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- Bioethical Reflections on the UN 2030 Agenda and its Repercussions for Teachers' HealthPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe goal of this study was to identify connections between bioethical principles, the goals set by the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the foundations for health promotion (HP), particularly when applied to university professors. In its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3—“to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”—the 2030 Agenda allows for a reflection on the connections between bioethics and HP. Bioethics and HP both value the interactions between and focus on individuals and, in this approach, the drawing of connections between these topics and the 2030 Agenda presents itself represents a way to stimulate and develop useful measures involving health, well-being, quality of life, and happiness. The results suggest that concepts such as respect for personal dignity, care, protection, sustainable actions, prosperity, peace, partnership, and solidarity were reported by professors surveyed on these topics, with impact on seeking health-related measures able to promote individual and collective well-being, quality of life, inclusion and social justice, principle which are related to bioethics and HP, and the foundations of which are clearly correlated with the 2030 Agenda.
- Perceptions of women waste handlers in Ghana, Africa: a proposal for social intervention based on the 2030 Agenda and bioethical paradigmPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Debrah, Justice Kofi; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground and objective: This study aims to identify the connections between social interventions (SI), Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) 2030 Agenda, and the bioethical paradigm, using research involving women dealing with waste in Ghana, Africa, as a background. In its SDG 5 – gender equality – the 2030 Agenda makes it possible to reflect on the connections between bioethics, gender equality (GE), and vulnerable populations. SI, in turn, reflects on the social context and the factors that guide the implementation of projects and their impacts on society, the mobilization of resources, and the generation of sustainable attitudes. These combined aspects value human interactions and focus on individuals. The design of the connections between SI, SDG 5, and bioethics is presented in this chapter to encourage and develop intervention measures focusing on the well-being, quality of life, equality, and inclusion of the women surveyed. Methodology: Exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Sample: women waste handlers (WWH) from Ghana, Africa, random sampling, non-probabilistic for convenience, CI = 95%, n = 33 respondents. Findings and conclusions: This research suggests the need to implement a social development program aimed at WWH, in line with the SI and the 2030 Agenda. The promotion of well-being, quality of life, inclusion, and equality of women are principles that are associated with the bioethical paradigm, SDG 5, and SI. The possible practical implications of this research include the formulation of a social program in line with public policies and public-private partnerships, aimed at making morally justified decisions to assess gender equity and equality of women vulnerable to risky work; development of an integrated approach between SI, SDG 5, and the bioethical paradigm in vulnerable populations, namely, in the studied population, promoting investigations and actions informed by evidence, having as a background the theme of GE; recognition of the bioethical paradigm, SDG 5, and SI as an investment and as a necessary resource to strengthen the role of women and men and to encourage and disseminate the use of gender indicators as a positive element to contribute to the formulation of interventions in populations vulnerable; formulation and implementation of the Women’s Development Program aimed at actions in public health, education, and income generation, with a focus on socially sustainable interventions.
- Building Bridges Between Bioethics and Ecological Models of Health Promotion in Higher EducationPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaUniversities are essential institutions for health promotion (HP). Bioethics, as a transversal discipline, seeks to analyze and systematize these values in an ethical way, strengthening the synergy between health and health care. The ecological models are a possibility to develop health actions in a holistic, sustainable and salutogenic way, stimulating positive aspects related to ethics, well-being, quality of life and happiness. Research with exploratory-descriptive methodology and quantitative-qualitative approach. Sample: University teachers from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, random sample, probabilistic for convenience, CI= 95%, n = 1400 persons. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil, Ethics Committee of the University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Porto, Portugal. Universities act as places for research and learning to strengthen the activities of HP. Bioethics and ecological models aim at building qualified actions in health, defending and promoting well-being, cohesion, inclusion, sustainability and social justice, with due conceptual clarity.
