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- Times and spaces of crime in the Historic Centre of Porto: evidence from official dataPublication . Maia, Rui Leandro; Guerreiro, Maria João; Paulo, Daniela; Azevedo, Vanessa; Sani, Ana IsabelThe analysis of official data is a traditional strategy to study criminality in a geographic space (e.g., city, country). This work focuses on the analysis of the official statistics of crime against property at the Historic Centre of Porto, Portugal, in 2018. It addresses temporal (i.e., by period of the week, time of day) and spatial patterns (i.e., spatial analysis, typology of spaces) of crime occurrences. The database was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and by spatial density analysis. Theft was the most common type of crime, although crime types varied greatly with location, and time of the day. There were no significant differences on crime occurrences by days of the week and most crimes were reported in the afternoon. Concerning typology of spaces, most crimes occurred at linear spaces, especially robberies. Findings can be very useful for sustainable and considered urban planning, by aligning the location of material and human resources with the detection of seasonal and comparable crime patterns, enabling more efficient crime prevention in urban areas.
- Interparental violence and development of antisocial behaviors in portuguese adolescentsPublication . Simões, Margarida; Teixeira, Ana; Sani, Ana Isabel; Monteiro, Ana Paula; Martins, José Soares; Relva, Inês CarvalhoJuvenile delinquency is one of the main problems of adolescents. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the relationship between antisocial behaviors, measured by the Antisocial Conduct Questionnaire (CCA) and witnessing interparental violence assessed through the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). The sample consisted of 671 adolescents (12 and 20 years old) from the northern region of Portugal. The results indicated that female adolescents revealed to have witnessed higher levels of psychological aggression, perpetrated by both father and mother, compared to males. The results suggest a positive association between emotional and physical violence perpetrated by parents and the different types of antisocial behaviors. Overall, it was found that the more exposed to interparental violence, the more likely they are to develop conduct problems. The results stressed the importance of developing more intervention programs towards violence domestic to prevent violence in that context.
- Domestic violence and custody proceedings: an analysis of judicial decisions in PortugalPublication . Ferreira, Ana Rita; Sani, Ana IsabelPurpose To understand court decisions in custody cases involving allegations of domestic violence, a qualitative study was conducted among Portuguese family court magistrates. Methods A nonprobabilistic snowball sampling process, which involved six judges from Portuguese family courts who were authorized by the Superior Magistrate’s Court to participate in an interview, was used to construct the sample. Results When the data were analyzed, three main themes emerged, namely, the characteristics of the processes, the factors considered in the judicial decisions, and the impact of shared custody. The results also revealed several legal and extralegal aspects that infuence judicial decisions, such as the characteristics of the violence, the mediation process, and the status attributed to victims, suggesting that there are objective and subjective factors in the perpetuation of violence. Conclusions Allegations of domestic violence in custody proceedings are not uncommon, and these allegations can complicate the process and delay a decision. Eforts by one parent to restrict contact with the other parent raise suspicions of attempted alienation that tend to undermine the risk assessment. There can also be overreliance on shared custody, potentially undermining children’s safety. The negative impacts of exposure to domestic violence and the instrumentalization of children are recognized, but it is questionable whether they are being prevented to the extent advocated by the Istanbul Convention. The efectiveness of communication between criminal and family courts is also debatable, despite its importance for protecting victims.
- The participation of children and young people in the child protection system: a systematic reviewPublication . Costa, Maria João; Sani, Ana IsabelObjectives: This study aims to investigate children’s experiences regarding their involvement in the justice system and explore the different facets of their participation, the mechanisms and practices applied, and criticisms and improvements to the justice system. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted through consultation with EBSCO, Web of Science, Pubmed, and PsycArticles. Five articles were included to understand the perspectives of professionals, children, and young people regarding their participation in the justice system. Results: The children and young people involved in the justice system have negative experiences with its professionals, who doubt their ability to understand, devaluing their opinions. The children give up expressing their experiences, reducing participation and creating barriers with professionals. The children say that greater encouragement from judges reduces stress and makes the process more comfortable, increasing their participation. The professionals reveal that the mechanisms used in the system reinforced this lack of participation, despite its initial objective of integrating and including children and young people in the justice system. In general, the child’s legal guardians are better informed about their rights and procedures and have a greater opportunity to give their opinions than children and young people. Conclusions: Despite the advancement and improvement in procedures and mechanisms used to ensure children’s participation, they still have negative experiences about the system itself and the professionals, which reduces their participation.
