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- School personnel perception of parental involvement and students’ behavior problems: practical implicationsPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, Vanessa; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.School is a privileged context to prevent specific behavior problems. Parental involvement in school activities is crucial to promote social functioning. This study aimed to access the Portuguese school personnel perception of parental involvement and students’ behavior problems. A study with 333 school personnel, aged between 29 and 66 (M = 50.84, SD = 7.54), was developed. School personnel’s participants rated parental involvement as low and nearly one in five professionals rated student’s general behavior as bad. A significant association between parental involvement and the perception of students’ general behavior was found. 80% of the professionals rating student’s general behavior as bad also rating parental involvement as poor. Additional research into implications of parental involvement in school activities and school students’ behavior problems is necessary aiming assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies in this area.
- School diagnostic: Perceptions of educational professionalsPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.Aim: The school is a privileged context to prevent certain problems that may begin during the development of young students. The main objective is to assess the perceptions of educational professionals about the school structure, functioning, and organization, as well as students’ behaviors. Method: We developed an exploratory study using a questionnaire, applied to a sample of 81 educational agents, teachers and non-teachers, aged between 25 and 62 years (M = 45.8, SD = 10.6). Results: Despite the positive perception of the participants about the physical school environment, it is necessary to create spaces for leisure and sport, logistic conditions and multidisciplinary teams in order to maximize the overall good functioning of schools. Adding to this, participants described the participation of parents in the school life as negative; they also identified several disruptive behaviours among students and referred to a general lack of active participation in life school. Conclusion: It is important to create action plans in schools, which should be multimodal and multi-agent in order to have intervention perspectives with connected actions developed by different educational agents.
- Predicting frequent and feared crime typologies: individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilitiesPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Magalhães, Mariana; Azevedo, Vanessa; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Maia, Rui Leandro; Estrada, Rui; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.The lack of organisation in urban spaces plays a decisive role in the level of integration, communication and social bonds of the residents, impacting the citizens’ feelings of trust and security. Different personal variables and contextual characteristics have been associated with the fear of crime (FOC). The main objective of this study is to analyse how individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilities, predict crime against people and property, crime that has either happened or is feared to happen. Five hundred and fifty-four residents (M = 43.82; SD = 18.38) in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), Portugal, answered 61 items of the Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS) Questionnaire. The results of this study show that in the most frequent crime category, 72% of occurrences represent crime against property. In the feared crime category, there is a preponderance of crime against people (61%). Age of the respondents predicted the most frequent and feared crime, while sex predicted the most feared crime only. Social/environmental variables, as well as incivilities, also predict the frequent and feared crime in two typologies, i.e., crime against people and crime against property. Practical implications to reduce FOC and areas for further investigation are discussed.
- Dicionário Enciclopédico: Comportamento e Saúde MentalPublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Fonte, Carla; Alves, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Estrada, Rui; Caridade, SóniaEscrita num registo multidisciplinar, a presente obra reúne 235 verbetes, redigidos por 142 autores, especialistas nacionais e internacionais de diferentes instituições académicas e profissionais, estruturados em 4 domínios: 1) Comportamento Humano 2) Saúde Mental versus Doença Mental 3) Ciências e Constructos 4) Métodos e Técnicas Cada um dos verbetes deste livro apresenta, define e procura esclarecer, com a precisão possível, um tópico relevante relacionado com o comportamento e com a saúde mental. Se a saúde mental é um estado de bem-estar emocional e psicológico, mediante o qual o indivíduo é capaz de fazer uso das suas habilidades emocionais, cognitivas e sociais, convém não esquecer que a ausência de uma doença mental não significa que a pessoa goze de boa saúde mental. Por isso, o acompanhamento do seu comportamento diário é a melhor forma de conhecer o estado da sua saúde mental. Pensado e organizado para se constituir como um instrumento de referência para consulta, os estudantes e profissionais das áreas da psiquiatria, psicologia, enfermagem psiquiátrica, criminologia, serviço social e sociologia, entre outros, encontrarão, neste livro, um forte contributo para um maior conhecimento e evidência dos conceitos aqui apresentados.
- Abordagens contemporâneas de Violência e CrimePublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Estrada, Rui; Viana, FernandaA temática da violência e do crime, nas suas mais diversas manifestações e abordagens, tem motivado o desenvolvimento de várias pesquisas científicas e manuais de referência no nosso país e os quais se têm revelado profícuos para sumariar o estado do conhecimento e, consequentemente, apoiar e sustentar os esforços preventivos e interventivos neste domínio. Dando continuidade aquela que tem sido a estratégia de trabalho do grupo de investigadores do Observatório Permanente Violência e Crime (http://opvcufp.com/), a presente obra visa compilar/sistematizar algum do conhecimento produzido em torno de três grandes vetores - nas áreas da vitimação, violência e crime, procurando integrar fundamentalmente abordagens contemporâneas nestes domínios. Neste sentido, foram estabelecidas três grandes secções, nas quais se procura cruzar a violência e o crime com a vitimação (Parte I), com as questões de género (Parte II) e o sistema de justiça (Parte III), acolhendo um total de 12 capítulos, distribuídos equitativamente pelas três secções da obra. Nesta obra contamos com contributos de alguns investigadores do OPVC, mas também de diferentes especialistas nacionais e internacionais que se têm destacado na área de atuação com vítimas de violência e de crime.
