FCHS (DCPC) - Capítulos de Livros em Editoras Internacionais
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Browsing FCHS (DCPC) - Capítulos de Livros em Editoras Internacionais by Author "Caridade, Sónia"
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- Cyber dating abuse victimization and association with offline dating violence.Publication . Caridade, Sónia; Ataíde, Isa; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaDespite the positive effects associated with information and communication technologies (ICTs) on youth socialization process (e.g., ability to exercise self-control, to promote tolerance and respect for others, to adequately express feelings, to exercise critical thinking, and to make decisions), negative effects have also been documented (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk taking behaviour), including cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies have been documenting that CDA is an extension of offline dating violence (ODV). Accordingly, this chapter summarizes the findings when analysing the association between CDA and ODV in a sample of 145 Portuguese adolescents and young adults, mostly female (89%), with mean age of 23.54 and standard deviation (SD) of 4.01 years. Results show that CDA and ODV are very prevalent among Portuguese youth involved in dating relationships and that both types of abuse were positively associated in terms of victimization and perpetration. The co-occurrence of CDA and ODV signals the importance of finding additional strategies to encourage more cautious use of ICTs in order to prevent specific situations between dating partners, able to trigger abusive behaviour.
- Dating violence in schools: preventing and responding through the perspective of educational professionalsPublication . Caridade, SóniaThe school environment is a favourable context for the exploration and establishment of different types of interactions between adolescents. It is, therefore, a context where dating violence (DV) may be experienced and may, consequently, also be prevented. The research on DV has mainly focused on its characterization, neglecting other dimensions and perspectives of the problem. More specifically, research on DV has mostly ignored the perceptions of other social actors, such as educators (e.g., parents, teachers and other professionals working in the education system), or even peers. A greater knowledge of the school professionals’ perspectives and strategies of prevention and responses to DV can contribute to more effective practical implementations and policy formulations. This chapter intends to analyse and discuss the importance of considering education professionals’ perspectives in the DV analysis, assessing their level of knowledge, training and practices on dealing with DV incidents. Accordingly, a questionnaire to assess education professionals’ perceptions of DV and their level of preparation and knowledge to identify and report situations of DV, is also proposed. The conclusions present some considerations regarding the prevention and intervention in DV, which emphasise the importance of involving other social actors who interact with adolescents in a daily basis (e.g., parents, teachers, education assistants and peers).
- Disclosure of dating violence victims: strategies and reasons for help-seekingPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Pinheiro, Inês; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaHelp-seeking in dating violence (DV) is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with adolescent and young people’s mental health, improving conflict negotiation skills and anger management, as well as developing strategies for self-protection and prevention of future violence. A qualitative study to analyse and characterize the disclosure in victims of DV, more specifically to identify strategies and reasons for help-seeking, is presented in this chapter. A semi-structured and in-depth interview was used to collect data from 13 DV victims, aged 17-30 years old (M = 25 and SD = 3.66 years old). The content of the interviews was submitted to thematic analysis. Participants have identified several barriers for help-seeking (i.e., threats, fear of losing partner, feeling of shame, not recognizing abuse); victims tend to seek more informal help (i.e., family, friends, siblings) rather than formal help (i.e., counsellors, health professionals); the preference for an informal help source is justified by the greater availability, the fact that some sources know and witness DV and the greater awareness of the situation; participants also identified a number of social reactions, most of which were interpreted by the victims as positive (i.e., emotional support, seeking formal help, conversation with the abuser). In conclusion, efforts to prevent or intervene in DV relationships should reinforce the need to encourage the help-seeking behaviour of DV victims in order to favour their psychological adjustment and prevent further aggression.
- Distance learning and social issues: opportunities and challenges in preventing violencePublication . Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaDistance learning (DL) assumes a relevant place in the scope of social sciences’ approaches adopted in terms of violence prevention, through the creation and development of digital platforms addressing different types of violence. As a consequence of the wide use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by young people, the risks represented for experiencing violence, and the advantages in terms of the rapid dissemination of information, there has been an increasing use of digital tools to prevent different victimization phenomena. Although there are constraints associated with DL, it has lower costs of learning training per person, allowing a wide dissemination of information. This chapter intends to analyse and discuss how DL may address violence prevention in terms of social sciences issues specific interventions. In the expectation that others may emerge, existing practices in this area covering the most diverse types of violence affecting young people are presented and described.
- Género, sistema de justiça criminal e controlo social: uma análise sobre o crime femininoPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Nunes, Laura M.dado o seu reduzido envolvimento na prática de comportamentos criminais. Contudo, os dados oficiais dos últimos anos têm vindo a contestar esta ideia, documentando um elevado aumento do crime no feminino, um pouco por todo o mundo. No plano social, a imagem veiculada sobre a mulher continua imbuída de estereótipos de género (e.g., frágil, débil, mais credível, maternal) que a incompatibilizam com o papel de agressora, sendo esta comummente percebida como sendo vítima e o homem ofensor. Ora, esta sub-representação ou mesmo relativização da conduta criminal feminina tende a entorpecer a atuação dos profissionais e do próprio sistema de justiça, influenciando também na delineação de políticas de prevenção/intervenção face a esta. Com este artigo de revisão da literatura pretendemos precisamente proceder a uma reflexão sobre como o crime praticado no feminino é encarado pelo sistema de justiça criminal. Começaremos, assim, por caracterizar o crime feminino, para de seguida analisar de forma particular, como o sistema de justiça criminal equaciona o crime praticado por homens e mulheres e as implicações que tais atitudes poderão ter, quer avaliação do risco das mulheres ofensoras e subsequente aplicação das medidas punitivas, quer ao nível das políticas de prevenção e intervenção junto dos/as agressores/as. Com este trabalho pretende-se sensibilizar o sistema judicial para a necessidade de promover e acautelar uma atuação e intervenção mais igualitárias, fomentando-se, deste modo, uma eficácia normativa e maior credibilização no sistema de justiça.
