FCHS (DCPC) - Capítulos de Livros em Editoras Internacionais
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- Centro histórico do Porto património mundial da UNESCO: a importância da manutenção identitária e o seu controlo pela administração públicaPublication . Rodrigues, Carlos; Campina, AnaA identidade e diferenciação de um povo traduz-se na forma peculiar com que cada comunidade vive e a transmite geracionalmente. O Centro Histórico do Porto foi incluído pela UNESCO, em 1996, na lista indicativa do Património Mundial, facto que por si só é demonstrativo da peculiaridade de um pedaço de uma cidade diferenciadora da restante urbe, à qual pertence, e é digna de nota a nível mundial pela traça originária e secular distinta do resto do país e do mundo. A importância desta identidade é tão intrínseca à população portuense que, apesar do grande fluxo turístico, tem sido até agora capaz de a manter. As entidades públicas têm permitido a recuperação urbanística sem a ferir. Este estudo apresenta a evolução do turismo e da recuperação urbanística e o seu controlo pelas entidades públicas de modo que a urbe não seja minimamente beliscada, facto que, entre outros aspetos, é visível pela quase ausência de infrações urbanísticas apesar da constante e ampla recuperação do edificado, mas os crescentes fluxos turísticos começam a colocar em causa a história viva que só pode ser mantida com uma população residente.
- Creative industry, museums: the mediation of cultural heritagePublication . Campelo, ÁlvaroContemporary societies are faced with increased competitiveness in their economies, where the local and global challenges must combine, to satisfy the increasing diversity and complexity of consumers. If it’s true that the differentiation and diversification of economic sectors and industrial products require new models of economic development, new positions in the global market, and new marketing strategies, the same is true in industries linked to cultural industries and management of cultural heritage. Regions and cities are concerned to become creative spaces. The concepts of creative region and creative city drew attention to the value of knowledge and science in creating differentiated work and differentiated residential spaces, to capture social groups with improved financial conditions and with higher education. In conjugation with that, we would have high potential for regions and cities as well to become spaces of cultural, social and environmental excellence. In other words, do these spaces define societies of the future and sustainable development (Collis et al 2010)? Normally, when we talk about creative cities, we refer to spaces where big financial investment, education and excellent architecture attract creative industries. These spaces constitute a great focus (on geographical or political power level), where cultural services offerings, investment in urban design and in high technology are conditions for investment and creation of companies linked to creativity. Thus, in addition to the quality of urban space, the presence of cultural institutions, such as culture centres, “creative buildings”, museums and universities (research centres), we have a particular social structure, residential or working, i.e. social and cultural elites. Our question, here, is: are possible creative urban spaces out of that build around technology, urban centres, high tech architecture, and inhabited by common citizens?; can museums contribute to the construction of these creative spaces?; how can cultural heritage, of one local community take an important role in the discussion and building of creative spaces?; how cultural institutions, such as museums, can contribute to the place local communities have within the creative industries?
- Cultural policy and politics of culture: communities and societyPublication . Campelo, ÁlvaroAll approaches to the Cultural Heritage subject dependent on a theoretical position. At first, when the social actors and researchers interested in the problem of cultural heritage, they took a position of defending and preserving its cultural legacy, owned by community. This awareness has been evolving over time. In fact, the importance and sense of cultural heritage in community life was understood only gradually. Over time, national and international institutions built a complex theoretical, legal and administrative collection, reflecting views and perceptions of the role of cultural heritage in community’s lives. It is in this process of political management that we have seen cultural policies and the definition of politics of culture in cultural heritage. And it is at this point that the interests, the ability to impose, or not, rules and procedures, the definition of objectives about selection and heritage purposes, - these have led to a conflict between institutions and actors, with the authority to define, and with communities composed of cultural actors.
