used to collect data from thirteen dating victims, aged 17–30 years and mainly female (n = 12). The emotional and affective dependence of the partner and the belief that behaviour may change emerge as the main reasons presented by the victims to remain in an abusive relationship. Shame, fear of losing the partner, and failure to recognize the abusive relationship were reported as the main barriers to leave the abusive relationship, thus making it difficult to seek help. Understanding reasons to stay in, or barriers to leave, an abusive relationship is fundamental to promoting help-seeking behaviours in victims of dating violence (DV), particularly in the case of young people, since it has serious implications in the developmental pathway of this age group.
- Cyber and offline dating abuse in a portuguese sample: prevalence and context of abusePublication . Caridade, Sónia; e Sousa, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal-emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal-emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal-emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal-emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.
- (Con)Vivências Amorosas Abusivas em Adolescentes: Das dinâmicas interacionais ao (des)ajustamento psicossocialPublication . Santos, Rosa Maria; Caridade, SóniaEsta obra constitui um importante contributo na sistematização e compreensão das principais dinâmicas interacionais abusivas ocorridas nas relações amorosas entre adolescentes, algo que se afigura crucial para a delineação de estratégias preventivas e interventivas nesta matéria. Um outro contributo inovador da presente obra deriva do esforço que é realizado ao nível da sistematização do conhecimento produzido até então sobre a forma como tais dinâmicas abusivas poderão impactar e promover o (des)ajustamento psicossocial dos adolescentes e jovens que em algum momento das suas vidas se confrontaram com esta realidade (capítulo 1), ou mesmo através de uma análise empírica mais circunstanciada deste impacto junto de uma amostra de adolescentes portugueses (capítulo 2). Cremos, pois, que esta obra se revela particularmente útil para aqueles que estão investidos da tarefa ou missão em combater a violência nas relações amorosas entre adolescentes e jovens, desencadeando importantes pistas para que se continue a apostar na prevenção precoce do problema, enquanto estratégia mais promissora de um controlo mais efetivo desta epidemia geracional.
- Criminalidade femininaPublication . Caridade, Sónia
- Mental health, well-being and climate change: scope and challengesPublication . Fonte, Carla; Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaClimate change (CC) manifests itself through extreme weather conditions and is gaining more and more attention from the scientific community and civil society, considering the social implications in various domains of daily life. Undeniable social, economic and environmental consequences have been disclosed worldwide, in addition to the significant psychosocial impacts that the resulting weather events pose to mental health and well-being of people. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), vicarious trauma, anxiety, substance abuse, depression, survivor guilt, recovery fatigue, and suicidal ideation, are some of the mental health problems linked with the occurrence of catastrophic weather events. Other threats involve financial and relationship stress and the consequent potentiation of the risks of violence, in particular gender-based violence (GBV) and aggression, disproportionately affecting those who are most marginalized. Paradoxically, and in response to CC, the research shows that these same circumstances may also inspire individuals to more positive and adaptive behaviours, such as altruism, optimism and compassion, promoting a life meaning and individual development, motivated by CC post-traumatic growth. Based on an expert-driven literature review, this chapter intends to assess and discuss the relevant literature describing how CC impacts on the mental health and well-being of individuals and societies, as well as the hazards associated with increasing problems of violence and aggression. Likewise, it also aims to analyse and discuss specific responses to the CC that can contribute to positive changes in learning, growth and behaviour throughout life. The promotion of pro-environmental behaviour through education is considered as an important strategy in this context.