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- Long-term side effects of mandibular advancement devices in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: narrative reviewPublication . Legros, Léa Louise Antoinette; Sardinha, JoanaObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects approximately one-seventh of the world’s adult population, ranging from mild to severe apnea. Symptoms include loud snoring, compromised sleep quality, dry mouth, daytime drowsiness, and headaches. OSAS can lead to severe complications such as anxiety, depression, cardiovascular problems, type 2 diabetes, and strokes. The standard treatment involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, but some patients struggle with its tolerance. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) offer a therapeutic alternative by repositioning the mandible forward, optimizing airflow to the lungs. These devices are recommended for mild to moderate OSAS, CPAP intolerance, or frequent travelers to locations without electricity. Despite their effectiveness, MAD use is not without side effects. Up to 80% of patients report experiencing adverse outcomes, which can be classified as short-term or long-term. This narrative review aims to investigate the side effects associated with the prolonged use of mandibular advancement devices in patients with OSAS.