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- The structure and contents of the helping relationship as a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention: a modified e‐Delphi studyPublication . Ferreira Coelho, Joana Catarina; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lleixá-Fortuño, Mar; Roldan-Merino, JuanPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the content validity of the helping relationship as a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention. Design and Methods: The present research work is a modified e‐Delphi study. A total of 205 experts were identified between January and May 2018, and a questionnaire was sent to all of them in different rounds. Findings: The nurse must have specific knowledge (self‐knowledge and knowledge about the person) and attitudes (empathy and respect) to be able to carry out the intervention. The helping relationship can address different nursing diagnoses, such as anxiety or depressed mood, and it can be developed in a set of sessions with specific objectives and contents. Practice Implications: The systematization of the helping relationship creates the conditions for its implementation in clinical practice enabling an evidence‐based practice that results in the improvement of care.
- Intervenções de enfermagem NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico: Conversão em linguagem classificada CIPE® versão 2Publication . Sampaio, FranciscoCONTEXTO: Em Portugal, apesar de ter já sido realizado um estudo tendo para identificação das intervenções NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico, as mesmas não foram ainda convertidas para linguagem CIPE®. Desse modo, torna-se inviável a sua parametrização nos sistemas de informação de Enfermagem e, consequentemente, não é possível proceder à documentação do planeamento e execução das mesmas por parte dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica (ESMP). OBJETIVO: Converter as intervenções de Enfermagem de âmbito psicoterapêutico integradas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC) em linguagem classificada CIPE® Versão 2. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, utilizando o método Fehring associado ao método e-Delphi modificado. Amostra não probabilística de 21 peritos em ESMP selecionados intencionalmente. Para avaliar o grau de concordância com as propostas de conversão, recorreu-se a uma escala de Likert em que 1 = Discordo Totalmente e 5 = Concordo Totalmente. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma proposta de conversão das intervenções NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico em linguagem CIPE® obteve um consenso perfeito entre o grupo de peritos. Propostas de conversão como "Treinar o Comportamento Assertivo", "Promover a Autoestima" ou "Treinar o Autocontrolo Impulso" obtiveram um nível de consenso elevado (média ≥0,80 e <1). Outras propostas de conversão, como "Assistir o Indivíduo a Minimizar o Stress Disfuncional por Mudança de Ambiente" ou "Hipnotizar o Indivíduo" apresentaram um nível de consenso moderado (média >0,50 e <0,80). CONCLUSÕES: Onze (11) propostas obtiveram um grau de consenso elevado, sendo que as restantes 19 apresentaram um consenso moderado. Assim, estas parecem tratar-se de intervenções que poderão vir a ser parametrizadas nos sistemas de informação de Enfermagem.
- Enfermagem em saúde mental: diagnósticos e intervençõesPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco
- Review of mental health first aid programsPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Ribeiro, Isilda; Parola, VítorMental health first aid programs are interventions to empower the community to help people with mental health problems/ crises. A review of these programs was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Published and unpublished works from 2009 to 2019 were considered. The review included 252 studies. Several Mental Health First Aid programs were identified, with varying characteristics, participants, and contexts of implementation. These group interventions were carried out among lay people to health professionals, and in adolescents to the elderly. Additionally, they were conducted in-person and/or virtually, using psychoeducational methods and informational materials. The programs ranged from 30 minutes to 24 hours. These interventions can address nursing foci, and the characteristics of the facilitators are similar to those of mental health nurses. Therefore, this review highlighted the opportunity for nurses to explore Mental Health First Aid programs.
- Portuguese nurses’ stress, anxiety, and depression reduction strategies during the COVID-19 outbreakPublication . Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Teixeira, L.; Fonseca, César João Vicente da; Lopes, ManuelThe COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to mental health problems worldwide. Nurses are particularly prone to stress because they directly care for individuals with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. The aims of this study were (a) to explore the association between the mental health promotion strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak and their symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; (b) to compare the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress of mental health nurses to those of non-mental health nurses; and (c) to compare the frequency of use of mental health strategies of mental health nurses to those of non-mental health nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 821 nurses. Univariate and multivariate regression models were developed to identify potential protective factors of depression, anxiety, and stress. The chi-square test was also used to compare the use of strategies among mental health and non-mental health nurses. Portuguese nurses demonstrated high symptoms of depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety. Healthy eating, physical activity, rest between shifts, maintaining social contacts, verbalizing feelings/emotions, and spending less time searching for information about COVID-19 were associated with better mental health. Mental health nurses had less depression, anxiety, and stress, and used more strategies to promote mental health than other nurses. We consider it important to promote nurses’ mental health literacy by encouraging them to develop skills and strategies aimed at improving their resilience and ability to deal with difficult situations while caring for the population.
