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- Editorial: Mental health literacy: how to obtain and maintain positive mental healthPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco; Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Araújo, Odete; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Sousa, Lia
- Modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em enfermagem: Princípios orientadores para a implementação na prática clínicaPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaCONTEXTO: Apesar de, em Portugal, se encontrar regulamentada a competência dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental para realizar intervenções psicoterapêuticas, não existia até agora qualquer modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem que permitisse sistematizar essa prática. Tendo este sido desenvolvido e avaliado quanto à sua eficácia, importa agora que a sua utilização seja clara para que este possa ser transposto para a prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Descrever os passos necessários para a operacionalização do modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem nos contextos da prática clínica. MÉTODOS: Este trata-se de um artigo de boas práticas no qual são apresentadas as estratégias a adotar para a operacionalização do modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem na prática clínica, bem como algumas dificuldades relacionadas com a sua utilização. RESULTADOS: Numa sessão 0 o utente deve ser avaliado no sentido de apreciar se este cumpre os critérios de inclusão e não apresenta qualquer critério de exclusão para ser intervencionado com recurso ao modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem. Após a identificação do(s) diagnóstico(s) de Enfermagem prioritário(s) (CIPE ou NANDA-I) importa compreender a origem/causa do(s) problema(s) e, de acordo com a mesma, selecionar a(s) intervenção/ões psicoterapêutica(s) de Enfermagem (NIC) a utilizar (mediante o preconizado na obra “Ligações NANDA-NOC-NIC: Condições clínicas: Suporte ao raciocínio e assistência de qualidade”). CONCLUSÕES: O modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica em Enfermagem parece ser uma mais-valia pela possibilidade de sistematizar a prática dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental. Contudo, é ainda necessário criar ferramentas que permitam simplificar a sua transposição para a prática clínica.
- Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions: a review of clinical studiesPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAims and objectives To summarise current knowledge about nursing psychotherapeutic interventions in adults. Background In Portugal, the provision of psychotherapeutic interventions is considered a competence of mental health nurses. However, literature is not totally clear about the differences between ‘psychotherapy’ and ‘psychotherapeutic interventions’ and about the specific characteristics that define a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention. Design Narrative review. Methods A literature review utilising MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Web of Science, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and MedicLatina computerised databases for the period from 2003–2013. A total of 151 eligible articles were identified. Relevant data were extracted, and findings were synthetised in a narrative synthesis. Results Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions are frequently based on ‘Cognitive‐Behavioural’ rationale. The usual length of these interventions varies between 5–16 weeks, in a total of 5–12 sessions of 45–60 minutes. The mechanisms of change are heterogeneous, but the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client seems to be the most important positive predictive factor of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions. Some of the most used outcome assessment measures include the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the CORE‐OM. The effectiveness of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions has been widely demonstrated in many studies. However, the need of further studies to prove its cost effectiveness is evident. Conclusions It is necessary to have a better understanding of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, one that explains its conceptual limits, to improve mental health nursing knowledge and create suitable models of psychotherapeutic intervention in nursing. Relevance to clinical practice The findings of this review can create awareness for some weaknesses of nursing knowledge about the psychotherapeutic intervention and for the need to produce knowledge, to nurture the nursing discipline in the area of psychotherapeutic intervention with even more theoretical and practical support.
- Positive mental health in university students and its relations with psychological vulnerability, mental health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics: a descriptive correlational studyPublication . Teixeira, Sónia; Ferré-Grau, Carme; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Pires, Regina; Carvalho, J.C.; Carvalho Ribeiro, Isilda Maria Oliveira; Sequeira, Carolina; Rodrigues, Teresa; Sampaio, Francisco; Costa, Tiago; Sequeira, CarlosThis study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = −2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = −3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = −2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = −1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students’ PMH intervention needs.
- Content Validity of a Psychotherapeutic Intervention Model in Nursing: A Modified e-Delphi StudyPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAIM: To estimate the content validity of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. BACKGROUND: Mental health nurses encounter great extrinsic difficulties when it comes to providing psychotherapeutic interventions due to the fact that they are not allowed to perform such practice in some countries. In this light, the pursuit of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing seems germane to guide the professionals' psychotherapeutic practice, contributing hereof to increase mental health nurses' professional autonomy. DESIGN: Modified e-Delphi. METHODS: Data were collected from October 2015 to January 2016 by means of three rounds of online questionnaires. The initial questionnaire was structured into five sections: general structure of the model, patients' exclusion criteria, assessment framework, nursing diagnoses, and nursing psychotherapeutic interventions. From the 42 experts invited, at least twenty (20) participated in each round. RESULTS: The experts achieved consensus with regard to the conclusion that nursing psychotherapeutic interventions should always seek to address a nursing diagnosis. These defined furthermore that a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing should be exercised by means of 3 to 12 sessions using Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) as a resource. Finally, experts deemed that the model should follow the principles of integrative psychotherapy, so that techniques from different schools of psychotherapy could therefore be used in conjunction to promote the resolution of a nursing diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Achieving consensus about the structure of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing is imperative to guide nurses in the provision of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions and to enable an effective evaluation of the health gains associated with its implementation.
