Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-09"
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- Transnational organized crime: the required interconnection of states in their international environmentPublication . Campina, Ana; Rodrigues, CarlosTransnational Organized Crime is one of the most nowadays global serious problems affecting Humanity, States, Governments in the most different areas. Nowadays, in a global context, there are multiple international criminal organizations, individual criminals, as well as States and Governments involved, supporting, and promoting conditions to implement the Transnational Organized Crime. So, this complex problem involves all kind of criminals as victims. The International Organizations, as United Nations and the Council of Europe, as most of the juridical and judicial systems of the States, recognize, prevent, and fight against this criminality, but as one of the worst threats globally, the difficulties are more relevant due the higher capacities of the criminals enrolled in the Transnational Organized Crime. So, through the results of this research, we can affirm the real combat and the effective protection of millions of human beings, the (re)education of the Public Opinion, the (re)action of the States, the crucial interconnection within States and Governments, as the need of denouncing (individuals, groups, states, governments) those who are under this criminality that surpass the borders, is done with multiple violence, blaming all and allow the justice happen. The Transnational International Crime is one of the most serious threats, everywhere and each moment, so it´s fundamental to avoid the “normalization” and the relieve the (re)action meaning the out-of-control evolution, escalation and its dissemination. It is ethical that everyone must assume their responsibility. The law (state and international) as the Justice have to be a reality around the world.
- Effects of individual and contextual dimensions on an aggregate measure of cybervictimizationPublication . Martins, José Pedro; Guedes, Inês Sousa; Sani, Ana Isabel; Moreira, SamuelCybervictimization is a significant challenge and increasing concern. This study explored the predictors of an aggregate measure of six different types of cybervictimization, incorporating property (online consumer fraud, online identity theft), interpersonal (cyberbullying and cyberstalking), as well as phishing and malware infection crimes. An online survey was self-administered to 726 individuals, measuring sociodemographic variables and routine activity variables, stemming from Routine Activities Theory (RAT). Of the 726 individuals, 440 were already victims of at least one cybercrime. Communicating or giving personal information to unknown individuals doubled the likelihood of being victimized online. Education increased the likelihood of victimization, while higher income was associated with a lower likelihood of online victimization. These results are discussed in relation to the RAT framework and existing empirical studies that have applied it to explain online victimization.
- Well-being at work and sustainability in public services: Brazilian University casePublication . Borges, Rives Rocha; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Barros, NelsonWhen reflecting about the subjectivity implicit in the tasks’ execution and in the affective relationships developed in the work environment, the psychosocial factors influencing work are frequently ignored. Excessive demand, hierarchical requirements, and discontent are issues that, if poorly managed, can contribute to the worker’s mental illness and have a significant impact on the quality of the work performed. In the specific case of a public university, where workers interact directly with people, illness goes beyond the limits of the work environment. It disqualifies the service provided to the university’s community and the society that needs it. In line with this, actions to attain a better quality of life and well-being at work will be discussed, as well as demands to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 in particular, i.e., good health and well-being. In discussion’s scope are the challenges faced by the Quality of Work Life Centre (QWLC) at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) in implementing a quality of work life (QWL) policy. QWLC has the mission of taking care of issues involving relationships at work, including remote work, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In University’s documents, exploratory research was conducted to collect data related to the QWL policy. A descriptive qualitative analysis was then performed, analysing scientific publications available in selected databases. The results demonstrate UFBA’s effort to improve the social-affective conditions in the institution’s workplaces and its effective interest in contributing to SDG 3.
- SDGs in the European RegionPublication . Walter, Leal Filho; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Moggi, Sara; Price, Elizabeth; Hope, AlexThis volume describes the thinking on sustainable development and a variety of initiatives across Europe, illustrating regional efforts to foster sustainable communities and ecological and social innovation. It contains various contributions which showcase examples of thinking, economic and social structures and in consumption and production patterns needed, to implement the SDGs.
