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- Mental health first aid programs: a scoping review protocolPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Ribeiro, Isilda; Parola, VítorObjective: This review aims to map mental health first aid programs and identify the characteristics and participants of such programs and the contexts of their implementation. Introduction: Mental health first aid is the help provided to a person developing a mental health problem or undergoing a mental health crisis. The first aid is provided until professional help is accessed or the crisis is resolved. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will address programs that provide basic mental health first aid skills, with no exclusion criteria in terms of participants or contexts. Methods: English, Portuguese and Spanish published studies and unpublished papers, from 2009 to 2019, will be considered. A scoping review will be conducted following the guidelines of JBI and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The search will be carried out in databases, scientific repositories and reference lists. Duplicates will be removed and two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full-text of the selected studies. Data collection will be performed with a tool developed by the researchers, based on JBI's model instrument for extracting study details, characteristics and results. A summary of the results will be presented in visual representations, narratives and tables.
- Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: a prospective cohort studyPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Teixeira, L.Objectives: To evaluate variations in nurses’ sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to evaluate whether the presence of potential risk factors influenced these symptoms over time. Methods: This prospective cohort study surveyed nurses three times – surveying personal factors, working conditions, family dynamics, and attitude towards COVID-19 – between March 31 and May 4, 2020. Nurses’ mental health was assessed through Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – short version (DASS-21); their sleep quality was assessed through a 5-point Likert scale question. Results: Nurses' sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress presented a positive variation over the COVID-19 outbreak. The only factors which are directly related to the COVID-19 outbreak and that were associated with the positive variation in nurses’ symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were the fear to infect others and the fear to be infected (higher fear of being infected or to infect someone corresponded to increased symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress). Conclusions: Although the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have had an immediate impact on nurses' mental health, a psychological adaptation phenomenon was also observed. Future research should focus on assessing nurses’ symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, after the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to compare and contrast the findings with the results of our study.
- Nurses’ perception regarding the promotion of older people's autonomy at covid-19: a descriptive correlational studyPublication . Lima, Andreia Maria Novo; Martins, Maria Manuela; Ferreira, Salomé; Sampaio, Francisco; Schoeller, Soraia; Parola, VítorObjective: To identify and compare the perception of general care nurses and specialist nurses about the development of interventions promoting older people’s autonomy. Method: Descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study. The Self-Assessment Scale for the Promotion of Older People’s Autonomy was applied to Portuguese nurses in September/October 2020. Results: The sample consisted of 356 nurses, specialists and general practitioners. All nurses had the perception of promoting older people’s autonomy, with less visibility in the development of interventions involving instrumental activities of daily living. Specialist nurses have a perception of more promotion of autonomy to older people through the development of physical and cognitive interventions (p<0.01), of interventions of instrumental activities of daily living (p<0.05), and in the training of the caregiver (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study allowed emphasizing the potential relevance of developing interventions that promote older people’s autonomy, as well as the importance of raising nurses’ awareness to carry them out.
- Validation of the self-assessment Scale of Autonomy Promotion in Older Adults (EAPAI) by nursesPublication . Lima, Andreia Maria Novo; Martins, Maria Manuela; Ferreira, Salomé; Schoeller, Soraia; Sampaio, Francisco; Neves, H.L.; Parola, VítorBackground: The promotion of older adults’ autonomy is particularly relevant in nursing care. However, no instruments were found in the literature that allowed the self-assessment of autonomy promotion in older adults. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a self-assessment scale of autonomy promotion in older adults. Methodology: This is a methodological study that included the assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties, using a sample of 360 nurses. The scale’s reliability was assessed through internal consistency and construct validity using an exploratory factor analysis (varimax rotation). Results: The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.983, ranging from 0.955 to 0.990 across the six factors identified. Conclusion: The scale presents good psychometric properties and consists of an instrument for nurses to self-assess autonomy promotion in older adults. This instrument can potentially increase nurses’ awareness in this area.
- Workplace wellbeing and quality of life perceived by Portuguese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of protective factors and stressorsPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Salgado, Ricardo; Antonini, Matteo; Delmas, Philippe; Oulevey Bachmann, Annie; Gilles, Ingrid; Ortoleva Bucher, ClaudiaDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses were exposed to many stressors, which may have been associated with some mental health problems. However, most of the studies carried out on nurses’ quality of life and workplace wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic took a pathogenic approach. Given that current scientific knowledge in this field presented too many gaps to properly inform preventive and therapeutic action, the aim of this study was to explore whether protective factors (resilience, perceived social support, and professional identification) and stressors (perceived stress and psychosocial risks in the workplace) influenced the quality of life and workplace wellbeing perceived by Portuguese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for this cross-sectional study was collected through online self-administered questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results showed that perceived stress, resilience and job satisfaction were associated with quality of life and workplace wellbeing among Portuguese nurses. The study’s findings could serve to inform health policy and should draw the attention of nursing managers to the needs and difficulties reported by nurses, to the importance of providing them with emotional support, and to the relevance of promoting a good work environment.