- Intervenções psicoterapêuticas de enfermagem NIC na prática clínica em Portugal: Um estudo descritivoPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaCONTEXTO: O Regulamento n.º 129/2011 refere que os enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica (ESMP) têm a competência para prestar cuidados de âmbito psicoterapêutico. Porém, este não especifica que intervenções psicoterapêuticas podem ser executados pelos mesmos nem analisa a realidade, a nível nacional, neste domínio. OBJETIVO: Identificar a frequência da execução das intervenções psicoterapêuticas NIC na prática clínica, a relação percebida pelos enfermeiros entre a formação e os conhecimentos e competências necessários para a execução das mesmas, a forma habitual da sua execução, e os fatores percebidos pelos enfermeiros como facilitadores e dificultadores da execução das intervenções psicoterapêuticas NIC na prática clínica. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal. Recorreu-se a uma amostragem não probabilística por redes para obter dados juntos de enfermeiros especialistas em ESMP. O número total de participantes foi de 83 enfermeiros. A colheita de dados decorreu entre maio e junho de 2014 e foi realizada por via de um questionário online. RESULTADOS: O aconselhamento foi apontado como a intervenção psicoterapêutica NIC mais realizada pelos enfermeiros na prática clínica, sendo também aquela relativamente à qual estes consideram ter tido mais formação e uma das que realizam de forma mais autónoma. A motivação individual é o fator apontado como principal facilitador para a execução de intervenções psicoterapêuticas na prática clínica. CONCLUSÕES: Tendo em vista o incremento da execução de intervenções psicoterapêuticas na prática clínica parece essencial um maior investimento na abordagem dessas intervenções ao nível formativo, bem como tomar medidas que permitam aumentar a motivação individual dos enfermeiros e garantam a existência de dotações seguras.
- Contributes for the development of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing: A focus group study in Portugal and SpainPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaPurpose To explore the aspects set forth as the minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. Design and Methods Two focus groups were conducted, with the participation of 15 nursing professionals. Data were analysed thematically. Findings Five topics previously identified were analysed: theoretical conceptualization, structure, patients’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, operationalization, and evaluation of the intervention(s) effectiveness. Theoretical conceptualization has been mainly grounded on Peplau's theory. Moreover, participants believe that standardized nursing language and nursing process should be the presumptions of the model. Practice Implications This study allowed the identification of a minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing, about which consensus must be reached with a view to its further development.
- Nursing process addressing the focus “anxiety”: a scoping reviewPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Gonçalves, Patrícia; Parola, Vítor; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaThe aim of this review was to map the body of literature on data, diagnoses and interventions addressing the nursing focus “anxiety.” A scoping review methodology was employed. The Joanna Briggs guidelines for scoping reviews and PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews were followed. Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science) located 829 articles. From the total of articles located, 165 were included. The nursing diagnosis “anxiety” can be considered a parent diagnosis, from which other children diagnoses are derived. Data that lead to nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain can be divided into cognitive and somatic data. Some interventions, such as educational and music-based interventions, seem to be useful to address nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain. The findings of this review can add substantial value for systematising the nursing process related to the focus “anxiety.” Therefore, reaching consensus regarding this nursing process seems highly relevant.
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of NOC Outcomes “Anxiety Level” and “Anxiety Self-Control” in a Portuguese Outpatient SamplePublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Araújo, Odete; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Martins, TeresaPURPOSE To adopt the language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of “Anxiety level” and “Anxiety self‐control” NOC outcomes in Portuguese adult patients. METHODS Methodological design. FINDINGS The final European Portuguese version of the NOC outcome “Anxiety level,” composed by 16 indicators, proved excellent internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was forced to three factors. The NOC outcome “Anxiety self‐control,” composed of nine indicators, demonstrated a questionable internal consistency. EFA was forced to two factors. CONCLUSIONS European Portuguese versions of the studied NOC outcomes proved to be tools with acceptable psychometric properties for evaluating anxiety in Portuguese patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This study contributed to the development of NOC language and to the enrichment of nursing's body of knowledge.
- Nurses’ perspective about the mental health first aid training programmes for adolescents in upper secondary schools: a focus group studyPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio R.Introduction: Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes performed by nurses can empower adolescents to aid people with mental health problems. There do not appear to be any studies that describe these healthier interventions aimed at adolescents in upper secondary schools. The development of these educational interventions benefits from the input of their participants and facilitators. Aim: To explore the perspective of nurses about Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes for adolescents in upper secondary schools. Method: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected from seven mental health nurses during two focus group sessions. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: Twelve themes were identified around nine main areas: facilitators, intervention foci, outcomes assessment methods, process assessment methods, participants, implementation context, duration and frequency, intervention methods and strategies, and contents. Discussion: Mental health nurses can regularly perform these classroom interventions to improve the mental health competencies of adolescents. Various educational methods can facilitate learning related to mental health literacy components, mental health nursing problems and the first aid plan. Valid and appropriate assessment methods enhance a good representation of these interventions. Implications for Practice: This evidence can guide the creation and modelling of these first aid training programmes.