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- Ciclodextrinas: formação de complexos e sua aplicação farmacêuticaPublication . Oliveira, Rita; Santos, Delfim; Barata, PedroO número de moléculas com problemas de solubilidade, biodisponibilidade e permeabilidade tem vindo a aumentar. As ciclodextrinas são oligossacarídeos cíclicos com uma cavidade central hidrófoba, cuja estrutura permite formar complexos de inclusão estáveis com diversos fármacos. A complexação com ciclodextrinas permite optimizar os diversos sistemas transportadores constituídos por este tipo de fármacos, assim como solucionar problemas devidos a propriedades indesejáveis como instabilidade, más características organolépticas ou potencial irritação. The number of molecules with problems of solubility, bioavailability and permeability is increasing. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophobic central cavity, whose structure can form stable inclusion complexes with various drugs. Complexation allows the optimization of drug delivery of such drugs, and to solve problems due to undesirable properties such as instability, poor organoleptic characteristics or irritation.
- Influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on brain function: a systematic reviewPublication . Almeida, Cátia; Oliveira, Rita; Soares, Raquel; Barata, PedroBackground: For almost a century it has been recognized that human possess a varied and dens microbial ecosystem called the human microbiota, yet we are still beginning to understand many of the roles that these microorganisms play in human health and development. It is thought that under certain circumstances such as dysbiosis, the microbiota can cause diseases, where the central nervous system (CNS) has an important relevance and where the “gut-brain axis” will play a major role. Aims: This review investigated the influence of the gut microbiota on brain function, trying to demonstrate whether dysbiosis influences CNS diseases or whether it is the disease that causes dysbiosis, highlighting the existing literature within this field. Methods:We performed a systematic literature search in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane combining the terms “gut microbiota,” “dysbiosis,” and “CNS diseases” to identify those whom reported some influence or relation between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and CNS diseases. For the present systematic review, we only included systematic reviews or meta-analysis. Results: The EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane were systematically searched, considering only systematic reviews or metaanalysis. Nine studies comprising 705 articles were included in this review. Those 9 systematic reviews consist in 2 about autism spectrum disorder, 1 in dementia, 1 in depression, 2 in autoimmune diseases, 1 in schizophrenia, and 2 in some altered brain function. Available data characterizing several neural diseases demonstrate a significant correlation between dysbiosis and CNS diseases, strengthen the evidence that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may correlate with abnormalities in CNS patients. Conclusions: Although there is a clear need for more investigations to better understand the role of the gut microbiota in CNS diseases, the modulation of the nervous system by the microbiota is clear, continuing to be the subject of continuous research. We need to fully understand the mechanisms by which the microbiota interacts with the human brain, and therefore what’s the connection between dysbiosis and pathologies such depression, dementia, autism, or schizophrenia.
- Veiculação de fármacos para o cólonPublication . Barata, Pedro; Oliveira, Rita; Santos, Delfim; Strusi, OrazioLuca; Veiga, FranciscoA veiculação de fármacos para o cólon tem atraído a atenção de muitos investigadores interessados no tratamento de patologias locais e no seu potencial para a veiculação de proteínas e peptídeos. Para desenvolver estes sistemas é fundamental compreender o cólon enquanto local de veiculação de fármacos, em particular a sua capacidade de absorção e o tempo necessário para o atingir. Dois tipos de abordagens podem ser utilizados, libertação retardada ou libertação específica no cólon. O primeiro caso é menos específico e consiste em formulações preparadas de forma a retardar a libertação de fármaco até o sistema farmacêutico atingir o cólon. O segundo caso explora as propriedades de pH, actividade enzimática e pressão intraluminal do cólon para promover a libertação colónica de fármacos. Colon targeting has been attracting interest for those interested in treating local pathologies and administrating proteins and peptides. In order to develop these systems a perfect understanding of the colonic region is compulsory. two main strategies are used: delayed release and specific release. the first one, less specific, consists in postponing release from the system until it reaches de colon. the second one uses colon properties as pH, enzymatic activity and intraluminal pressure to trigger colonic drug release.
- Development of a platform to align education and practice: bridging Academia and the profession in PortugalPublication . Alves da Costa, Filipa; Martins, Ana Paula; Veiga, Francisco; Ramalhinho, Isabel; Sousa Lobo, José Manuel; Rodrigues, Luís; Granadeiro, Luiza; Castro, Matilde; Barata, Pedro; Gomes, Perpétua; Seabra, Vítor; Caramona, Maria MargaridaLimited fitness for practice may result from a mismatch between education and practice. Aiming to meet the common interests of academics and practitioners, the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society (PPS) developed the Education and Practice Platform (EPP). The EPP includes one representative from each pharmacy faculty, and all Councils of Speciality Boards of Practice. Brainstorming with involved parties enabled sharing of interests, concerns and identifying a common path. Aims, mission, vision and values were set. The EPP's mission is to: act as an enabler to foster the quality and adequacy of education through sharing best practices, ultimately leading to facilitate professional integration, and to foster quality development in teaching practices with recognition for autonomy in freedom to teach and to learn. Its vision is an alignment of education and practice with the PPS' statutes to ensure validation of the competences defined for each practice area, and compliance with international guidance. Key performance indicators (KPIs) were set. Activities developed include the creation of a national forum to discuss education and practice, development of workshops on teaching methods and pharmacy internships, enhanced representation in international events and response to global and national requests. Ongoing work focuses on the creation of a common training framework in hospital and community pharmacy practice adapted to Portugal. The EPP is a worldwide case study, encouraging the development of discussion contributing to an open climate of sharing best practices, indirectly leading to foster a better alignment between education and practice. Many of these results are so far intangible in scientific terms but worth describing.