- Cuidado humanizado como ferramenta para a prestação de cuidados de enfermagem em urgência e emergênciaPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Couto, GermanoUma das principais preocupações nos serviços de urgência e emergência (SUE) é o desenvolvimento de abordagens humanísticas aliadas ao desempenho técnico. Neste sentido, os cuidados humanizados em saúde (CHS) surgem como uma ferramenta necessária à prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem nestes serviços de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar e refletir acerca da perceção de enfermeiros emergencistas quanto aos CHS enquanto ferramenta para a prestação de cuidados de enfermagem em SUE, a partir da utilização da escala de humanização proposta por Pérez-Fuentes (2019) como elemento norteador. A presente pesquisa obteve aprovação pela Comissão de Ética para a Saúde do Hospital-Escola da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (CES-HEUFP), Porto-Portugal sob o Parecer de número 12/2022. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado para a recolha de dados, consistiu na tradução e validação do questionário HUMAS (Health Professsional ́s Humanization Scale) adaptado para a realidade portuguesa, disponível em https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3999. O caminho metodológico constituiu-se em um estudo de corte transversal com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, amostragem aleatória, probabilística por conveniência, n = 20 enfermeiros de SUE, com Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95%. Utilizou-se como análise estatística a Análise Fatorial (AF) e rotação Varimax®, cuja retenção de cargas fatoriais foi superior a 0,40. Os Testes de Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) e de Bartlett produziram valores confiáveis acima de 0,5 e valor de prova (p) inferior a 0,001, e alfa de Cronbach (α) com índice de 0,80. A AF produziu cinco fatores que receberam titulações e foram interpretados mediante Análise Qualitativa de Conteúdo (AQC) (Bardin, 2011). Os CHS surgem como uma importante ferramenta de intervenção ao considerar os desafios éticos que se apresentam no cotidiano dos enfermeiros emergencistas e nas práticas em saúde nos SUE, uma vez que, sob esta perspetiva de atenção permanente à saúde, a humanização na prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem promove e reforça práticas integrais em saúde, apontando para iniciativas necessárias em CHS, respeitando as suas diretrizes e seus referenciais.
- Managing medical waste in Ghana – the realityPublication . Debrah, Justice Kofi; Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThis study estimates the Medical Waste (MW) generated and the handling process in six Healthcare Facilities (HF) in Ghana, Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA), and identifies the associated parameters. The data were collected by field work and MW collection, identification and weighing. The results indicate that the average rate of infec- tious MW ranged from 0.23 to 2.34 kg/bed/day (M = 0.95 kg/bed/ day), and 0.24 to 1.68 kg/bed/day for non-infectious MW (M = 0.56 kg/bed/day). An amount of 11.41 tonnes of MW were estimated in the six HF in Greater Accra and Eastern Region in Ghana, comprising 49.1% infectious MW. The results suggest that the number of outpatients/day and the size of HF are the main predictors for the MW generation. The study shows that the segre- gation of MW is not correctly practised in the studied HF since 33% used the uncontrolled combustion process of open burning and dumping to handle 0.99 tonnes (8.7%) of MW.
- Environmental bioethics, sustainable development and social responsibility in higher educationPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Pereira, Regina Célia Soares; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground: Environmental bioethics seeks to promote human health concurrently with the preservation of the environment, which, together with higher education (HE) seeks to achieve competencies focused on sustainable development (SD), social responsibility (SR) and maintenance of bioethical and environmental principles. Objective: To contribute to the reflection and articulation between the principles of environmental bioethics and their repercussions in HE, SD and SR. Methodology: Multivariate and exploratory analysis, cross-sectional design, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Sample: professors from southern Brazil, random sampling, non-probabilistic for convenience (openepi = 95% CI (%), n = 1400 professors). Approved by the Research Ethics Committees of HCPA and UFP, and CAAE 550666168.0000.5327, Plataforma Brasil. Results: The statistical analysis used was Factor Analysis (FA) and Principal Component Retention (PCR) with Varimax® rotation. The FA produced 6 PCs, categorised and interpreted using Qualitative Content Analysis by Bardin, and the MAXQDA® software, making it possible to highlight the most relevant information generated by the sample. Conclusions: Environmental bioethics and HE have common objectives that interact with human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is prudent to work on these aspects in complementary programs that address bioethical principles such as justice, equity, solidarity and dignity and that seek to promote well-being, quality of life, equity, inclusion, sustainability and social justice, encouraging SD and SR, residing in this juxtaposition the social importance of this work. The programs that advocate the bioethical approach in their actions must be worked together, and not in isolation, because, if worked individually, they do not characterise the comprehensive character recommended by the bioethical principles.
- Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na Promoção da Saúde: Considerações Bioéticas: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the health promotion: Bioethics considerationsPublication . Carlotto, Ivaní Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaProgressivamente, os sistemas de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) ingressam no cotidiano dos utilizadores. A disponibilidade de múltiplas interfaces multimídia favorece o desenvolvimento e o ajustamento de soluções em TIC destinadas a todos os aspectos da sociedade, incluindo a área de saúde. Para enfrentar os desafios do avanço adaptativo e contínuo das TIC nesta matéria, algumas questões tornam-se relevantes para a implementação bem-sucedida de soluções de cuidados de saúde fundamentadas em tecnologia digital. À luz do envelhecimento das sociedades que enfrentam a proximidade da vigilância on-line permanente, diferentes requisitos e expectativas dos usuários finais devem ser considerados pelas partes interessadas, envolvendo o grau de inovação dos aplicativos, conveniência, qualidade das informações de saúde, educação e inclusão digital do paciente, aceitação e aderência, assim como segurança e privacidade dos dados. Esse cenário sugere uma atitude bioética reflexiva e cautelosa em relação às inovações tecnológicas que permeiam a eSaúde na contemporaneidade.
