FCHS (DCPC) - Artigos em Revistas Científicas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica
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- Abandono do tratamento em Psicoterapia: fatores sociodemográficos, institucionais e clínicosPublication . Alves, Sónia; Fonte, Carla; Martins, LibâniaApresenta-se um estudo cujo objetivo é analisar as diferenças em termos das variáveis sociodemográficas, institucionais e clínicas entre os clientes que abandonaram precocemente o processo psicoterapêutico e os que se encontram noutra situação (alta, acompanhamento e encaminhamento). Para tal recorreu-se a uma amostra de conveniência de 68 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 86 anos (M=40.3; DP=15.16), atendidos na consulta de adultos de uma clínica pedagógica de Psicologia. Os resultados evidenciam que os participantes que abandonaram precocemente o processo psicoterapêutico são significativamente mais jovens; estão todos eles em situação de dívida em termos de pagamento para com a clínica; não apresentam tantos problemas de saúde; têm em média menos tempo de intervenção e têm em média menos sessões do que aqueles que se encontra noutra situação. Estes dados, ao permitirem traçar o “perfil” daqueles que abandonam precocemente a psicoterapia, possibilitam que o profissional possa ter em consideração variáveis sociodemográficas (e.g., idade), institucionais (e.g., tipo de pagamento) e clínicas (e.g., outros problemas de saúde, tempo de intervenção e número de sessões) que podem carecer de atenção clínica adicional.
- Adolescents' positive and negative affect and relations with alcohol use: a weekly studyPublication . Freire, Teresa; Gomes, João; Fonte, CarlaDrawing from a positive perspective on psychology, this study sheds light into the phenomena of alcohol abuse among adolescents. It aimed at understanding the patterns of positive and negative affect over a normal and full week of a group of adolescents that report using alcohol (users) and not using alcohol (non-users). 142 students attending secondary school (10th, 11th and 12th grades), 54.2 % females, age mean of 16,76 years old, participated in the study. Data was drawn making use of the Experience Sampling Method and a questionnaire for the evaluation of patterns of alcohol use. We aimed at studying the patterns of positive and negative affect of adolescents during a complete week of their lives. Results showed significant differences in positive and negative affect between weekdays versus weekend pointing to a weekend effect. Non-users show lower levels of negative affect over the weekend and higher levels of positive affect as compared to their user peers. No significant results were found between groups or days when considering the week as a whole. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of bringing about positive development trajectories and contribute to the development of healthier life-styles and preventive behaviours.
- Adverse childhood experiences and delinquent behaviour: predictors and mediating variablesPublication . Martins, Joana; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Caridade, Sónia; Sousa, Hélder; De Moura, AndreiaAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a risk factor for the development of mental health and behavioural outcomes throughout life, including delinquent behaviours. This article focuses on the relationship between ACEs and delinquent behaviour (DB), seeking to identify predictors and mediating variables. Methods: The quantitative study comprised 175 Portuguese adolescents, aged 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.99, SD = 2.26). Results: ACEs and exposure to traumatic events (ETE) are predictive of DB. Antisocial traits (AT) was found to be mediating the relationship between ACEs and DB, as well as the relation between ETE and DB. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is necessary that professionals in health behaviour field prevent and intervene in ACEs and in ETE, both predictors of DB. The results of this study allow to understand the role of ACEs in DB and its mediating variables, which must be considered to mitigate the harmful impact of ACEs in DB.
- Alfabetización en salud en contexto penitenciario: programa de educación por paresPublication . Jólluskin, Gloria; Silva, Isabel; De Castro Rodrigues, AndreiaEl presente trabajo describe la planificación de un programa de educación para la salud en contexto penitenciario, utilizó una metodología comunitaria y de educación por pares. El programa tenía como objetivo aumentar el bien estar físico y emocional de los internos y dotarlos de estrategias para poder enfrentar los retos de la reclusión. Identificamos las necesidades de intervención a través de entrevistas a informadores clave y a los internos. Posteriormente, diseñamos e implementamos la intervención, desarrollando ocho sesiones que evaluamos con un cuestionario. Fueron elaborados carteles divulgativos de mensajes de salud para transferir conocimientos a los restantes internos.
- Anti-tax evasion rules and the autonomous taxation of companies in PortugalPublication . Rodrigues, Carlos; Campina, AnaStates, in their tax systems, create anti-tax evasion rules to try to eliminate the possibility of taxpayers engaging in behavior that harms the state in collecting the taxes that each citizen or company owes. Anti-tax evasion rules also aim to ensure that everyone contributes to public spending according to their real ability to pay, thus respecting the principle of equal contribution based on real and effective economic and financial capacity. Aware that there are companies that carry out harmful acts and thus reduce their economic and financial capacity to try to reduce their tax burden in terms of corporate income tax, the Portuguese legislator introduced autonomous taxation in corporate income tax, in the corporate income tax code, to try to eliminate belligerent behavior on the part of companies. Using the statistical data from the Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira, and based on statistics from the tax and customs authority, the study demonstrates the financial burden on companies that bear this type of taxation and compare it with the "Corporate Income Tax" charged annually by the State.