- Estabilidade dos medicamentos manipuladosPublication . Pombal, Rute; Barata, Pedro; Oliveira, RitaActualmente assiste-se a uma cada vez maior solicitação dos Medicamentos Manipulados, principalmente com o objectivo de encontrar soluções terapêuticas não oferecidas pela Indústria Farmacêutica. A Manipulação Magistral de Medicamentos deve obedecer a vários parâmetros que são determinados pela legislação e por diferentes Farmacopeias. Esses parâmetros visam o garante da qualidade, segurança e eficácia destes medicamentos sendo a sua estabilidade um factor chave. Este artigo visa apresentar os principais factores que condicionam a estabilidade dos medicamentos manipulados e condicionam a atribuição de um prazo de validade aos mesmos. Nowadays there is an increase in the request for compounded medicines or extemporaneous formulations, mainly for situations that are not covered by the Pharmaceutical Industry. Compounded medicines must follow quality parameters that are required by law and are included in different pharmacopoeias. This review aims to present the main factors that condition compounded formulations stability and hence determine expiry dates.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in muscle injuriesPublication . Cervaens, Mariana; Marques, Franklim; Camacho, Óscar; Barata, PedroOxygen is a drug with several therapeutic applications. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) consists in the administration of oxygen, at pressures superior than 1 atmosphere inside a sealed chamber. The growing interest on HBO generated many studies that demonstrated its clinical interest in several pathologies and its safety. In the field of muscle injuries treatment, HBO is promising but more studies are necessary. O oxigénio é um fármaco com inúmeras aplicações terapêuticas. A Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica consiste na administração de oxigénio, a pressões superiores a 1 atmosfera dentro de uma câmara hermética. O crescente interesse pela Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica tem levado a diversos estudos que demonstram o seu interesse terapêutico em diversas patologias e a sua segurança. No campo do tratamento de lesões musculares a OTH parece ser promissora mas são necessários mais estudos nesta área.
- Chapter 5: Stimuli-responsive nanosystems for drug-targeted deliveryPublication . Lopes, Carla Martins; Barata, Pedro; Oliveira, Rita
- Antiangiogenic and antioxidant in vitro properties of hydroethanolic extract from açaí (Euterpe oleracea) dietary powder supplementPublication . Costa, Raquel; Azevedo, Daniela; Barata, Pedro; Soares, Raquel; Guido, Luís F.; Carvalho, Daniel O.The Euterpe oleracea fruit (açaí) is a promising source of polyphenols with health-promoting properties. To our knowledge, few studies have focused on the influence of açaí phytochemicals on angiogenesis, with a significant impact on cancer. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile of a purple açaí hydroethanolic extract (AHE) obtained from a commercial dietary powder supplement by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and evaluate its in vitro effects on distinct angiogenic steps during vessel growth and on oxidative markers in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). The phenolic profile of AHE revealed the presence of significant levels of anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and other flavonoids with promising health effects. The in vitro studies demonstrated that AHE exerts antiangiogenic activity with no cytotoxic effect. The AHE was able to decrease HMEC-1 migration and invasion potential, as well as to inhibit the formation of capillary-like structures. Additionally, AHE increased antioxidant defenses by upregulating superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities, accompanied by a reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species. These data bring new insights into the potential application of angiogenic inhibitors present in AHE on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
- Overview on gastroretentive drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailabilityPublication . Lopes, Carla Martins; Bettencourt, Catarina; Rossi, Alessandra; Buttini, Francesca; Barata, PedroIn recent decades, many efforts have been made in order to improve drug bioavailability after oral administration. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are a good example; they emerged to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of drugs with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract and/or to promote local activity in the stomach and duodenum. Several strategies are used to increase the gastric residence time, namely bioadhesive or mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, high-density systems, floating systems, superporous hydrogels and magnetic systems. The present review highlights some of the drugs that can benefit from gastroretentive strategies, such as the factors that influence gastric retention time and the mechanism of action of gastroretentive systems, as well as their classification into single and multiple unit systems.
- The effects of ionizing radiation on gut microbiota, a systematic reviewPublication . Fernandes, Ana; Oliveira, Ana; Soares, Raquel; Barata, PedroBackground: The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can be precipitated by various factors and is known to be associated with various diseases. Humans are daily exposed to ionizing radiation from ambient and medical procedures, and gastrointestinal side effects are not rare. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Primary outcomes were changes in composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota after ionizing radiation exposure. Standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane were used. Results: A total of 2929 nonduplicated records were identified, and based on the inclusion criteria, 11 studies were considered. Studies were heterogeneous, with differences in population and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence for an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis: reduction in microbiota diversity and richness, increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance (Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria), and decrease in beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium). Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of considering the influence of ionizing radiation exposure on gut microbiota, especially when considering the side effects of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. Better knowledge of these effects, with larger population studies, is needed.
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