- Volume prefacePublication . Leal Filho, Walter; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Moggi, Sara; Price, Elizabeth; Hope, AlexThe UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have had a noticeable impact on the European Region. According to a recent Eurostat report, the region has made significant progress toward most of the 17 Goals. For example, the region has improved and maintained a high level of access to sanitation services, strengthened infrastructure for rural regions, and reduced its gender gap in educational attainment. To sustain these efforts, the region has invested in initiatives to reduce energy consumption, increase renewable energy sources, and increase investment in climate protection measures. This volume documents and promotes some experiences from authors from across the European region, on the implementation of the UN SDGs. The body of experience from the authors illustrates the fact that countries in the European region have been allocating increased resources to well-being and health services while improving access to quality education. But the implementation of the UN SDGs in Europe is not without challenges. Some of them, as identified in this volume, are: (a) The need to define effective implementation strategies: Implementing the UN SDGs in Europe requires careful planning and coordination of resources across countries. Governments need to establish clear policies and strategies that consider different economic and legal systems, and cultural backgrounds. (b) The need to measure progress: Measuring and assessing progress toward achieving the SDGs in Europe can be challenging, as data can be scarce or unreliable. (c) The need to bridge institutional vacuums: Many European countries lack strong and effective institutions that can effectively implement and oversee the achievement of the SDGs. Governments need to strengthen their policy-making, coordination, and monitoring mechanisms in order to ensure a successful implementation of the SDGs. As this book has shown, the UN SDGs in Europe face significant social and political challenges, which need to be addressed. We thank the many authors who have contributed to this volume and who have shared their expertise and their experience with their contributions. We hope that the knowledge gathered on this volume may assist efforts to implement the SDGs in the European region.
- Detection of the degree of contamination of Gutta-Percha points by strains of staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA)Publication . Tramontana, Antea; Pina, Cristina; Cardoso, Inês LopesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacteria considered one of the most harmful to human health. Dentistry is, as in all Health fields, extremely careful in avoiding situations that can lead to infection. Several tested materials suitable for filling the root canal system are available, still being gutta-percha the gold standard. Objective: Analysis in vitro of the contamination of gutta-percha points, regarding the bacteria Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin-Sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus, by classical microbiology methods and molecular biology techniques. Method: 315 gutta-percha points of two different brands from opened packed, already in use for 1 month were analysed, in Brain Heart Infusion medium to check the presence of microbial growth. Positive results were plated on a chromogenic selective medium for MRSA/MSSA strains, and the strains were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In case of microbial growth, the gutta-percha point was submitted to a disinfection protocol. Results: From the 315 collected gutta-percha points, only 6 (1.9%) resulted microbial growth positive. After confirmation by PCR, only 1 sample of the 6 cones was a MRSA contamination, and the remaining 5 cones were MSSA. The disinfection protocol was effective in all of the contaminated GP points. Conclusions: Gutta-percha points from opened presterilized packed did show very little amount of contamination by MRSA/MSSA. However, the accurate handling of this filling material must be kept in mind soon since the pre-graduation period, as this methodology should be the gold standard for all professional activity.
- Avaliação da performance clínica das restaurações indiretas de CAD-CAM em cerâmica e compósito: revisão integrativaPublication . Miraglia, Simone; Teixeira, LilianaO objetivo desta revisão integrativa é responder à seguinte questão: As restaurações indiretas elaboradas com CAD-CAM em cerâmica/cerâmica com matriz de resina composta/resina composta/polímeros híbridos apresentam o mesmo desempenho clínico? Para tal efetuou-se uma pesquisa em bases eletrónicas como Pubmed, ScienceDirect, B-On, Scopus, Cochrane, tendo como critérios de inclusão: Ensaios clínicos, estudos in vivo, estudos de caso-controlo em humanos, com follow-up de pelo menos 1 ano; Restaurações indiretas elaboradas por CAD-CAM em blocos de Cerâmica/cerâmica com matriz de resina composta/resina composta/polímeros híbridos; Tem de ser utilizados um dos seguintes critérios de avaliação clínica: FDI, USPHS ou USPHS modificado. Artigos integrais publicados em inglês, português, francês e italiano a partir de 2000. Foram selecionados 13 artigos, sendo a maioria estudos comparativos do desempenho clínico das cerâmicas híbridas e das cerâmicas vítreas, e da sua longevidade e comportamento clínico ao longo do tempo. Não existem diferenças significativas entre o desempenho clínico das restaurações em cerâmica híbrida e as cerâmicas vítreas, e ambas apresentam taxas de sucesso e longevidade semelhantes. Serão necessários mais estudos clínicos a longo prazo para comprovar efetivamente a possibilidade da sua utilização clínica, de forma a maximizar as qualidades de cada tipo de material restaurador.