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Mental Vulnerability Questionnaire in Undergraduate StudentsPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Barbosa, Elsa; Nogueira, M. J.; Sampaio, FranciscoPURPOSE Translate, adapt the language, and assess the psychometric properties of the Mental Vulnerability Questionnaire (MVQ) in a Portuguese population sample of young adults. DESIGN AND METHODS A psychometric validation study was performed. The sample comprised 166 undergraduate students. Factor analysis was applied to extract three indicators. FINDINGS The MVQ showed divergent validity with the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (p < .001) and convergent validity with the Mental Health Inventory including five items (p < .001). Reliability was verified through the assessment of internal consistency, evidencing positive outcomes (Cronbach's α = 0.81). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The MVQ shows psychometric properties enabling its adaptation to clinical practice and research, essential to an effective screening of mental vulnerability.
- Editorial: Mental health literacy: how to obtain and maintain positive mental healthPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco; Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Araújo, Odete; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Sousa, Lia
- Gender differences in mental health, academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability in a sample of college freshmen: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Nogueira, Maria; Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, FranciscoGender differences among undergraduates are mainly found in the prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about gender differences in academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability among freshmen. Thus, this study aimed to identify gender differences in demographics, mental health, academic life satisfaction, and psychological vulnerability of freshmen. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 560 Portuguese freshmen. An online survey was used to collect data in all 29 Lisbon District colleges. Data were collected through a demographic and academic data questionnaire, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), the Academic Life Satisfaction Scale (ALLS), the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), and a question to assess students’ perception of their vulnerability. We found significant gender-related differences (p < .05) in all subscales of MHI-38, the ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and the self-perception of vulnerability. Overall, freshmen women presented worse scores in all subscales of MHI-38, in ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and a higher self-perception of vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need to design and implement mental health promotion activities, mainly focused on the needs of freshmen women, in colleges.
- Modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em enfermagem: Princípios orientadores para a implementação na prática clínicaPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaCONTEXTO: Apesar de, em Portugal, se encontrar regulamentada a competência dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental para realizar intervenções psicoterapêuticas, não existia até agora qualquer modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem que permitisse sistematizar essa prática. Tendo este sido desenvolvido e avaliado quanto à sua eficácia, importa agora que a sua utilização seja clara para que este possa ser transposto para a prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Descrever os passos necessários para a operacionalização do modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem nos contextos da prática clínica. MÉTODOS: Este trata-se de um artigo de boas práticas no qual são apresentadas as estratégias a adotar para a operacionalização do modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem na prática clínica, bem como algumas dificuldades relacionadas com a sua utilização. RESULTADOS: Numa sessão 0 o utente deve ser avaliado no sentido de apreciar se este cumpre os critérios de inclusão e não apresenta qualquer critério de exclusão para ser intervencionado com recurso ao modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem. Após a identificação do(s) diagnóstico(s) de Enfermagem prioritário(s) (CIPE ou NANDA-I) importa compreender a origem/causa do(s) problema(s) e, de acordo com a mesma, selecionar a(s) intervenção/ões psicoterapêutica(s) de Enfermagem (NIC) a utilizar (mediante o preconizado na obra “Ligações NANDA-NOC-NIC: Condições clínicas: Suporte ao raciocínio e assistência de qualidade”). CONCLUSÕES: O modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem parece ser uma mais-valia pela possibilidade de sistematizar a prática dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental. Contudo, é ainda necessário criar ferramentas que permitam simplificar a sua transposição para a prática clínica.
- Affectivity in schizophrenia: Its relations with functioning, quality of life, and social support satisfactionPublication . Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Pereira, Anabela Maria Sousa; Chaves, Claudia; Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco; Correia, Tânia Sofia Pereira; Gonçalves, Amadeu; Ferré-Grau, CarmeObjective: To evaluate the relationship between affectivity and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, quality of life, functioning, and social support satisfaction in schizophrenia. Method: Cross‐sectional study of a sample of 282 schizophrenic patients. An interview was performed using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and scales to evaluate positive and negative affect, quality of life, social support satisfaction, and functioning. Results: Participants' employment status, gender, whether they smoked, hospitalization in the last year, antidepressant medication and benzodiazepines, quality of life, functioning, and satisfaction with social support had relationships with positive or negative affect. Conclusion: This study provides further understanding of the factors related to affectivity in schizophrenia. More studies are needed to prove these relations and their effects on rehabilitation in people with schizophrenia.