- Avaliação de um programa de promoção da inteligência emocional em profissionais de saúde do contexto hospitalarPublication . Prior, Ana Inês Santos; Ferreira, Marlene; Pereira, Ana Filipa; Fonte, CarlaA inteligência emocional tem-se tornado um fator protetor dos riscos associados ao desgaste profissional nos contextos de saúde. Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados de um programa de intervenção em grupo que procurou promover competências de inteligência emocional em assistentes operacionais de um hospital do norte de Portugal. Participaram 6 assistentes, com idades compreendidas entre 21 a 47 anos. Para a avaliação da eficácia deste, foi administrado um protocolo de instrumentos (WLEIS-P, MHC-SF, EADS-21; ROCI II – A, B, C) pré e pós implementação das sessões e foram realizadas análises qualitativas sobre a perceção dos participantes e sobre o impacto do programa. Resultaram alterações positivas nas competências da avaliação e perceção e regulação das próprias emoções, o aumento dos níveis de bem-estar social e um melhoramento nos estilos de gestão de conflitos, permitindo desenvolver competências úteis à prática profissional diária dos assistentes. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que programa possibilitou a aquisição de estratégias eficazes à perceção, autoconsciência, clarificação e autorregulação emocional, promovendo um ajustamento ao exercício da sua função, tornando-o mais equilibrado enquanto pessoa e profissional, com impacto positivo na sua saúde.
- Beliefs on marital violence among portuguese adolescents: monitoring their evolution and relationship with dating violencePublication . Neves, Sofia; Cameira, Miguel; Caridade, SóniaIn the last two decades, the problem of violence in the family sphere in particular and in intimate relationships in general has been on the agenda for Portuguese governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Several initiatives and campaigns have been launched, which are aimed at reducing occurrence of this violence, particularly among teenagers. This present study aims to assess the evolution in adolescents’ attitudes and behaviors concerning intimate partner violence. We collected data from a sample of adolescents (n = 913) to compare with corresponding data collected 7 years ago by Neves and Nogueira (2010) in a sample that had identical sociodemographic characteristics (n = 899). Both cohorts resided in the same areas in the northeastern region of Portugal. The instruments used were the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC; Neves & Nogueira, 2010). The results indicate that although respondents tend to reject traditional beliefs on marital violence more now than in the past, especially male and older respondents, the percentage of dating violence reports has not decreased. Among girls, there was even an increase in perpetration of emotional and mild physical violence. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy between the evolution of attitudes and behaviors and make suggestions for improvement in the actions implemented among teenagers to increase their effectiveness.
- Brasil ainda não é lusófonoPublication . Ciancio, Patrisia
- Campus Criminal Victimization among Higher Education Students: A Diagnosis of Local Security in PortoPublication . Sani, Ana; Nunes, Laura M.; Azevedo, Vanessa; Sousa, Hélder FernandoThis study addressed and characterized direct and indirect criminal victimization among college students and examined the associations between victimization and other variables. The participants were 775 students of both genders with a mean age of 21.76 years. Data were collected through self-reports using the “Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire”. Overall, 8.6% of the students reported direct victimization, and 39.7% reported indirect victimization. The most reported crimes were robbery and theft, while the least prevalent were sexual offense, domestic violence, and fraud. Most incidents involved a stranger and occurred at night in the street. Direct victimization was associated with gender, age, marital status, student level, attendance status, and institution domain. There were significant associations between indirect victimization and nationality, student type, attendance status, and institution domain. The perception of (in)security was significantly associated with victimization. Therefore, physical and social measures are necessary to reduce crime and increase security.
- Can psychosocial work factors influence psychologists’ positive mental health?Publication . Barros, Carla; Fonte, Carla; Alves, Sónia; Baylina, PilarBackground Working in healthcare can entail intense emotional demands that increases susceptibility to occupational risk factors. Psychosocial risk assessment can contribute to promoting awareness of the effects of work on positive mental health. Aims To explore and analyse the influence of psychosocial work factors on positive mental health among psychologists. Methods A cross-sectional study of 339 psychologists was conducted. Two instruments were used for data collection: the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF) to assess well-being and the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) to assess psychosocial work factors. Results This study identified psychosocial work factors that affect psychologists’ positive mental health, namely, emotional well-being was affected by ‘Need help from colleagues’ (β = −1.091), ‘Have no one I can trust’ (β = −1.253) and ‘Complex work’ (β = 0.751); psychological well-being was affected by ‘Intense work pace’ (β = 1.151), ‘Not able to participate in decisions’ (β = −3.695) and ‘Complex work’ (β = 1.520); and social well-being was affected by ‘Always changing roles and tasks’ (β = −1.810) and ‘Not able to participate in decisions’ (β = −2.470). Conclusions Psychosocial work factors such as work organization, work relationships and emotional demands influence psychologists’ positive mental health. Social support at the workplace and having challenging and autonomous work can promote mental health. It is important to develop better organizational practices to promote mental health and well-being among these professionals.