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- Bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseasesPublication . C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Duarte, Rúben Jorge Guedes; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Catarino, Rita; Pimenta, Adriana; Souto, RenataTo date, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, have no cure. The identification of natural compounds that can be used to treat and prevent neurodegeneration is of growing scientific interest. Marine macroalgae are associated with added value in the areas of therapeutics, food, and industry, and are unexplored sources of bioactive compounds including phlorotannins, terpenes, pigments, phytosterols, and polysaccharides, with beneficial properties for human health. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties increasingly reinforce their great neuroprotective potential, acting to protect against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are related to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Few compounds from marine macroalgae have been studied in clinical trials to date. However, the recent approval in China by the National Medical Products Administration of a marine macroalgae oligosaccharide, sodium oligomannate, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has paved the way for the discovery of drugs with potential for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases based on marine macroalgae. This manuscript reviews the mechanisms of neurodegeneration characteristic of diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and the bioactive compounds of marine macroalgae that exhibit neuroprotective effects, as well as their application in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Impact of female hormonal changes throughout life on oral health: a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Fryde, Mayane; Guimarães, Maria Inês; C. Leal, M. FernandaThis work looks at the impact of female hormonal fluctuations throughout life, during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, on oral health. These physiological periods, marked by major variations in estrogen and progesterone levels, influence oral health, so the following question was formulated: to what extent do female hormonal fluctuations influence oral health? Through a scoping review of 37 scientific articles selected using a rigorous methodology (in particular using the Rayyan tool), it was possible to highlight clinical manifestations specific to each hormonal stage. In adolescent girls, puberty is frequently accompanied by exacerbated gingivitis, independent of dental plaque. During pregnancy, the increase in hormones leads to increased gingival inflammation and transient tooth mobility. Finally, the menopause is associated with a drop in female sex hormones, which can lead to dry mouth, altered salivary flora and accelerated bone loss, all of which contribute to the worsening of periodontal disease. These results underline the importance of a preventive and personalized approach to oral health care for patients, taking into account the hormonal context. They also highlight the collaboration between dentists, general practitioners and gynecologists, to optimize comprehensive care for women at every stage of their hormonal life.
- The impact of genetics on craniofacial dysplasias and consequent oral malformations: integrative reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Touboul, Laura; C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Via, MarcBackground/Objectives: Diseases affecting the craniofacial skeleton are normally associated with disturbances in the regulation of cellular differentiation, the development of bone structures, and changes in bone density and ossification. Thus, the objective of this integrative review is to evaluate the published scientific literature from the last 8 years concerning the impact of genetics on some craniofacial dysplasias. Our aim covers the identification of oral cavity alterations to those dysplasias, through the most common oro-facial manifestations. Three dysplasias were selected to be part of this integrative review: cleidocranial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia and Apert syndrome. Methods: For this purpose, a bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Sci-ence and Google Scholar databases with several keywords combined with each other. The research question of this review was as follows: “What is the impact of genetic factors on the development of craniofacial dysplasias and associated oral malformations?”. Results: After selecting the articles through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Genetics plays a crucial role in cranio-facial dysplasias and subsequent oral malformations. The main conclusion was that mutations in different genes can lead to identical phenotypes, while mutations in the same gene can present slight phenotypic differences depending on where they occur. In the future, it would be important to conduct studies with larger samples and control groups that include genetic testing to allow for a more comprehensive study on the impact of genetics on craniofacial dysplasias.
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and its manifestations in the oral cavityPublication . Cardoso, Jennifer; de Faria Carvalho, Célio Domingos; Carvalho Silva, Cátia; Moura Teles, Ana; C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Lopes Cardoso, InêsThe Ectodermal Dysplasias generally present orofacial manifestations, such as skeletal discrepancies and dental alterations. Therefore, the role of a paediatric dentist in the detection and recognition of these repercussions can be crucial in early diagnosis of the disease. The oral rehabilitation of paediatric patients with this condition is extremely important, ideally, at a very early stage, yet contributing for the re-establishment of normal chewing, swallowing and phonetics functions, and, naturally, aesthetics increase. The purpose of this narrative review aims to elucidate dentists about their role in the detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the Ectodermal Dysplasia’ oral manifestations in paediatric patients, through the presentation of general physical and specific craniofacial characteristics.
- Sickle cell anemia and its impact on the oral cavity: integrative reviewPublication . C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Natbeth, Ambre; Lopes Cardoso, InêsIntroduction: Sickle cell anemia, a hereditary disease, results from a mutation in the β-globin coding gene that makes up hemoglobin, leading to the deformation of erythrocytes. Numerous oral manifestations result from this disease; however, some may not be specific. Objectives: This study’s objective is to recognize these clinical manifestations of the disease to be able to manage oral health in sickle cell anemia patients. Methods: this integrative review analyzes scientific literature on the impact of sickle cell anemia on oral cavity. A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL Plus (via EBSCO host), Web of Science and Google Scholar databases using several combined keywords. The research question was: “What is the impact of sickle cell anemia on the oral cavity and dental treatments?”. Results: By applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were included in this review. Conclusions: Studies show that the most common oral manifestations in these patients are periodontal disease and caries, although this association is not well understood.