- Direct and indirect victims of urban crime in the historic centre of Porto (Portugal): prevalence, dynamics and associated variablesPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Sani, Ana Isabel; Paulo, Daniela; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Nunes, Laura M.This study aims to quantify and characterize direct and indirect victimization and to analyse the associations between victimization and sociodemographic, criminal and environmental, social control and community variables in the urban area of the Historic Centre of Porto (hcp), Portugal. A total of 554 participants answered the “Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire” through face-to-face inquiry. The overall prevalence of victimization was 38.11%, with 17.7% being direct victims and 29.0% indirect victims. The most reported crimes were robbery, theft and offenses to physical integrity, which occurred mainly at night, on the street. The majority of victims sought police support, but satisfaction level with the authorities was low. Sociodemographic, criminal and environmental variables were associated with (in)direct victimization.
- Report presenting the first results of LookCrim ProjectPublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Sani, Ana Isabel; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro; Oliveira, Gisela; Guerreiro, Maria João; Freitas, Pedro; Estrada, Rui; Maia, Rui Leandro; Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, Vanessa; Paulo, Daniela; dos Santos, Hugo; Ferreira, Inês; Gonçalves, Maria João
- Youth victims of community violence: developmental outcomes and prevention challengesPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaCommunity violence (CV) is recognized as a complex problem, with multiple origins and expressed in variable ways, encompassing different types of violence and crimes (e.g., assault, rape, robbery), as a result of circumstances that are related to the characteristics of the environment. Due to socialization and independence processes that are part of youth developmental pathways, young people tend to spend more time away from home and on the street, becoming more exposed to violence and thus also contributing to repeated victimization processes. Different studies have shown that distinct situations may promote numerous victimization processes, with a particular impact on the developmental outcomes of youth and causing great suffering. It has been reported that exposure to violence in the community is associated with mental health issues, i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, poor academic performance, aggressive and antisocial behaviours, alcohol and substance abuse, along with multiple adverse health risk behaviours, suicidal ideation, and also resulting in subsequent homelessness in adulthood. With this review chapter, it is intended to analyse and discuss the impact that CV exposure has on youth, accompanied with practical proposals to prevent it. The concept of CV and the different types of violence and crimes that could be involved are examined, mapping the prevalence of youth affected by this form of violence, analysing the effects of exposure to CV, and concluding with initiatives aimed to contribute to the prevention against this sort of violence, and to minimize the consequences and suffering involved.
- Temporal variability of theft types in the historic centre of PortoPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Magalhães, Mariana; Paulo, Daniela; Maia, Rui Leandro; Oliveira, Gisela; Guerreiro, Maria João; Sani, Ana; Nunes, Laura M.Criminology theories imply that time is a relevant variable, especially for the prevention and intervention of criminal occurrences. Thus, the study of criminal temporal patterns has been described as being of great relevance. The present study focuses on describing and exploring the influence of temporal and seasonal variables on the occurrence of different types of theft in the Historic Centre of Porto through the analysis of official records of the Public Security Police. Significant differences were found regarding the time of day and season of occurrence, even though it is not observed for all the types of theft analysed. Overall, theft was more prevalent at night and less frequent during winter, which is congruent with previous literature and the routine activity theory. Being the first case study in Porto city, Portugal, this research may be of extreme importance for both designing prevention and intervention policies in the area, and for inspiring future research on a criminal time analysis.
- Violência no namoro e consumo de substâncias numa amostra de estudantes universitáriosPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Nunes, Laura M.; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Borges, InêsA violência íntima e o consumo de substâncias constituem duas problemáticas muito comuns em estudantes universitários, traduzindo uma importante questão de saúde pública. O presente estudo visa analisar e compreender a relação entre a violência no namoro e o consumo de substâncias em estudantes universitários. Participaram neste estudo um total de 376 jovens universitários (68.9% de sexo feminino), com uma média de idades de 21.93 (D.P.= 2.51), que admitiram estar ou já terem estado envolvidos/as numa relação amorosa. No conjunto dos/as participantes envolvidos/as em relações amorosas, 24.5% admitiu ter sofrido algum tipo de abuso íntimo e 19.4% revelou ter usado algum tipo de violência. Por sua vez, 34.8% admitiu já ter consumido algum tipo substância pelo menos uma vez na vida. Ainda que as análises de associação efetuadas entre a experienciação de violência no namoro e o consumo de substâncias não se tenham revelado estatisticamente significativas, foram apurados níveis de prevalência da violência e de consumos algo alarmantes, destacando-se o maior consumo de substâncias assumido pelas mulheres. Tais dados denunciam a necessidade de se continuar a apostar na prevenção do abuso íntimo e dos consumos junto dos/as jovens universitários/as, conhecidos que são os seus efeitos nefastos a diferentes níveis.