- Cyber dating abuse victimization and association with offline dating violence.Publication . Caridade, Sónia; Ataíde, Isa; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaDespite the positive effects associated with information and communication technologies (ICTs) on youth socialization process (e.g., ability to exercise self-control, to promote tolerance and respect for others, to adequately express feelings, to exercise critical thinking, and to make decisions), negative effects have also been documented (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk taking behaviour), including cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies have been documenting that CDA is an extension of offline dating violence (ODV). Accordingly, this chapter summarizes the findings when analysing the association between CDA and ODV in a sample of 145 Portuguese adolescents and young adults, mostly female (89%), with mean age of 23.54 and standard deviation (SD) of 4.01 years. Results show that CDA and ODV are very prevalent among Portuguese youth involved in dating relationships and that both types of abuse were positively associated in terms of victimization and perpetration. The co-occurrence of CDA and ODV signals the importance of finding additional strategies to encourage more cautious use of ICTs in order to prevent specific situations between dating partners, able to trigger abusive behaviour.
- Dating violence in schools: preventing and responding through the perspective of educational professionalsPublication . Caridade, SóniaThe school environment is a favourable context for the exploration and establishment of different types of interactions between adolescents. It is, therefore, a context where dating violence (DV) may be experienced and may, consequently, also be prevented. The research on DV has mainly focused on its characterization, neglecting other dimensions and perspectives of the problem. More specifically, research on DV has mostly ignored the perceptions of other social actors, such as educators (e.g., parents, teachers and other professionals working in the education system), or even peers. A greater knowledge of the school professionals’ perspectives and strategies of prevention and responses to DV can contribute to more effective practical implementations and policy formulations. This chapter intends to analyse and discuss the importance of considering education professionals’ perspectives in the DV analysis, assessing their level of knowledge, training and practices on dealing with DV incidents. Accordingly, a questionnaire to assess education professionals’ perceptions of DV and their level of preparation and knowledge to identify and report situations of DV, is also proposed. The conclusions present some considerations regarding the prevention and intervention in DV, which emphasise the importance of involving other social actors who interact with adolescents in a daily basis (e.g., parents, teachers, education assistants and peers).
- Disclosure of dating violence victims: strategies and reasons for help-seekingPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Pinheiro, Inês; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaHelp-seeking in dating violence (DV) is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with adolescent and young people’s mental health, improving conflict negotiation skills and anger management, as well as developing strategies for self-protection and prevention of future violence. A qualitative study to analyse and characterize the disclosure in victims of DV, more specifically to identify strategies and reasons for help-seeking, is presented in this chapter. A semi-structured and in-depth interview was used to collect data from 13 DV victims, aged 17-30 years old (M = 25 and SD = 3.66 years old). The content of the interviews was submitted to thematic analysis. Participants have identified several barriers for help-seeking (i.e., threats, fear of losing partner, feeling of shame, not recognizing abuse); victims tend to seek more informal help (i.e., family, friends, siblings) rather than formal help (i.e., counsellors, health professionals); the preference for an informal help source is justified by the greater availability, the fact that some sources know and witness DV and the greater awareness of the situation; participants also identified a number of social reactions, most of which were interpreted by the victims as positive (i.e., emotional support, seeking formal help, conversation with the abuser). In conclusion, efforts to prevent or intervene in DV relationships should reinforce the need to encourage the help-seeking behaviour of DV victims in order to favour their psychological adjustment and prevent further aggression.
- Distance learning and social issues: opportunities and challenges in preventing violencePublication . Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaDistance learning (DL) assumes a relevant place in the scope of social sciences’ approaches adopted in terms of violence prevention, through the creation and development of digital platforms addressing different types of violence. As a consequence of the wide use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by young people, the risks represented for experiencing violence, and the advantages in terms of the rapid dissemination of information, there has been an increasing use of digital tools to prevent different victimization phenomena. Although there are constraints associated with DL, it has lower costs of learning training per person, allowing a wide dissemination of information. This chapter intends to analyse and discuss how DL may address violence prevention in terms of social sciences issues specific interventions. In the expectation that others may emerge, existing practices in this area covering the most diverse types of violence affecting young people are presented and described.