- Instruments used to characterize skin type and skin aging: a scoping reviewPublication . Ferreira, Isabel Maria da Cruz; Oliveira, Rita; Almeida, Isabel Martins deAging is a gradual and varying deterioration that affects all organs, including the skin. Skin aging can be intrinsic or chronological, appearing with age and influenced by genetic factors, or extrinsic or actinic, which arises due to external factors such as tobacco, pollution, lifestyle habits, and predominantly solar radiation (photoaging). Biochemical changes lead to clinical manifestations at the cutaneous level, such as wrinkles, increased thickness, and pigmentation. Skin type and skin aging assessment are crucial in clinical decision-making and research in Dermatology and Cosmetology. Skin type classification and evaluation of skin aging are essential to tailoring individualized care, enhancing treatment efficacy, and facilitating the development of groundbreaking skincare products and therapies. Instruments such as non-invasive bioengineering tools, visual and tactile methods, classification scales, and psychometric instruments are commonly used for skin type and aging assessment. Understanding the importance of these assessments and the tools used is essential for healthcare professionals, researchers, and cosmetic formulators to provide evidence-based care and advance the field of skin care interventions. A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases to identify relevant articles that gather scientific evidence of instruments that characterize skin type and aging. A total of 1336 studies were identified in the search, with 27 articles included in the final review. Various assessment scales were used in dermatology research, with the Fitzpatrick Scale being the most frequently utilized (9 studies). The Fitzpatrick Scale is widely used, followed by Griffiths, Glogau, and questionnaires. No significant trends in scale usage over time were observed. Despite its popularity, the Fitzpatrick Scale has limitations in assessing skin cancer risk, particularly for people of color. Most studies are observational or quasi-experimental, each with distinct strengths and limitations. Transparent reporting is crucial. Most of the studies were quasi-experimental (12) or observational (10) and randomized controlled trials (5). Some studies do not specify the scale used, indicating the need to improve the transparency of reporting results in future research. Improvements are needed for broader-scale adoption and more inclusive scales.
- Determinação da indicação para extração de terceiros molares em pacientes das clínicas pedagógicas da FCS-UFPPublication . Fernandes, Diogo Silva António Pereira; Bulhosa, José FriasIntrodução: A cirurgia de extração de terceiros molares é um dos atos cirúrgicos mais comuns nos dias de hoje. Médicos dentistas clínicos gerais, recomendaram a extração de terceiros molares em 59% dos seus pacientes, principalmente por prevenção, ou seja, sem existência de queixa por parte do paciente, a maior parte destes dentes extraídos são assintomáticos e sem lesões aparentes. Objetivos: O objetivo é determinar a indicação da extração de terceiros molares, através da análise de dados radiográficos dos pacientes utilizadores das CPMD- UFP. A recolha de dados respeitantes aos mesmos, tem o intuito de suportar a tomada de decisão terapêutica conducente à exodontia não apenas como medida profilática. Materiais e Métodos Foi utilizada uma amostra, com técnica dirigida que identificou 100 utentes, para análise de diversas radiografias panorâmicas e registos clínicos associados. Analisando-se se existia indicação clínica para a extração dos terceiros molares e qual o motivo. Foram recolhidos dados como: idade, género, número de terceiros molares presentes, grau de inclusão e indicação para a respetiva extração dentária. Resultados: No total dos 100 indivíduos da amostra verificou-se que 35% deles não tinham qualquer terceiro molar presente, enquanto 27% tinham os quatro dentes. Resultando num total de 65 pacientes com pelo menos um terceiro molar presente em boca e um total global de 176 terceiros molares. Verifica-se que o dente 18 é o terceiro molar mais comum e o 38 é o dente com maior prevalência de lesão. A cárie é a patologia oral com maior prevalência. Verificou-se que 34 dentes apresentavam indicação para extração por presença de lesão em contrapartida com apenas 12 dentes que apresentavam indicação clínica para extração por motivos profiláticos. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que a extração de terceiros molares é uma decisão terapêutica que deve ter muitos fatores em conta mas, no fim, a decisão final deve ser do paciente e o médico dentista deve saber respeitar e saber os limites da sua intervenção, sempre tendo uma postura ética no seu trabalho e nunca colocar o seu interesse financeiro acima da saúde dos seus pacientes.
- A relação da periodontite com a artrite reumatoide: revisão narrativaPublication . Wahnich, Zacharie; Rua, RuiA possível associação entre a periodontite e a artrite reumatoide tem sido investigada devido a numerosas semelhanças nas suas características imunológicas e patológicas. Ambas as doenças levam destruição de tecidos moles e duros como resultado de processos inflamatórios e a sua ditada por uma rede de inflamatórias com os seus mediadores. Para além disso, partilham também alguns fatores de risco, como a predisposição genética e o consumo de tabaco. Esta revisão tem como principal objetivo expor a informação atual sobre os aspetos imunopatológicos e os mecanismos que ligam estas duas doenças, bem como o impacto que os tratamentos de uma doença exercem sobre a outra.