Repositório Institucional da Fernando Pessoa
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Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and its manifestations in the oral cavity
Publication . Cardoso, Jennifer; de Faria Carvalho, Célio Domingos; Carvalho Silva, Cátia; Moura Teles, Ana; C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Lopes Cardoso, Inês
The Ectodermal Dysplasias generally present orofacial manifestations, such as skeletal discrepancies and dental alterations. Therefore, the role of a paediatric dentist in the detection and recognition of these repercussions can be crucial in early diagnosis of the disease. The oral rehabilitation of paediatric patients with this condition is extremely important, ideally, at a very early stage, yet contributing for the re-establishment of normal chewing, swallowing and phonetics functions, and, naturally, aesthetics increase. The purpose of this narrative review aims to elucidate dentists about their role in the detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the Ectodermal Dysplasia’ oral manifestations in paediatric patients, through the presentation of general physical and specific craniofacial characteristics.
Genetic involvement in dental treatment fear
Publication . Khodabakhshi, Donja; Pina, Cristina; Moura Teles, Ana; Lopes Cardoso, Inês
Being a global health concern, dental fear and anxiety is estimated to affect at least one in ten individuals all around the globe. Ensuing the vicious circle of dental fear comes detrimental outcomes in quality of life. Despite the wide range of knowledge concerning the environmental factors that contribute to the acquisition of dental fear and anxiety, the prevalence has not decreased, giving researchers the possibility to highlight other concomitant etiological factors. The possible hereditary or genetic component is most recently being explored, although facing tremendous dynamical elements to substantially delineate its role. The purpose of this review was to explore, reflect and call attention to the current knowledge of the genetic involvement of dental treatment fear and anxiety. Although findings mostly stress the relation between dental fear to other phenotypes giving rise to individual vulnerability, there are studies disclosing suggestive heritability rates for dental fear and anxiety.
Porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum in oral oncogenesis and tumour progression
Publication . Seroto, Cristiana; Dias Sequeira, Maria Teresa; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Correia de Castro, Filipe; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Silveira, Augusta
Oncological pathology of the oral cavity is a subject of study due to its significant impact on the quality of life of patients, caregivers and on public health. According to the National Institute of Statistics, oncological disease is the second leading cause of death in Portugal, with oral and pharyngeal cancer having an incidence rate of 16.7% and a 50% mortality rate. Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent infectious conditions in the world, affecting 25-40% of the adult population. This pathology is often associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, being a consequence of the complex interactions between these microorganisms and their products, triggering a host inflammatory response that leads to tissue destruction, increasingly associated with oral oncogenesis and tumor progression.
This work goal is to study the involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral oncogenesis and tumor progression to understand how these bacteria influence the pathophysiology of oral cavity cancer. The conducted systematic review used Cochrane guidelines through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram and based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria. Literature search covered four databases – B On, Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library - and grey literature (master's theses, conference proceedings, world organizations). Publications between 2013 and 2023 were selected for full reading.
Several mechanisms explain the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral oncogenesis and tumor progression. These bacteria can promote cell proliferation by modulating various signaling pathways, and facilitate cellular invasion, allowing the dissemination of cancer cells. Another important mechanism is the induction of chronic inflammation. Prolonged inflammatory response creates a favorable environment for tumor progression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) play key roles in the inflammatory process, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Immune evasion is the mechanism by which cancer cells avoid detection and destruction by the immune system. These bacterial strains modulate host immune response, favoring survival and dissemination of cancer cells. This systematic review highlights the complex interaction between chronic inflammation induced by periodontal bacteria and oral oncogenesis. The results underline the need for future investigations to deepen the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Early identification and targeted treatment of chronic inflammation, as well as modulation of the oral microbiome, may be promising strategies to improve clinical outcomes for oral cancer patients, highlighting the importance of preventive measures in oral oncology.
Genetic bases in the reabsorption of the mandibular residual crest
Publication . Moura Teles, Ana; Colombo, Juan; Lopes Cardoso, Inês
The increase in life span of the human being leads to the appearance of new challenges for the health sciences. As a result of getting old, chronic and degenerative diseases started to occupy a predominant role in clinical research in the last decades. It is the case of degenerative processes that occur in the oral cavity after teeth loss.Mandibular residual ridge resorption is a widely studied process from the middle of last century and muchresearch relate this process with multiple factors. Recently, the understanding of the biological processes that occur after tooth extraction has been amplified.In this work, genetic factors involved in mandibular residual ridge resorption are discussed and the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of some genes and mandibular residual ridge resorptionare stablished.
Relevant factors for dental care in planning the response against covid-19: a narrative review
Publication . Aires, Thadeu Laranja; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Pina, Cristina; Moura Teles, Ana
The main objective of this work was to analyze, through a review of current references, how different factors correlate to shape the response measures implemented by health authorities to the ongoing pandemic event, in the context of dental care.The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 14million lives directly or indirectly, being a special challenge for society and health care systems. The role of dentists during a pandemic crisis is to provide essential dental care while preventing transmission of the virus. However, this virus has some traits that may increase the risk of cross infection in dental offices, due to aerosols produced during several dental treatments. To address this problem, health authorities have prepared specific protocols to prevent cross-contamination by this virus in dental offices, allowing patients to continue receiving dental care during the pandemic period.