- Does the European Union have its own system of fiscal federalism?Publication . Vila Maior, Paulo; yesThere has been a lively debate among scholars about the feasibility and desirability of fiscal federalism in the European Union (EU). The paper addresses the question of whether ‘conventional fiscal federalism’ is feasible in the EU, considering the distinctiveness of European integration and the political-economic template of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It is an attempt to bridge the gap between economics and political science by adding the political conditions that might create difficulties to the economics’ rationale. Starting from the conceptual instruments used (fiscal federalism, centralisation and decentralisation) the paper highlights how fiscal federalism is multi-faceted concept embracing both a centralisation and a decentralisation outcome. Borrowing the Musgravian classification of allocation-equity-stabilisation, the EU is examined as far as redistribution and macroeconomic stabilisation are concerned. The aim is to conclude whether centralisation or decentralisation is the prevailing outcome for both functions. Considering that in the EU: i) the current distribution of fiscal competences is favourable to member states; ii) the overall outcome for the aforementioned fiscal functions is decentralisation; iii) despite monetary policy is the main tool for macroeconomic stabilisation, and this is a policy arena where centralisation prevails; iv) the diminished scope for inter-state solidarity averts more centralisation in redistribution; and v) the absent political willingness from national governments to increase the EU budget; all this suggests that ‘conventional fiscal federalism’ is ruled out as a feasible solution for the EU. Notwithstanding this doesn’t imply that fiscal federalism is absent from the EU. A distinct,decentralised modality of fiscal federalism already exists, coping with the ‘sui generis’ nature of European integration.
- O estatuto humano (i)legal na União Europeia: discurso versus práticaPublication . Campina, AnaA presente pesquisa baseia-se no hiato que existe entre o discurso e a prática, o contexto / a realidade perigosamente dissimulada através da manipulação da informação e, consequentemente, da Opinião Pública. A União Europeia (UE) tem atuado culturalmente no sentido da transparência jurídica, no entanto, com diversos entraves da mais diversa natureza e proveniência gerando sérias divergências entre a retórica e a prática. E se a UE enfrenta sérios e complexos problemas Humanos / Sociais que reivindicam mais do que legislação, mas a assunção das reais circunstâncias e dos inerentes problemas que deverão gerar uma ação concertada entre todos os membros da Organização, e das Relações Internacionais que vejam mais além. Importa assumir que a retórica política, jurídica, judicial, económica, social e cultural é frequentemente díspar da ação, com graves consequências para os cidadãos. O mais gravoso que é esta disparidade se revela da pior forma promovendo violações aos Direitos Fundamentais e Humanos o que exige uma intervenção. Apesar da mudança de paradigma relativa a estes Direitos, certo é que na génese desta dicotomia discurso/praxis encontramos diversas causas/consequências: o terrorismo e as medidas de segurança extremas à escala internacional; a proliferação do “renascido” antissemitismo; os elevadíssimos níveis de atos de xenofobia, racismo e a discriminação; a intitulada “Crise dos Refugiados” e tudo quanto lhe está adjacente; a crise económica conducente à situação de pobreza agravada; a ausência de capacidade social para compreender, interpretar e (re)agir em conformidade com as necessidades frente à violência e violações de Direitos. Nesta conjuntura, a pressão política, social, económica e cultural é muito elevada, os “poderes” demasiado importantes adentro dos limites da lei objetivando a “arte de governar”. Por isso, é simples compreender que o diagnóstico é simples, científico, as medidas a adotar são simples e objetivas de implementação exequível com consequências de curto prazo e de abrangência transversal. Na análise da retórica oficial da EU, jurídica, judicial e dos atores, principalmente políticos; da retórica dos Media que adotam um posicionamento interno e internacional, em particular relativo aos Direitos Humanos. A necessidade de Educação dos e para os Direitos Humanos urge, nomeadamente adentro da perigosa distância entre o discurso (oficial e oficioso) e a praxis com prejuízo para a promoção, proteção e defesa dos Direitos Humanos que diverge da necessidade de alterações jurídicas, mas implementação da lei, identificação dos verdadeiros problemas e contextualização das ações mais eficazes e duradouras.
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