Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-04"
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- Políticas públicas e direito à cidade. Uma realidade em mudança?Publication . Seixas, Paulo Castro; Dias, Ricardo; Vidal, Diogo GuedesEste texto questiona uma mudança de relação entre políticas urbanas e direito à cidade, especificamente das crianças e jovens, no quadro do potencial de transformação das cidades inerente às conceções de compactidade urbana. Propõe-se que há um movimento em curso de downsizing e relocalização das cidades que acompanhou um outro de upscaling de experiências de transição baseadas em princípios da sustentabilidade. Propõe-se, de igual modo, que tal movimento é visível na evolução e proliferação de conceitos de modelos de compactidade urbana, tais como a “cidade compacta”, a “cidade das curtas distâncias”, “ecovilas/urban village” e, mais recentemente, a “cidade dos 15 minutos”. Este texto foca especificamente este último modelo, interrogando-se sobre o contributo da “cidade dos 15 minutos”, proposto por Carlos Moreno e adotado pela prefeitura da cidade de Paris em 2020, para responder aos desafios lançados 52 anos antes, a partir dessa mesma cidade, por Henry Lefèbvre em o Direito à Cidade (2001), incentivando os gestores públicos e os urbanistas a pensar na cidade como um lugar de encontro, convivência e simultaneidade, onde o valor da cidade é o do uso, e não o de troca.
- BR-174 highway, geotourism and socio-environmental conflicts in the northern remote regions of the AmazonPublication . Veras, Ana Sibelonia Saldanha; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Wahaj, Zujaja; Ahmed, Waqas; Barros, Nelson; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBR-174 in Brazil, also known as Manaus–Boa Vista, is a longitudinal highway that connects the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Amazonas and Roraima to Venezuela, being the only terrestrial connection between Roraima and the rest of Brazil. Its construction took place in 1968 and its inauguration in 1977, aiming to promote the interconnection of the State of Roraima, as a geopolitical strategy, with the rest of the country and, later, with South America. The construction of the BR-174 crossed the Waimiri Atroaris indigenous land, resulting in serious socio-environmental conflicts in the 1970s. Furthermore, recent research indicates that the deforestation process in the Amazon is associated with the opening of roads, as it favours the migratory flow, the occupation of land and logging. In this context, the arrival of migrants and, consequently, the pressing need to settle newly arrived people in search of land, favoured the damming of watercourses, the reduction of wild fauna and deforestation as a result of the construction of the road and neighbouring areas. However, and currently, BR-174 translates into a strategy of progress and communication, uniting adjacent communities, on the one hand, and, on the other, allowing the use of biophysical resources in favour of the development of geotourism. Considering this reality and from the perspective of the social and environmental transformations that have occurred, the objective of this paper is to analyse the potential of the BR-174 for the development of geotourism, as a way of mitigating its socio-environmental impacts and connecting geographically remote regions. The qualitative nature approach is based on the treatment and analysis of available bibliographic and documental sources. As the only land connection in the State of Roraima, and in addition to the negative impacts on the socio-environmental profile of the region, it can be concluded that the BR-174 highway has the potential to be an element facilitating the promotion of geotourism in the remote region of Amazon, contributing to the socio-environmental safeguard of this region.
- A cidade das crianças. Benefícios e oportunidades dos parques e jardins urbanosPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dias, Ricardo Cunha; Seixas, Paulo CastroA grande questão, ou desafio, que se coloca no desenho de cidades inclusivas e sustentáveis é: até que ponto estes espaços têm em consideração as expetativas das crianças e se, quando planeados, mesmo em pequenas intervenções, contemplam os benefícios cientificamente comprovados na promoção do bem-estar físico e mental das mesmas. O texto apresenta uma breve incursão sobre as oportunidades e benefícios dos espaços verdes urbanos, além de elencar as inúmeras iniciativas e projetos que têm procurado trazer as crianças para o planeamento urbano.
