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- Bioethical Reflections on the UN 2030 Agenda and its Repercussions for Teachers' HealthPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe goal of this study was to identify connections between bioethical principles, the goals set by the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the foundations for health promotion (HP), particularly when applied to university professors. In its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3—“to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”—the 2030 Agenda allows for a reflection on the connections between bioethics and HP. Bioethics and HP both value the interactions between and focus on individuals and, in this approach, the drawing of connections between these topics and the 2030 Agenda presents itself represents a way to stimulate and develop useful measures involving health, well-being, quality of life, and happiness. The results suggest that concepts such as respect for personal dignity, care, protection, sustainable actions, prosperity, peace, partnership, and solidarity were reported by professors surveyed on these topics, with impact on seeking health-related measures able to promote individual and collective well-being, quality of life, inclusion and social justice, principle which are related to bioethics and HP, and the foundations of which are clearly correlated with the 2030 Agenda.
- Perceptions of women waste handlers in Ghana, Africa: a proposal for social intervention based on the 2030 Agenda and bioethical paradigmPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Debrah, Justice Kofi; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground and objective: This study aims to identify the connections between social interventions (SI), Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) 2030 Agenda, and the bioethical paradigm, using research involving women dealing with waste in Ghana, Africa, as a background. In its SDG 5 – gender equality – the 2030 Agenda makes it possible to reflect on the connections between bioethics, gender equality (GE), and vulnerable populations. SI, in turn, reflects on the social context and the factors that guide the implementation of projects and their impacts on society, the mobilization of resources, and the generation of sustainable attitudes. These combined aspects value human interactions and focus on individuals. The design of the connections between SI, SDG 5, and bioethics is presented in this chapter to encourage and develop intervention measures focusing on the well-being, quality of life, equality, and inclusion of the women surveyed. Methodology: Exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Sample: women waste handlers (WWH) from Ghana, Africa, random sampling, non-probabilistic for convenience, CI = 95%, n = 33 respondents. Findings and conclusions: This research suggests the need to implement a social development program aimed at WWH, in line with the SI and the 2030 Agenda. The promotion of well-being, quality of life, inclusion, and equality of women are principles that are associated with the bioethical paradigm, SDG 5, and SI. The possible practical implications of this research include the formulation of a social program in line with public policies and public-private partnerships, aimed at making morally justified decisions to assess gender equity and equality of women vulnerable to risky work; development of an integrated approach between SI, SDG 5, and the bioethical paradigm in vulnerable populations, namely, in the studied population, promoting investigations and actions informed by evidence, having as a background the theme of GE; recognition of the bioethical paradigm, SDG 5, and SI as an investment and as a necessary resource to strengthen the role of women and men and to encourage and disseminate the use of gender indicators as a positive element to contribute to the formulation of interventions in populations vulnerable; formulation and implementation of the Women’s Development Program aimed at actions in public health, education, and income generation, with a focus on socially sustainable interventions.
- Building Bridges Between Bioethics and Ecological Models of Health Promotion in Higher EducationPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaUniversities are essential institutions for health promotion (HP). Bioethics, as a transversal discipline, seeks to analyze and systematize these values in an ethical way, strengthening the synergy between health and health care. The ecological models are a possibility to develop health actions in a holistic, sustainable and salutogenic way, stimulating positive aspects related to ethics, well-being, quality of life and happiness. Research with exploratory-descriptive methodology and quantitative-qualitative approach. Sample: University teachers from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, random sample, probabilistic for convenience, CI= 95%, n = 1400 persons. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil, Ethics Committee of the University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Porto, Portugal. Universities act as places for research and learning to strengthen the activities of HP. Bioethics and ecological models aim at building qualified actions in health, defending and promoting well-being, cohesion, inclusion, sustainability and social justice, with due conceptual clarity.
