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- Políticas públicas e direito à cidade. Uma realidade em mudança?Publication . Seixas, Paulo Castro; Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo GuedesEste texto questiona uma mudança de relação entre políticas urbanas e direito à cidade, especificamente das crianças e jovens, no quadro do potencial de transformação das cidades inerente às conceções de compactidade urbana. Propõe-se que há um movimento em curso de downsizing e relocalização das cidades que acompanhou um outro de upscaling de experiências de transição baseadas em princípios da sustentabilidade. Propõe-se, de igual modo, que tal movimento é visível na evolução e proliferação de conceitos de modelos de compactidade urbana, tais como a “cidade compacta”, a “cidade das curtas distâncias”, “ecovilas/urban village” e, mais recentemente, a “cidade dos 15 minutos”. Este texto foca especificamente este último modelo, interrogando-se sobre o contributo da “cidade dos 15 minutos”, proposto por Carlos Moreno e adotado pela prefeitura da cidade de Paris em 2020, para responder aos desafios lançados 52 anos antes, a partir dessa mesma cidade, por Henry Lefèbvre em o Direito à Cidade (2001), incentivando os gestores públicos e os urbanistas a pensar na cidade como um lugar de encontro, convivência e simultaneidade, onde o valor da cidade é o do uso, e não o de troca.
- A Escala de Identidade Ambientalista (EIA): estrutura fatorial e propriedades psicométricasPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dias, Ricardo; Seixas, Paulo CastroA Escala de Identidade Ambientalista (EIA) é uma ferramenta desenvolvida para identificar e refletir sobre perfis identitários ambientalistas. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de identificar a sua estrutura factorial e o de testar as suas propriedades psicométricas, incluindo a consistência interna e validade do construto. A amostra inclui 110 participantes residentes em Portugal continental. Foram aplicadas técnicas de análise factorial exploratória para identificar a estrutura factorial da escala. A consistência interna da escala foi avaliada através do Alfa de Cronbach. A análise fatorial de componentes principais com rotação de varimax suporta um modelo com 2 fatores que explicam 62,4 % da variância total. As 2 subescalas (Valores e Práticas) demonstram consistências internas aceitáveis (coeficiente de alfa: 0.71 e 0.73 respetivamente), bem como a EIA total (coeficiente de alfa: 0.74). A validade do construto é, assim, suportada pela capacidade da EIA em identificar diferentes perfis ambientalistas. Conclui-se que a EIA apresenta propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis e que a sua aplicação é pertinente na identificação de perfis ambientalistas. No entanto, são necessários estudos futuros com uma amostra de maior dimensão que permita validar a EIA de forma mais robusta, nomeadamente através da estabilidade temporal e validade descriminante.
- Sustainable policies and practices in energy, environment and health researchPublication . Filho, Walter Leal; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Dias, RicardoThis book aims to give a contribution to a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary understanding of the cross-cutting issues on energy, environment and health research topics in the current world scenario, where nations all over the world are struggling to accomplish the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and to ensure sustainable patterns for all. This interdisciplinary implies a commitment between all fields of science, working together to provide knowledge that could result in the promotion of quality of life. At the present, it is evident that not all people benefit from sustainable policies and practices and the communication between health, energy, environmental and social problems is undeniable. A call for different views could be a pathway attracting universities, stakeholders, organizations and civil society to deeply discuss how one solution does not fit all societies. Few publications are coherently handling this matter. This book is expected to fill this gap and to develop an interest in a larger audience working in general sustainable development and cross-cutting issues. This book is produced by the European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR). It gives special emphasis to state-of-the-art descriptions of approaches, methods, initiatives and projects from universities, stakeholders, organizations and civil society across the world, regarding cross-cutting issues in energy, environment and health research.
