FCHS (DCPC) - Artigos em Revistas Científicas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica
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- The economic/business importance of franchising in Portugal – (re)analysis of the franchising contractPublication . Rodrigues, Carlos; Campina, AnaIf we analyse the ‘2018/2019 Franchising Census’ carried out by the APF – Portuguese Franchising Association, we see that in Portugal, and for the year 2018, Franchising generated a turnover of more than 8 billion euros, which corresponded to 3.96% of the national GDP. This turnover is the result of the ‘Franchising Contracts’ signed by the 528 active brands, distributed among Services, with 57.7% of the preference, followed by Commerce, with 29% and Restaurants, with 13.3%. When we look at the levels of initial investment by franchisees, we see that this initial investment was up to €25,000.00 for 43.6% of Franchisees, €25,000.00 to €50,000.00 for 26.5%, €50,000.00 to €100,000.00 for 17.7%, €100,000.00 to €250,000.00 for 9.9% and, finally, with an investment of more than €250,000.00 for the remaining 2.2%. In other words, more than 70% of the initial investment by franchisees did not exceed €50,000.00. The relevance of these figures for the Portuguese economy is the basis for presenting a legal (re)analysis of the ‘Franchising Contract’ in the Portuguese legal system, using a logical-deductive methodology of the legal regime of this type of contract.
- Anti-tax evasion rules and the autonomous taxation of companies in PortugalPublication . Rodrigues, Carlos; Campina, AnaStates, in their tax systems, create anti-tax evasion rules to try to eliminate the possibility of taxpayers engaging in behavior that harms the state in collecting the taxes that each citizen or company owes. Anti-tax evasion rules also aim to ensure that everyone contributes to public spending according to their real ability to pay, thus respecting the principle of equal contribution based on real and effective economic and financial capacity. Aware that there are companies that carry out harmful acts and thus reduce their economic and financial capacity to try to reduce their tax burden in terms of corporate income tax, the Portuguese legislator introduced autonomous taxation in corporate income tax, in the corporate income tax code, to try to eliminate belligerent behavior on the part of companies. Using the statistical data from the Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira, and based on statistics from the tax and customs authority, the study demonstrates the financial burden on companies that bear this type of taxation and compare it with the "Corporate Income Tax" charged annually by the State.
- Transnational organized crime: the required interconnection of states in their international environmentPublication . Campina, Ana; Rodrigues, CarlosTransnational Organized Crime is one of the most nowadays global serious problems affecting Humanity, States, Governments in the most different areas. Nowadays, in a global context, there are multiple international criminal organizations, individual criminals, as well as States and Governments involved, supporting, and promoting conditions to implement the Transnational Organized Crime. So, this complex problem involves all kind of criminals as victims. The International Organizations, as United Nations and the Council of Europe, as most of the juridical and judicial systems of the States, recognize, prevent, and fight against this criminality, but as one of the worst threats globally, the difficulties are more relevant due the higher capacities of the criminals enrolled in the Transnational Organized Crime. So, through the results of this research, we can affirm the real combat and the effective protection of millions of human beings, the (re)education of the Public Opinion, the (re)action of the States, the crucial interconnection within States and Governments, as the need of denouncing (individuals, groups, states, governments) those who are under this criminality that surpass the borders, is done with multiple violence, blaming all and allow the justice happen. The Transnational International Crime is one of the most serious threats, everywhere and each moment, so it´s fundamental to avoid the “normalization” and the relieve the (re)action meaning the out-of-control evolution, escalation and its dissemination. It is ethical that everyone must assume their responsibility. The law (state and international) as the Justice have to be a reality around the world.
- A influência brasileira no novo constitucionalismo latino-americanoPublication . Campina, Ana; Costa, Achylles de Brito; Brito, Clara Kelliany Rodrigues deO trabalho em tela visa demonstrar uma nova forma de movimento constitucionalista que vem ganhando novos contornos na américa latina, denominado pela doutrina de novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Esse movimento ganhou corpo devido ao processo político-jurídico que ocorreu nas últimas décadas, visando a garantia dos direitos das minorias, cujo marco teórico parte também da Constituição Brasileira de 1988 e seu viés neo-constitucionalista, muito criticado, na época de sua promulgação, por ser detalhista ou “garantista” demais. Mas que agora, através de seu positivismo certificador de direitos e garantias fundamentais influencia o novo movimento constitucional, com mudanças e garantias ainda mais profundas nas constituições dos países latinos que buscam positivar em suas constituições políticas afirmativas, inclusivas e garantistas, bem como a evolução constitucional e normativa a partir de determinados critérios, valores, interesses e objetivos próprios.
- Parental stress and risk of child abuse: the role of socioeconomic statusPublication . Martins, P. C.; Matos, Catarina Dias; Sani, Ana IsabelSpecialized literature points consistently to the relevance of parental stress in parenting practices and in the risk of child abuse. At the same time, it is known that socioeconomic status constitutes a risk factor to parental stress. This research aimed to compare differences in parental stress and risk of child abuse between different socioeconomic families, as well as determine whether parental stress constitutes a predictor of child abuse risk in both groups. The sample comprised 109 parents – 62 residents of low socioeconomic status in the Porto district and 47 residents of middle/high socioeconomic status in Funchal district – which completed the AAPI-2 and PSI. The results revealed that low-SES parents have higher levels of parental stress and are more likely to commit child abuse. It was also found that parental stress predicts the risk of child abuse both for low and middle/high SES parents, even if this relationship is stronger for low-income families. Thus, reducing parental stress may constitute an effective way to prevent child abuse by parents.