- Violência doméstica contra a mulher no Brasil: o papel da polícia civilPublication . Azalim, Alessandra Aparecida; Sani, Ana IsabelA violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema de ordem social e o seu enfrentamento depende de uma estrutura de rede fortalecida, no qual instituições, serviços governamentais, não-governamentais e a própria comunidade devem atuar, de forma coordenada, de modo a combatê-lo. O artigo apresenta um estudo qualitativo, com carácter exploratório e transversal, que teve como objetivo geral analisar o papel da polícia civil na construção pessoal e social de (in)segurança da mulher vítima e a atuação perante o problema. Participaram no estudo 30 policiais civis, tendo a amostra sido reunida por meio de um processo de amostragem não probabilístico e por conveniência, de acordo com critérios previamente estabelecidos para a investigação. Os dados foram recolhidos através do método de inquérito por entrevista, a qual foi gravada para posterior transcrição análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados revelaram a necessidade de maior capacitação dos policiais civis para um atendimento mais especializado e humanizado das vítimas de violência doméstica. Esta atuação policial adquire relevância para a defesa de direitos humanos, para o reforço da segurança pessoal da mulher vítima e de todos os cidadãos, que buscam nas polícias um aliado no combate a esta forma de violência interpessoal.
- The relation between bullying and cyberbullying, emotional intelligence, and empathy in portuguese adolescentsPublication . Monteiro, Ana Paula; Marques, Filipa; Relva, Inês Carvalho; Simões, Margarida; Sani, Ana Isabel; Correia, EliseteBullying and cyberbullying share in their definition the pattern of aggressive and intentional conduct, characterized by a perceived or observed imbalance and repeated over time. Empathy and emotional intelligence are fundamental individual skills that can enable adolescents to develop less aggressive and more empathetic behaviors. The aim of this study is to explore the frequency of bullying and cyberbullying (victimization and/or aggression), the association of bullying, cyberbullying, empathy, and emotional intelligence, and to explore whether sex, age, educational level, and online recreational time are related to bullying and cyberbullying behaviors. A sample of 599 adolescents, aged between 13 and 21 years old, from basic and secondary schools located in the north of Portugal, participated in the study. The instruments used in the study were the Sociodemographic Questionnaire; the Bullying and Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire; the Basic Empathy Scale; and the Self-Perception of Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The main results indicated that victims demonstrate greater empathy and emotional intelligence. The results also showed that male adolescents take on more of the role of aggressors in bullying and cyberbullying, while female adolescents take on more of the role of victims. The study underscores the importance of developing and implementing prevention and intervention programs for bullying and cyberbullying, with a focus on promoting empathy and emotional intelligence among adolescents.
- Youth health trends in northern Portugal: analyzing diet, physical activity, and body imagePublication . Moreira, Teresa; Rodrigues, Sandra; Lima, Andreia Maria Novo; Ferreira, Salomé; Fernandes, Carla Sílvia; Festas, Clarinda(1) Background: In the face of global concerns regarding unhealthy lifestyles among youths, understanding dietary habits, physical activity, and weight management strategies among third-cycle students in Portugal becomes essential. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which middle school students adhere to the Mediterranean diet and assess their physical activity habits and overall weight perceptions. (2) Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Using selfreported data from a sample of 232 students aged between 12 and 18, this study delved into their dietary patterns, engagement in physical activities, perceptions of weight, and weight management approaches, measured by the KIDMED and YRB questionnaires. (3) The results demonstrated that adolescents engaged in a varied diet, and 65.5% had recently engaged in physical activity. However, 25% reported exercise-related injuries, suggesting potential safety gaps. Extreme weight management practices were minimal, but a disparity in weight perception and weight loss desire emerged, hinting at underlying societal and media influences. Gender differences in certain habits were minimal. (4) Conclusions: While students were generally inclined towards healthy habits, there are evident areas of concern, particularly regarding safety in physical activities and weight perceptions. In the future, interventions should be implemented to increase students’ literacy and raise awareness of the Mediterranean diet and physical well-being.