- Police attitudes toward domestic violence: proposal of an assessment questionnairePublication . Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaDomestic violence (DV) is a problem of global concern, widely recognized as a public health issue. There are still many bias and gender stereotypes associated with this phenomenon, particularly when occurring between same-sex partners and against men. As the first official authorities answering to DV situations, police officers play a crucial role in the support for victims of DV. Police attitudes and their perceptions and responses to DV are very important in promoting a sense of security and well-being in victims seeking assistance and protection from DV. The police attitudes toward DV also determine the availability of the victims to seek help from this formal source. Regardless of all the DV studies available in literature, few researches have focused on the role of gender stereotypes affecting police attitudes in response to DV, either through the support provided to the victims or in relation to the victims’ complaints. Knowledge of police attitudes in response to DV can contribute to better inform policymaking practice. This chapter aims to analyse and discuss the traditional beliefs and gender stereotypes underlying police attitudes associated with DV. An assessment questionnaire is proposed as a result. The chapter ends with considerations encompassing DV prevention and intervention programs, highlighting the importance of the police authorities in adopting proactive and supportive attitudes in the response of DV victims.
- (Re)Pensar a aplicabilidade da justiça restaurativa na violência doméstica: especificidades e desafiosPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.E porque a violência doméstica é hoje amplamente reconhecida como problema social grave em matéria de direitos humanos e de saúde pública, importa que se procurem explorar outras respostas inovadoras e que se coadunem com as reais necessidades das vítimas deste problema. O comprovado descontentamento das vítimas de violência doméstica com o modo de funcionamento do sistema judicial convencional atesta esta necessidade. Ao longo deste capítulo procuraremos (re)pensar a aplicabilidade da justiça restaurativa aos casos de violência doméstica no que respeita à realidade de Portugal. Para tal, começaremos por descrever, de forma sucinta, este novo paradigma da justiça, discutindo-se, de seguida, os argumentos que têm sido utilizados para refutar as práticas restaurativas em processos de violência doméstica, em particular nos relacionamentos íntimos. Por considerarmos que certas assunções associadas à violência doméstica poderão estar a influenciar alguns posicionamentos nesta matéria, procuraremos analisar e debater algumas das especificidades que caracterizam muitos destes processos e os desafios que tal poderá acarretar na aplicabilidade da justiça restaurativa. Neste sentido discutiremos algumas propostas relativas à exequibilidade do modelo, o qual só pode existir do contínuo diálogo com a investigação e consideração, também, das necessidades e direitos da vítima.
- Stay or leave abusive dating relationships: portuguese victims’ reasons and barriersPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Pinheiro, Inês; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe decision to stay or leave an abusive relationship is multifactorial and frequently involves a cyclic process involving several phases. This article presents a qualitative analysis regarding the reasons and barriers to stay or leave an abusive dating relationship, as well as the challenges that it implies. A semi-structured, in-depth interview was used to collect data from thirteen dating victims, aged 17–30 years and mainly female (n = 12). The emotional and affective dependence of the partner and the belief that behaviour may change emerge as the main reasons presented by the victims to remain in an abusive relationship. Shame, fear of losing the partner, and failure to recognize the abusive relationship were reported as the main barriers to leave the abusive relationship, thus making it difficult to seek help. Understanding reasons to stay in, or barriers to leave, an abusive relationship is fundamental to promoting help-seeking behaviours in victims of dating violence (DV), particularly in the case of young people, since it has serious implications in the developmental pathway of this age group.
- Técnicas e estratégias de obtenção do testemunho de crianças vítimas de crimesPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.Ainda que o testemunho das crianças tenha sido negligenciado durante vários anos, hoje é tido, não raras vezes, como sendo de grande relevância e centralidade na descoberta da verdade factual (sobretudo nos crimes sexuais). Para esta mudança de paradigma contribuíram várias transformações macrossociais e o elevado investimento por parte da comunidade científica em analisar de forma aprofundada a relação da criança com o sistema legal. Ao longo deste capítulo, procuraremos, primeiramente, identificar e refletir sobre os diferentes fatores que podem interferir com o testemunho das crianças, contemplando algumas especificidades desenvolvimentais que importa considerar no momento da recolha do testemunho. Posteriormente, procuraremos dar a conhecer as diferentes estratégias e técnicas sugeridas pela literatura para recolher o testemunho da criança, de forma a preservar, por um lado, a espontaneidade, a precisão e a integridade do mesmo e, por outro lado, para reduzir o risco de o contacto da criança com o sistema judicial poder constituir uma forma de vitimização secundária.
- Violence in urban community: local diagnosis of security and victimization.IPublication . Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, VanessaCommunity violence is one of the phenomena that most affects perceptions of security. Moreover, when it is associated with violent or criminal victimization (both direct and indirect), it can deeply impact a population’s level of security and fear of crime within a specific geographical context. Accordingly, to develop appropriate helpful responses to victims of violence and crime, it is particularly relevant to assess people’s perceptions, to be aware of their victimization experiences and to identify their needs. The Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS) is a community assessment measure that allows for not only the gathering of information about criminal occurrences in a specific geographical area but also the collection of data on experiences of victimization and feelings of (in)security. The DLS became an internationally well-known procedure that empirically supports the development of community interventions. In this regard, based on a study that we are conducting through the community project “LookCrim,” in this chapter, we propose to analyze the DLS’s potential to assess perceptions of (in)security with respect to the experience of victimization to discuss the challenges of and the responses to the phenomenon of community violence.