- Environmental education in school as a contributor for social responsibility towards the sustainability of the historical and natural heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, BrazilPublication . Pereira, Regina Célia Soares; Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Luis BorgesDeveloping pedagogical strategies that can arouse students’ interest in social and environmental issues in a playful and stimulating way are challenges for today’s educators, playing a significant role in social responsibility within school context. The objective of this study, therefore, is to raise students’ awareness to the importance of socio-environmental preservation of the historical and natural heritage of the City of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil, through sustainable pedagogical actions. Aiming to develop critical learning, three pedagogical resources related to the discipline of Cultural Heritage (CH), from the Federal Fluminense Institute, campus Cabo Frio (FFI-CF) were used: (i) an interactive dialogue (PI), (ii) a guided technical visit by nautical route, to identify the main assets of the city and (iii) the application of a quiz through the Kahoot application on mobile devices to assess learning. The target audience was 1st-year students of the Integrated High School Hosting Course (IHSHC). The exploratory-descriptive methodology was used with an ethnographic approach of a qualitative nature, where the pedagogical actions were linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Students showed interest in knowing the city’s heritage, and discussed among themselves the importance of sustainable practices to minimize anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The application of Kahoot app allowed the learning in a playful way comprising the local socio-environmental reality.
- The virtue bioethics and its interface with the United Nations 2030 Agenda: possible reflections and its repercussions on health promotion in higher educationPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaBackground: This study sought to identify the connections between the principles related to virtue bioethics (VB), the objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN) and the references on health promotion (HP), mainly targeted at professors. Agenda 2030's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 - “Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages” - reflects on the connections between the VB paradigm and HP. VB and HP value interactions between individuals and, in this approach, establish relationships with the 2030 Agenda, providing a way to stimulate and develop useful and viable measures that involve health and wellbeing, quality of life, happiness, solidarity and empathy. Both approaches are built on this same perspective, as they interpret the human person as a being in continuous development and are respected in their integrity and their lived experiences. Objective: To present and identify the interfaces between VB and the UN Agenda 2030 as a substrate for the development of bioethical interventions involving HP in higher education. Methodology: exploratory-descriptive and quantitativequalitative approach. Sample: professors from southern Brazil, random sampling, non-probabilistic for convenience, CI = 95%, n = 1400 professors. Approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the HCPA, Brazil, University Fernando Pessoa, Portugal and CAAE 55066616.8.0000.5327, Plataforma Brasil. Results: extraction of 6 main components through factor analysis, categorised and interpreted by qualitative content analysis, according to Bardin. Conclusions: The results suggest that moral principles such as respect for dignity, health care, protection, sustainable actions, prosperity, peace, solidarity and empathy were reported by the surveyed professors, with a positive impact on their health. The promotion of individual and collective well-being, quality of life, inclusion and social justice are paradigms associated with VB and HP, and whose principles are correlated with the 2030 Agenda in their SDGs.
- Social Responsibility and bioethics in higher education: transversal dialoguesPublication . Carlotto, Ivani Nadir; Debrah, Justice Kofi; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThis chapter seeks to analyse the interface between social responsibility (SR) concepts in higher education (HE) and its connection with the bioethical approach. The idea of SR is an intrinsic aspect of the bioethical paradigm, and its role is increasingly recognized in several areas of knowledge due to its transdisciplinary and transversal reach. Bioethics, in turn, joins the concept of SR to reflect on the plural and salutogenic character of health, considering the social context in which decisions are made and the well-being of individuals. The philosophical foundations of the SR and Bioethics paradigms consider the individual as a necessary element for effective decision-making about their health and become essential to validate and implement the primary interventions carried out in health promotion (HP). In line with the concepts of SR and bioethics, sustainability emerges, which deals with human dignity and well-being in an approach of a fundamentally ethical character. Its greatest example is the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. The concepts of SR, bioethics and sustainability provide the intersection with several determinants that impact social, organizational and public policy decisions. Research involving bioethics and SR seeks to recognize and validate the transversal concepts necessary for interdisciplinarity in a perspective of joint construction to implement effective policies related to SR.