- Determinantes da adesão às precauções básicas no controle de infeção entre enfermeiros: uma revisão de escopoPublication . Ferreira, Maria Margarida Silva Vieira; Lima, Andreia Maria Novo; Silva, Mafalda Sofia Gomes Oliveira da; Moreira, Teresa; Teixeira, Joana MargaridaObjetivo: Analisar os fatores que influenciam a adesão dos enfermeiros às precauções padrão. Método: Utilizou-se a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Resultados: Foram analisados 12 estudos que identificaram os seguintes fatores que afetam a adesão dos enfermeiros às precauções básicas de controle de infecção: formação/treino insuficiente; indisponibilidade de materiais; falta de apoio/incentivo por parte da gestão; experiência profissional; falta de formação/educação/conscientização. Conclusão: Há uma necessidade evidente de criar procedimentos e recomendações por escrito e compartilhar essas informações com os profissionais de saúde. Isso ajudará na conscientização e na adoção de boas práticas, contribuindo para a redução do risco de infecção e aumentando a segurança do paciente.
- Risks of ecosystems’ degradation: portuguese healthcare professionals’ mental health, hope and resilient copingPublication . Meneses, Rute; Barros, Carla; Sousa, Helder; Sani, Ana IsabelHealthcare professionals constantly face situations that reflect ecosystems’ degradation. These can negatively affect their mental health. Research suggests that hope and resilience can play an important role in this scenario, since they are related to/predict mental health in highly heterogeneous samples (considering geography, age, profession, health, etc.). In this context, the aims of the present study are the following: to characterize and explore the relationship between hope, resilient coping and mental health in Portuguese healthcare professionals. Using Google Forms, 276 healthcare professionals answered the GHQ-28, the (adult) Trait Hope Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (retrospective, analytical observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research design). The minimum and maximum possible scores were reached, with the exception of the maximum score of GHQ-28-Total. Regarding Hope, 19.6% scored below the midpoint (M = 43.46, SD = 11.97); 29.3% revealed low resilience (M = 14.93, SD = 4.05); and the average of four of the five Mental Health scores (exception: Severe depression) indicates the probability of a psychiatric case. Hope correlated with Social dysfunction and GHQ-28-Total; resilient coping proved to be a (weak) predictor of four of the five GHQ-28 indicators (exception: Severe depression). The results support the need to promote the sample’s mental health, hope and resilient coping. They also suggest that stimulating resilient coping may contribute to improving healthcare professionals’ mental health. Prior research (e.g., on therapies to enhance hope, resilience and, thus, mental health), to which the current study contributes, supports optimism towards the necessary internal sustainability transition.
- Inteligência artificial aplicada ao jornalismo no Brasil: experiências e obstáculos à adoção de tecnologias inteligentesPublication . Essenfelder, Renato; Sant'Anna, EmílioO presente estudo adota uma abordagem mista de revisão de literatura, inquéritos com 77 jornalistas brasileiros e entrevista com o chefe de redação do maior periódico do país na soma de circulação impressa e digital, a Folha de S.Paulo, para reunir subsídios que permitam uma compreensão mais afinada sobre 1) o grau de conhecimento e de interesse de jornalistas sobre o que é a Inteligência Artificial; 2) os exemplos de IA aplicada ao jornalismo de que têm notícia, dentro e fora de suas empresas; e 3) a percepção de valor sobre a IA aplicada ao jornalismo. Os resultados apontam a existência de poucos exemplos de IA no jornalismo nacional; algum conhecimento dos jornalistas sobre conceitos básicos de IA e disposição para aprender mais, associada à percepção de valor que essas ferramentas podem agregar ao trabalho; e a falta de recursos financeiros como principal obstáculo para a exploração de mais recursos de IA no jornalismo – no que jornalistas e o Secretário de Redação da Folha concordam, muito embora o mapeamento indique experiências de baixo custo adotadas com sucesso por agências independentes de jornalismo dotadas de poucos recursos.