- Post-sustainability, regenerative cultures, and governance scale-up: transformational learning cases of sociocracy 3.0 in PortugalPublication . Piteira, Xana; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dias, Ricardo; Seixas, Paulo CastroCommunities of practice and local transition experiences have been developed in recent decades. However, it has had a relatively marginal role of an experimental and fragmentary type. There are indeed networks (transition network and GEN), but their relationship is still outsiders vis-à-vis the established society and formal governance. On the other hand, these communities, as social entrepreneurship, have a relatively high “mortality rate,” making hard scale-up governance analyses and proposals. The current pandemic moment may or may not be a turning point in this situation, being one of the motivations of this chapter. Another motivation is the set of concepts that have emerged from criticism and overcoming the paradigm of sustainability: post-sustainability and regenerative cultures. Starting from these concepts and a triangular logic between university, governance, and communities of practices, we seek to learn from those who have already learned, through learning case studies for sustained social transformation. The research that the chapter embodies has an interdisciplinary basis and a direct partnership with actors with experience in using Sociocracy 3.0 (S3) as a social tool, enabling place-based learning. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the possibilities of scale-up of S3, presenting a set of good practices in the application of this tool in Portugal. The chapter begins by discussing central concepts related to social transformation and transition: post-sustainability; regenerative cultures; S3; scale-up governance; and transformational learning cases. The following is a genealogy of sociocracy from the classic concept to practices as a system of self-organization. Built on collaborative citizen science research, we relate individual life story with the genealogy of social innovation, stating the relevance of the individual on these transition processes. In a collaborative way, the first typology of S3 in Portugal was done, and specifically, eight case studies are then presented, seeking to characterize elements of regeneration and scale-up governance. The contribution of this chapter is to place these communities of practice as true partners for social entrepreneurship of regeneration, creating possibilities for scale-up in a strong articulation with local governments for a better transition management.
- Patterns of human behaviour in public urban green spaces: on the influence of users' profiles, surrounding environment, and space designPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Patoilo Teixeira, Catarina; Fernandes, Cláudia; Olszewska-guizzo, Agnieszka; Dias, Ricardo; Vilaça, Helena; Barros, Nelson; Maia, Rui LeandroPublic urban green spaces (PUGS) play a vital role in the dense urban fabric as places of Nature-Society contact and socialization. Despite some advances in the field, the relationship between the PUGS surroundings and their users' behaviours remains unclear. This study examined the patterns of human behaviour in four PUGS of the city of Porto, on the north Portuguese coast, where the behavioural mapping method was applied. Observational data regarding 979 PUGS users' socio-demographics and behaviours were recorded on a base map and a grid between August and November 2020. The use patterns during different times of the day were disaggregated across behaviours and users' profiles, and their relationship with the surroundings and design elements was assessed with ANOVA, Chi-Square test, and Pearson correlation. The findings presented may pave the way for future studies and inform the urban planning and design of the effectiveness of new interventions, namely providing more accurate aligning between the greenspace design language with users' needs. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of considering the sociodemographic background of PUGS users and the surroundings to guide designers and planners.
- Escala de identidade ambientalista: uma ferramenta para descobrirmos que ambientalistas somosPublication . Seixas, Paulo Castro; Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo GuedesO artigo propõe uma Escala que possibilita a discussão reflexiva de perfis identitários ambientalistas. O ambientalismo é um elemento identitário central do século XXI e, no entanto, a literatura falha em tipologias ambientalistas que permitam reflexão e posicionamentos. A metodologia seguida implicou uma análise histórica do ambientalismo. Tal análise deu lugar a 8 subescalas que se agregam num único instrumento metodológico: a Escala de Identidade Ambientalista (EIA). O contributo principal é um instrumento simples que possibilita uma aproximação reflexiva de cada sujeito a um conjunto de tipos ideais de identidades ambientalistas, sustentando metodologias ativas de intervenção.