- Estado, Democracia e Crime Organizado InternacionalPublication . Campina, Ana; Rodrigues, CarlosO Crime Internacional Organizado afeta forte e irreversivelmente o contexto internacional, sendo uma poderosa e sistemática ameaça à Segurança dos Estados, Governos, Economias, Sociedade, impondo-se como um dos maiores desafios às autoridades policiais à investigação criminal e à Justiça. As Organizações Internacionais, como as Nações Unidas e o Conselho da Europa, assim como os ordenamentos jurídicos e judiciais da maioria dos Estados, através do sistema legal internacional de reconhecimento desta criminalidade, reconhecem que é perentória que haja uma vasta prevenção e proteção das potenciais vítimas. Porém o combate ao Crime Organizado Internacional apresenta-se como um problema muito grave pela dificuldade ou impossibilidade de prevenção, controlo e, de forma particular, pelas graves consequências e afetações e danos à vida dos Estados e dos indivíduos, pela violação dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais, como nos revelam as estatísticas oficiais. Dada a multiplicidade de proveniências, idade ou profissão dos criminosos, atuando individualmente ou integrados em organizações, grupos organizados, associações ou redes, à escala global/regional/local, e cujo potencial e capacidades de evolução e inovação permanentes com um grau de sofisticação muito elevado, conseguem ludibriar e ultrapassar os sistemas de controlo e de captura internacionais. Urge a desconstrução de estereótipos que se proliferam perigosamente gerando reações múltiplas negativas e condicionam a ação dos distintos intervenientes em prol da prevenção e combate a este Crime Internacional.
- Formas de justiça consensuada no direito processual penal: análise normativa da colaboração premiada e eficácia dos acordos de não persecução penal firmados na 5ª Promotoria de Justiça de Balsas/MAPublication . Rohrr, Sirlene Marquezini de Souza; Ramalho, JoaquimHodiernamente, ante a dinamicidade do Direito, de um modo geral, surge, para minimizar a morosidade judicial e dar maior celeridade na resolução das lides algumas respostas estatais ligadas à justiça criminal. Tem sido utilizado no Brasil, além do já costumeiro modelo conflitivo, o modelo de resposta classificado como consensuado ou consensual, modelo este que visa trazer contornos de acordos capazes de satisfazer as expectativas sociais pela busca da justiça e celeridade na prestação jurisdicional. Tem-se, portanto, como espécie deste modelo consensuado de resposta estatal outro modelo de justiça: a negociada, que é o cerne no presente estudo e se consubstancia na possibilidade de acordos bilaterais entre o órgão acusador e o perpetrador de ilícitos penais, corroborando-se na avença condições a serem cumpridas, sob pena de se perseguir a via processual de praxe. Alguns instrumentos ou procedimentos fazem parte da justiça negociada, dentre os quais a colaboração premiada e o novel acordo de não persecução penal, ambos disciplinados pela Lei.12.850/2013 e artigo 28-A do Código de Processo Penal (incluído pela Lei nº 13.964, de 2019), respectivamente. Do todo explanado, pretende-se, a partir da presente dissertação, apresentar uma análise normativa do instituto colaborativo e a eficácia dos acordos de não persecução penal firmados na 5ª promotoria de Balsas/MA nos meses de novembro de 2019 e fevereiro e março de 2020.