- A política pública de atendimento às vítimas da violência doméstica/intrafamiliar: as representações sociais dos profissionais da rede públicaPublication . Lana, Andreia; Damiano, Karla; Sani, Ana IsabelO objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender os atendimentos prestados às mulheres e aos seus filhos, vítimas da violência doméstica e/ou intrafamiliar, por meio das representações sociais dos profissionais da rede pública de atendimento no município de Viçosa/MG. As violências cometidas contra a mulher no ambiente familiar são práticas resultantes de uma cultura machista e discriminatória, estabelecida ao longo dos anos. Tal fenômeno social e familiar atinge todos os envolvidos neste contexto, principalmente mulheres e seus filhos. Assim, adolescentes e crianças também se tornam vítimas pela exposição às agressões cometidas entre seus pais. Para tanto, foram realizadas 17 entrevistas com profissionais que atuavam em três instituições de atendimento. Foi realizada a análise do conteúdo lexical com o auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ. Como resultado, os termos mulher, criança, vítimas e violências apareceram próximos, porém, distantes dos termos ligados às ações prestadas pelas instituições de atendimento, como política, atendimentos, enfrentamento, lei e recursos. Permite-se concluir que a política pública de enfrentamento a violência doméstica/familiar precisa ser reestruturada, por meio de um sistema integrado entre as instituições de apoio (saúde, justiça, assistência social e educação), para que ações implementadas atinjam todos envolvidos e não sejam descontinuadas antes de atingir seus objetivos. Os resultados apresentados constituem um avanço para os estudos relacionados à violência no ambiente familiar e fornecem base para o fortalecimento da Rede de Enfrentamento à Violência contra as Mulheres, com apoio tanto para as mulheres/mães como para crianças e adolescentes/filhos, que também são vítimas dessa violência.
- Miúdos Co(n)vida”: developing research with children in times of pandemic COVID-19Publication . Fernandes, Natália; Sani, Ana; Barra, MarleneThe Covid-19 pandemic is a powerful example of how our rights and, in particular, children’s rights are reconfigured. In order to ensure that, in a pandemic context, children’s voices were not kept invisible, we developed some research strategies, which assumed an innovative character, given the contingencies resulting from the lockdown situation. This text aimed to reflect on the ethical and methodological challenges in research with children, taking into account the pandemic and confinement, rethinking strategies and the process of building knowledge with them and about their lives.
- “Miúdos Co(n)vida”: desenvolver pesquisa com crianças em tempos de pandemia COVID-19Publication . Fernandes, Natália; Sani, Ana; Barra, MarleneA pandemia da Covid-19 é um exemplo poderoso do modo como os nossos direitos são reconfigurados e, em especial, os direitos das crianças. Mobilizadas pela exigência de assegurar que, no contexto de crise pandémica, as vozes das crianças não ficassem invisíveis, foram desenvolvidas algumas estratégias de investigação que assumiram um caráter inovador, dadas as contingências decorrentes da situação de confinamento. Este texto visou à reflexão sobre os desafios éticos e metodológicos na pesquisa com crianças, atendendo ao quadro de pandemia e confinamento, repensando estratégias e o processo de construção de conhecimento com estas e acerca das suas vidas.
- The social importance of the migrants in the states developmentPublication . Rodrigues, Carlos; Campina, AnaThe International Migration in the global and complex nowadays context need and must be continuously studied and understanding due the relevance of the mobility of millions of human beings around the world, as well as there is a basic need to promote different perspectives of this reality based on real data. Depending on the context of the Migrant State, life conditions or need to survive, in fact there are multiple reasons for the Migration and consequently the conditions provided to live and work. Due the Pandemic, since 2020 there were several changes of the International Migration due the restrictions to accept and integrate them, as the multiple motivation to migrate, however it was uninterrupted movement. In 2021 was globally registered 29 million of Migrants, but the real number it is higher due the illegal ones. From the international data and the facts, the Migrants social contribution to the States it ́s undoubtable: employment rates and inherent GDP growth; (2020: 73% -international migrants worldwide were between 20 -64 years old, compared to 57% for the total population”); demographic performance; the economic and financial evolution (decreasing or contributing to prevent poverty). Although most of the States have public policies to receive, protect and integrate Migrants, there is a serious need to develop a strategic education for their effective social importance, promoting a continuous evolution of the Political and Social behavior with these human beings and, in a special need and context, to promote a renew ethical and human International Public Opinion.
- Perceções de mulheres em situação de reclusão face às visitas: contributos para práticas e políticasPublication . Jólluskin, Gloria; Minosso, Alice; Andrade, Joana Raquel Mendes; Rodrigues, Andreia de CastroO presente estudo procura caraterizar a perceção das mulheres em reclusão sobre o papel que as visitas desempenham durante o cumprimento da pena. Foram entrevistadas 15 mulheres numa prisão feminina do Brasil, organizando-se as suas respostas em áreas temáticas. Os resultados mostram que para as mulheres, as visitas são fundamentais para expressar afetos e para proporcionar a oportunidade de tomar conhecimento de notícias sobre os seus familiares e amigos, manifestando as dificuldades que supõe o afastamento da família. Analisamos os obstáculos percebidos à realização de visitas durante o tempo de reclusão e os efeitos que a suspensão das visitas têm nas mulheres em reclusão e nos seus familiares. Concluímos o estudo com uma reflexão sobre os contributos dos nossos resultados para as políticas e práticas prisionais, ressaltando a necessidade do sistema prisional brasileiro valorizar devidamente a importância das visitas para a manutenção dos laços familiares durante o cumprimento da pena.