- ‘Mértola, a lab for the future’ as a transformational plan for the mediterranean semi-arid region: a learning case based on landsenses ecologyPublication . Cortegano Valente, Marta; Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Seixas, Paulo CastroLearning cases as Transformational Plans are a tool that is still little explored and that have great potential in the framework of Landsenses Ecology as an emerging discipline. This work presents the project ‘Mértola, a Lab for the Future’ as a learning case of a Transformational Plan in the Mediterranean semi-arid region based on Landsenses Ecology. It is a project of agroecological transition, adaptation to climate change and desertification combat that places the local community leadership in the planning of a more sustainable and resilient future. The paper proposes Transformational Plans as a tool to promote networks for the sharing of technical-scientific, political and practical/lay knowledge enhancing a people-centred and place-based change. The learning case methodology follows an analysis showing a set of good governance practices for sustainability, through six transformation domains: access to natural ecosystems, knowledge and culture, systems of exchange, networks, equity, and discourse. Results show a strong articulation between the learning case and the UN 2030 Agenda, highlighting SDGs location and territorialization practices. This kind of projects, which strongly connects with governance and its multilevel and territorial translation, have a great potential for the Landsenses Ecology, contributing to innovate in governance approaches. The same place-based approach could be used and replicated by other territories in the Mediterranean semi-arid region to develop their Transformational Plans for accelerating transformation towards more sustainable territories.
- Os espaços verdes e as preocupações com a sustentabilidade nos Planos Diretores Municipais de 3ª geração: análise comparativa das Áreas Metropolitanas em PortugalPublication . Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Castro Seixas, Paulo; Maia, Rui LeandroEste texto analisa o papel atribuído aos espaços verdes urbanos na reformulação dos Planos Diretores Municipais (PDMs) que decorreu até Julho de 2020 em Portugal. Tendo em conta os serviços de ecossistemas destes espaços para a sustentabilidade nas cidades, questionou-se até que ponto os municípios portugueses aproveitaram esta reformulação para potencializar tais contributos. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa centrou-se em dois estudos de caso, comparando as duas Áreas Metropolitanas (AMs) portuguesas, através de uma análise aos documentos revistos dos PDMs dos municípios que as constituem. O artigo conclui que o valor socioecológico dos espaços verdes é ainda amplamente negligenciado, bem como o planeamento urbano sustentável ao nível das AMs.
- Urban compactivity models: screening city trends for the urgency of social and environmental sustainabilityPublication . Lobner, Nadine; Seixas, Paulo Castro; Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo GuedesUrban compactivity models are increasing around the globe, and sustainability has become the new buzzword. In recent decades, the focus of ecological responsibility has been shifted to the world’s cities, as they are the source of excessive consumption, major waste production, social inequalities, and global imbalances of economic wealth. This literature review is a contribution to the exploration of compactivity models that urgently aim at more sustainable forms of urban land-use, habitation, and transportation and considers: (i) compact cities; (ii) the 15-minute city; (iii) eco-villages/urban villages; (iv) transit oriented development; and (v) transit-corridor-livability. In the second section, we will address the debate on the need for governing authorities and the interdependence between micro-, meso- and macro dynamics for the implementation of transformational plans on a longue-durée. The work will be concluded with the presentation of a set of questions for exploring the need for a priority shift in political decision-making, the role of leadership articulation, and socio-economic inequity under the umbrella of environmental public anthropology.
- Measuring environmental concern of Urban Green Spaces’ Users (UGSU) through the application of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale (NEPS): evidence from a southern european cityPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dias, Ricardo; Seixas, Paulo Castro; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Fernandes, Cláudia; Barros, Nelson; Maia, Rui LeandroThe New Ecological Paradigm scale (NEPS) is a worldwide survey-based metric, designed to measure the environmental concern of groups of people through a single instrument including fifteen statements. As far as it is known, the NEPS has never been previously applied to Urban Green Spaces’ Users (UGSU). The assessment and analysis of this group’s perception of the environmental concern could be a core element in promoting environmental sustainability. This research aims to measure and analyse UGSU (n = 132) NEPS score in a southern European city. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the NEPS revealed good internal consistency and the explained variance is higher than the original study. Thus, its application is considered reliable when applied to UGSU. UGSU presented higher ecocentric values when compared to the general population, university teachers and agricultural farmers. Concerning UGSU sociodemographic characteristics, the youngers adults are those that mostly share an ecological worldview. Also, those that more often visit Urban Green Spaces (UGS), recognized that plants and animals have the same right to exist as humans. It is expected that this work may contribute to explore the usefulness of the NEPS application in different contexts and to underline values that will have a significant effect on debates involving environmental sustainability as a cross-cutting issue.
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