- A qualitative study exploring adolescents' perspective about mental health first aid training programmes promoted by nurses in upper secondary schoolsPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio R.Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes are educational interventions that aim to disseminate basic first aid skills in the community. Adolescents in the context of their secondary school education are a particularly appropriate population for literacy promotion interventions. This study explores adolescents’ perspectives on Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in Portuguese upper secondary schools. A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 adolescents who participated voluntarily and with the consent of their parents. Data were analysed using content analysis. Fourteen themes were identified around three main areas: (i) Relevance of training programmes, (ii) Content of training programmes and (iii) Intervention methods of training programmes. The results obtained indicate that adolescents consider Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes in school relevant and necessary. Adolescents identified the content they deemed most appropriate and how it could be taught. These results can guide the development of training programmes. Nurses should take the lead in implementing these interventions in schools. Adolescents can take a more active role in mental health issues by improving their literacy.
- The structure and contents of the helping relationship as a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention: a modified e‐Delphi studyPublication . Ferreira Coelho, Joana Catarina; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lleixá-Fortuño, Mar; Roldan-Merino, JuanPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the content validity of the helping relationship as a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention. Design and Methods: The present research work is a modified e‐Delphi study. A total of 205 experts were identified between January and May 2018, and a questionnaire was sent to all of them in different rounds. Findings: The nurse must have specific knowledge (self‐knowledge and knowledge about the person) and attitudes (empathy and respect) to be able to carry out the intervention. The helping relationship can address different nursing diagnoses, such as anxiety or depressed mood, and it can be developed in a set of sessions with specific objectives and contents. Practice Implications: The systematization of the helping relationship creates the conditions for its implementation in clinical practice enabling an evidence‐based practice that results in the improvement of care.
- Intervenções de enfermagem NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico: Conversão em linguagem classificada CIPE® versão 2Publication . Sampaio, FranciscoCONTEXTO: Em Portugal, apesar de ter já sido realizado um estudo tendo para identificação das intervenções NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico, as mesmas não foram ainda convertidas para linguagem CIPE®. Desse modo, torna-se inviável a sua parametrização nos sistemas de informação de Enfermagem e, consequentemente, não é possível proceder à documentação do planeamento e execução das mesmas por parte dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica (ESMP). OBJETIVO: Converter as intervenções de Enfermagem de âmbito psicoterapêutico integradas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC) em linguagem classificada CIPE® Versão 2. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, utilizando o método Fehring associado ao método e-Delphi modificado. Amostra não probabilística de 21 peritos em ESMP selecionados intencionalmente. Para avaliar o grau de concordância com as propostas de conversão, recorreu-se a uma escala de Likert em que 1 = Discordo Totalmente e 5 = Concordo Totalmente. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma proposta de conversão das intervenções NIC de âmbito psicoterapêutico em linguagem CIPE® obteve um consenso perfeito entre o grupo de peritos. Propostas de conversão como "Treinar o Comportamento Assertivo", "Promover a Autoestima" ou "Treinar o Autocontrolo Impulso" obtiveram um nível de consenso elevado (média ≥0,80 e <1). Outras propostas de conversão, como "Assistir o Indivíduo a Minimizar o Stress Disfuncional por Mudança de Ambiente" ou "Hipnotizar o Indivíduo" apresentaram um nível de consenso moderado (média >0,50 e <0,80). CONCLUSÕES: Onze (11) propostas obtiveram um grau de consenso elevado, sendo que as restantes 19 apresentaram um consenso moderado. Assim, estas parecem tratar-se de intervenções que poderão vir a ser parametrizadas nos sistemas de informação de Enfermagem.
- Enfermagem em saúde mental: diagnósticos e intervençõesPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco
- Review of mental health first aid programsPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Ribeiro, Isilda; Parola, VítorMental health first aid programs are interventions to empower the community to help people with mental health problems/ crises. A review of these programs was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Published and unpublished works from 2009 to 2019 were considered. The review included 252 studies. Several Mental Health First Aid programs were identified, with varying characteristics, participants, and contexts of implementation. These group interventions were carried out among lay people to health professionals, and in adolescents to the elderly. Additionally, they were conducted in-person and/or virtually, using psychoeducational methods and informational materials. The programs ranged from 30 minutes to 24 hours. These interventions can address nursing foci, and the characteristics of the facilitators are similar to those of mental health nurses. Therefore, this review highlighted the opportunity for nurses to explore Mental Health First Aid programs.