- Cuidado humanizado como ferramenta para a prestação de cuidados de enfermagem em urgência e emergênciaPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Couto, GermanoUma das principais preocupações nos serviços de urgência e emergência (SUE) é o desenvolvimento de abordagens humanísticas aliadas ao desempenho técnico. Neste sentido, os cuidados humanizados em saúde (CHS) surgem como uma ferramenta necessária à prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem nestes serviços de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar e refletir acerca da perceção de enfermeiros emergencistas quanto aos CHS enquanto ferramenta para a prestação de cuidados de enfermagem em SUE, a partir da utilização da escala de humanização proposta por Pérez-Fuentes (2019) como elemento norteador. A presente pesquisa obteve aprovação pela Comissão de Ética para a Saúde do Hospital-Escola da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (CES-HEUFP), Porto-Portugal sob o Parecer de número 12/2022. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado para a recolha de dados, consistiu na tradução e validação do questionário HUMAS (Health Professsional ́s Humanization Scale) adaptado para a realidade portuguesa, disponível em https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3999. O caminho metodológico constituiu-se em um estudo de corte transversal com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, amostragem aleatória, probabilística por conveniência, n = 20 enfermeiros de SUE, com Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95%. Utilizou-se como análise estatística a Análise Fatorial (AF) e rotação Varimax®, cuja retenção de cargas fatoriais foi superior a 0,40. Os Testes de Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) e de Bartlett produziram valores confiáveis acima de 0,5 e valor de prova (p) inferior a 0,001, e alfa de Cronbach (α) com índice de 0,80. A AF produziu cinco fatores que receberam titulações e foram interpretados mediante Análise Qualitativa de Conteúdo (AQC) (Bardin, 2011). Os CHS surgem como uma importante ferramenta de intervenção ao considerar os desafios éticos que se apresentam no cotidiano dos enfermeiros emergencistas e nas práticas em saúde nos SUE, uma vez que, sob esta perspetiva de atenção permanente à saúde, a humanização na prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem promove e reforça práticas integrais em saúde, apontando para iniciativas necessárias em CHS, respeitando as suas diretrizes e seus referenciais.
- Managing medical waste in Ghana – the realityPublication . Debrah, Justice Kofi; Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThis study estimates the Medical Waste (MW) generated and the handling process in six Healthcare Facilities (HF) in Ghana, Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA), and identifies the associated parameters. The data were collected by field work and MW collection, identification and weighing. The results indicate that the average rate of infec- tious MW ranged from 0.23 to 2.34 kg/bed/day (M = 0.95 kg/bed/ day), and 0.24 to 1.68 kg/bed/day for non-infectious MW (M = 0.56 kg/bed/day). An amount of 11.41 tonnes of MW were estimated in the six HF in Greater Accra and Eastern Region in Ghana, comprising 49.1% infectious MW. The results suggest that the number of outpatients/day and the size of HF are the main predictors for the MW generation. The study shows that the segre- gation of MW is not correctly practised in the studied HF since 33% used the uncontrolled combustion process of open burning and dumping to handle 0.99 tonnes (8.7%) of MW.
- Environmental bioethics, sustainable development and social responsibility in higher educationPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Pereira, Regina Célia Soares; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground: Environmental bioethics seeks to promote human health concurrently with the preservation of the environment, which, together with higher education (HE) seeks to achieve competencies focused on sustainable development (SD), social responsibility (SR) and maintenance of bioethical and environmental principles. Objective: To contribute to the reflection and articulation between the principles of environmental bioethics and their repercussions in HE, SD and SR. Methodology: Multivariate and exploratory analysis, cross-sectional design, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Sample: professors from southern Brazil, random sampling, non-probabilistic for convenience (openepi = 95% CI (%), n = 1400 professors). Approved by the Research Ethics Committees of HCPA and UFP, and CAAE 550666168.0000.5327, Plataforma Brasil. Results: The statistical analysis used was Factor Analysis (FA) and Principal Component Retention (PCR) with Varimax® rotation. The FA produced 6 PCs, categorised and interpreted using Qualitative Content Analysis by Bardin, and the MAXQDA® software, making it possible to highlight the most relevant information generated by the sample. Conclusions: Environmental bioethics and HE have common objectives that interact with human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is prudent to work on these aspects in complementary programs that address bioethical principles such as justice, equity, solidarity and dignity and that seek to promote well-being, quality of life, equity, inclusion, sustainability and social justice, encouraging SD and SR, residing in this juxtaposition the social importance of this work. The programs that advocate the bioethical approach in their actions must be worked together, and not in isolation, because, if worked individually, they do not characterise the comprehensive character recommended by the bioethical principles.
- Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na Promoção da Saúde: Considerações Bioéticas: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the health promotion: Bioethics considerationsPublication . Carlotto, Ivaní Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaProgressivamente, os sistemas de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) ingressam no cotidiano dos utilizadores. A disponibilidade de múltiplas interfaces multimídia favorece o desenvolvimento e o ajustamento de soluções em TIC destinadas a todos os aspectos da sociedade, incluindo a área de saúde. Para enfrentar os desafios do avanço adaptativo e contínuo das TIC nesta matéria, algumas questões tornam-se relevantes para a implementação bem-sucedida de soluções de cuidados de saúde fundamentadas em tecnologia digital. À luz do envelhecimento das sociedades que enfrentam a proximidade da vigilância on-line permanente, diferentes requisitos e expectativas dos usuários finais devem ser considerados pelas partes interessadas, envolvendo o grau de inovação dos aplicativos, conveniência, qualidade das informações de saúde, educação e inclusão digital do paciente, aceitação e aderência, assim como segurança e privacidade dos dados. Esse cenário sugere uma atitude bioética reflexiva e cautelosa em relação às inovações tecnológicas que permeiam a eSaúde na contemporaneidade.
- Environmental education in school as a contributor for social responsibility towards the sustainability of the historical and natural heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, BrazilPublication . Pereira, Regina Célia Soares; Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Luis BorgesDeveloping pedagogical strategies that can arouse students’ interest in social and environmental issues in a playful and stimulating way are challenges for today’s educators, playing a significant role in social responsibility within school context. The objective of this study, therefore, is to raise students’ awareness to the importance of socio-environmental preservation of the historical and natural heritage of the City of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil, through sustainable pedagogical actions. Aiming to develop critical learning, three pedagogical resources related to the discipline of Cultural Heritage (CH), from the Federal Fluminense Institute, campus Cabo Frio (FFI-CF) were used: (i) an interactive dialogue (PI), (ii) a guided technical visit by nautical route, to identify the main assets of the city and (iii) the application of a quiz through the Kahoot application on mobile devices to assess learning. The target audience was 1st-year students of the Integrated High School Hosting Course (IHSHC). The exploratory-descriptive methodology was used with an ethnographic approach of a qualitative nature, where the pedagogical actions were linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Students showed interest in knowing the city’s heritage, and discussed among themselves the importance of sustainable practices to minimize anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The application of Kahoot app allowed the learning in a playful way comprising the local socio-environmental reality.
- Bioethics, health promotion and sustainability: interfaces in higher educationPublication . Carlotto, Ivaní Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground: Universities are essential institutions for health promotion (HP) [1]. As they have their own ethos and distinct cultures, they may act as potential enhancers of the conceptual frameworks of HP and interdisciplinary values such as equity, social justice and sustainable growth [2]. Bioethics, as a transversal discipline, seeks to ethically analyze and systematize such values, strengthening the synergy between health and sustainability [3]. Bioethics is a reflexive, mutually shared and interdisciplinary tool whose goal is to promote health and sustainability in an integrated and coherent way, adapting life actions in their equitable and inclusive characters. Objectives: 1) Identify how bioethics takes place in daily life and how it is possible to establish links between scientific and ethical knowledge, in order to avoid negative impacts on people's lives; 2) Describe the appropriate bioethical tools (principles) for intervention in the context of higher education (HE), HP and sustainability. Materials and Methods: Doctoral Thesis, using an exploratory-descriptive methodology, and quanti-qualitative approach [4]. Sample: University teachers from Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, random sample, probabilistic sampling by convenience, CI=95%, n=1400 persons. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (HCPA) / Brazil, Ethics Committee of the Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP) / Porto-Portugal, receiving the approval number CAAE 55066616.8.0000.5327 / Plataforma Brasil / Brazil. The interviews were carried out after receiving the informed consent from the participants, taking into account the assumptions of the National Health Council Brazil (NHC) 466-2012. Results: for beyond the principialistic formulation - charity, non-maleficence, justice and respect for autonomy [5], subjacent referentials such as solidarity, shared commitment, and health environment/sustainability were evoked, causing a positive impact on HP, individual and collective well-being, quality of life, inclusion and social justice in the University environment. Conclusion: HE upholds a fundamental role in HP for their faculty teachers. Universities act as places for the investigation and learning in a way that it invigorates HP activities [6]. Bioethics, as a transdisciplinary activity, seeks to help building qualified actions in health, which uphold and promote well-being, cohesion, inclusion, sustainability and social justice, with the due conceptual clarity that resides therein [2, 7].
- Environmental education and social responsibility for the historical and natural heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, BrazilPublication . Pereira, Regina; Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Luis Borges