- Mental health, well-being and climate change: scope and challengesPublication . Fonte, Carla; Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaClimate change (CC) manifests itself through extreme weather conditions and is gaining more and more attention from the scientific community and civil society, considering the social implications in various domains of daily life. Undeniable social, economic and environmental consequences have been disclosed worldwide, in addition to the significant psychosocial impacts that the resulting weather events pose to mental health and well-being of people. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), vicarious trauma, anxiety, substance abuse, depression, survivor guilt, recovery fatigue, and suicidal ideation, are some of the mental health problems linked with the occurrence of catastrophic weather events. Other threats involve financial and relationship stress and the consequent potentiation of the risks of violence, in particular gender-based violence (GBV) and aggression, disproportionately affecting those who are most marginalized. Paradoxically, and in response to CC, the research shows that these same circumstances may also inspire individuals to more positive and adaptive behaviours, such as altruism, optimism and compassion, promoting a life meaning and individual development, motivated by CC post-traumatic growth. Based on an expert-driven literature review, this chapter intends to assess and discuss the relevant literature describing how CC impacts on the mental health and well-being of individuals and societies, as well as the hazards associated with increasing problems of violence and aggression. Likewise, it also aims to analyse and discuss specific responses to the CC that can contribute to positive changes in learning, growth and behaviour throughout life. The promotion of pro-environmental behaviour through education is considered as an important strategy in this context.
- Industrial waste management in Ghana: environmental challenges and climate change impacts on human healthPublication . Debrah, Justice Kofi; Teye, Godfred Kwesi; Wahaj, Zujaja; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaWaste having a significant and relevant material presence in our everyday life was not considered worthy of human attention up until the 1990s. Most probably, this delayed recognition of waste is due to the fact that it has been mistakenly understood as something that is supposed to remain invisible to the human eye in a sense that it is assumed to be occupying those spaces that are not inhabited by human beings. Contemporary times, however, are marked by giving due importance to waste. It is seen as a crucial environmental and health challenge for species’ survival on earth and is therefore placed center stage in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aim to protect the planet. More recently, SDG 12, ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns, has alerted to fast-growing waste management (WM) environmental issues. With the earth being viewed as a limited natural resource and having the inadequate capacity to accommodate wastes leading to adverse environmental and health consequences, caution must be taken to understand the associations between global consumption, total waste, and wasting patterns. Conceptualizing waste as a globally circulating material, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and sulphur oxide (SOx), the governance of waste has become a global concern. This chapter focuses on WM in Ghana, a middle-income economy country in the West of Africa. Due to rapid industrialization, Ghana is witnessing an ever-escalation of the country’s contribution to global environmental waste issues, especially GHG emissions. This study aims to identify and address the challenges associated with managing waste in Ghana. Additionally, it proposes specific measures to mitigate climate change and its effects on the environment and human health resulting from WM. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 101 responses received from WM experts based on the aim. The data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 27. 72% of respondents were male, with most completing first and second degrees and have been working between 11 and 15 years. Although most of the respondents’ report waste being poorly managed, 93% consider that the associated causes of improper WM include inadequate infrastructure, lack of landfills, lack of tools and logistics, and equipment. All respondents believed that the challenges affect climate change through the emission of GHGs and particulate matter, resulting in global warming and impacting human health.
- Climate change and health hazards: addressing hazards to human and environmental health from a changing climatePublication . Leal Filho, Walter; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaIs very international. Presents a combination of projects, case studies, and practical experiences. Addresses interdisciplinary authorship.
- PrefacePublication . Leal Filho, Walter; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta
- When the alarm bells ring: Why the UN sustainable development goals may not be achieved by 2030Publication . Leal Filho, Walter; Viera Trevisan, Laís; Simon Rampasso, Izabela; Anholon, Rosley; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Londero Brandli, Luciana; Sierra, Javier; Lange Salvia, Amanda; Pretorius, Rudi; Nicolau, Melanie; Paulino Pires Eustachio, João Henrique; Mazutti, JanainaWhen the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were agreed upon by the UN General Assembly in 2015, and subsequently endorsed by most UN Member States, there was a sense of optimism in respect of their timely implementation by 2030. This optimism has now become a concern. This is due to the fact that a combination of unfavourable circumstances and crises have so severely undermined the pursuit of the SDGs, that there are serious concerns about the probability of their achievement by 2030. This paper reports on an expert-driven literature review of the implementation of the SDGs and a bibliometric analysis, aimed at identifying some of the issues which have been slowing SDGs’ progress. Based on the information gathered, it suggests some specific measures which may be deployed, in order to accelerate their implementation by 2030.