FCHS (DCPC) - Comunicações em Conferências Internacionais
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- A Theoretical Approach of Economic and Monetary Union: does practice vindicate liberal intergovernmentalism?Publication . Vila Maior, Paulo; noThe literature strongly suggests that the creation of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was largely influenced by the “power of ideas”, an accommodation to international markets challenges. The outcome was EMU’s political-economy inspired by the monetarist school, a considerable disempowerment of national governments. Put in the perspective of European integration theories, EMU seemed to reject liberal intergovernmentalism claims that member states’ interests are the major input to European integration developments. However, since the monetary union was launched several events showed that national governments re-captured the influence they theoretically lost with EMU. Notably the persistent breach of the Stability and Growth Pact might be the evidence that EU institutions (especially the Commission) and other societal actors lost ground to national governments. The paper asks whether the operation of EMU reflects a paradigm change in terms of European integration theories: how liberal intergovernmentalism emerged as the theory with greater explanatory potential of EMU in motion.
- The European Union as a Federal Polity?: an input to an unfinished symphonyPublication . Vila Maior, Paulo; yesFederalism is a Trojan horse of European integration: instead of giving way to a consensual characterisation of the European Union (EU), it is profoundly divisive. Some hate the concept (for long, the reverberated ‘f-word’), while for others federalism is clearly within the aims and nature of European integration. Still others neglect federalism in the EU context, as they purport a distinctive pathway for European integration, one that stands outside current, state-centric stereotypes. Left outside the realm of consensual issues of European integration, federalism is though a promising intellectual journey. The goal of the paper is to find out whether the EU currently incorporates federal elements. I am aware of the difficult task ahead, since there is no single theory of federalism. Assuming the existence of several models of federalism, the paper starts from a level playing field of federal features in order to understand whether the EU already matches with federalism. To that purpose, the paper surveys three federal criteria – legislative, teleological and institutional – and examines the EU through them. Nevertheless, additional difficulties arise for it is important to test to which mode of federalism the EU suits better (or, should one say, which mode of federalism matches with the EU?). New confederalism, cooperative federalism and regulatory federalism are the hypothesis under assessment. A methodologically coherent approach requires a final step: to seek the finalité of European integration, to put it differently, what is the EU as a polity. The paper surveys asymmetric confederation, federation without a federal state and emerging federal state as the working hypothesis.
- Is Fiscal Federalism Different in the European Union?: a comparative analysis through the allocation functionPublication . Vila Maior, Paulo; noA political-economic model largely influenced by the monetarist school inspires European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Accordingly, neither income redistribution nor resource allocation is the cornerstone of economic policy mix. That role is reserved to the stabilisation function. Among those scholars who discuss whether the EU is comparable to existing cases of “conventional fiscal federalism”, the analysis is frequently concentrated on allocation and redistribution. Despite macroeconomic stabilisation is the key aspect of EMU, the paper undergoes a comparative analysis between the European Union (EU) and five mature federations (United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, and Switzerland) as far as resource allocation is concerned. It first surveys the operation of the allocation function in these countries, concluding that there are remarkable differences when the countries under examination are measured within a centralisation/decentralisation continuum. Resource allocation is subsequently reviewed in the context of EMU to capture convergences and divergences with the federations examined – and to what extent do convergent aspects contribute to put a label on the EU in terms of fiscal federalism. The awareness that the discussion is sometimes plagued with conceptual oversight – the confusion between the desirability and feasibility of fiscal federalism in the European integration context – paves the way to the empirical dimension. The paper concludes with an input from statistical data assessing to what extent inter-state solidarity exists (or is absent) in the EU.
- European Union Citizenship: the hard road between a promising potential and bitternessPublication . Vila Maior, Paulo; noAt the outset, the paper briefly addresses European Union (EU) citizenship as enshrined in the Treaty on the European Union. Attention is paid on its transnational nature. The political symbolism attached to EU citizenship is also emphasised, as it tries to emulate national concepts of belonging at the EU level. Despite some achievements, flaws are nevertheless a major setback on the EU ambition for supranational citizenship’s limited scope. European Union citizenship is addressed through a twofold conceptual lens. On the one hand, it is measured in terms of the impact on citizens’ loyalties. Eurobarometer and other statistical data are scrutinised to draw a picture on whether citizens drive their loyalties to the EU or to the national (or even regional) levels. Therefore, empirical data provide an assessment of EU citizenship outcomes. Sixteen years of EU citizenship is a considerable time span to make this assessment. On the other hand, the paper asks whether the attempt to forge a complementary citizenship is out of context, considering the common understanding that citizenship is connected with taxation and representation. Thus, a normative approach of EU citizenship is also a reason of concern. Liberal democracies are anchored (among other things) on the “no taxation without representation” principle. I draw an extension of the aforementioned principle and ask whether the absence of significant EU taxation powers is an obstacle to effective supranational citizenship. Thus, the research question is whether EU citizenship is credible and effective if citizens don’t pay taxes to the EU?
- Incursões teóricas e clínicas sobre o funcionamento aditivoPublication . Matos, Marta
- Burnout e stress ocupacional em advogados e magistrados: a necessidade de investigação empíricaPublication . Afonso, Lígia; Queirós, Cristina
- Justiça e Assuntos Internos: um caso de governação supranacional na União Europeia?Publication . Leite, Isabel CostaA globalização tem demonstrado que os blocos económicos tendem a ser mais fortes na forma como competem entre si e outros parceiros mundiais. A União Europeia seguiu este caminho através do reforço de diferentes políticas comunitárias ao mesmo tempo que novas matérias se tornaram uma preocupação comum. Entre estas, a década de 90 apontou para matérias relativas à área de segurança interna como os fluxos migratórios, tráfico humano, asilo, drogas e criminalidade em geral. Justiça e Assuntos Internos, desde sempre considerada como uma matéria de competência nacional, passou para o grupo das mais importantes matérias comunitárias, num nível superior de governação. Este artigo pretende demonstrar até que ponto os Estados têm consciência das suas limitações no mundo globalizado e contam com as instituições da União Europeia para resolver os seus próprios problemas internos. Subsidiariedade/poder político partilhado ou decisões supranacionais parecem ser as duas opções possíveis e cada uma depende da forma como os Estados ainda se mostram capazes de lidar com o número crescente de ameaças comuns e a sua própria soberania.
- A feminização das profissões jurídicas em Portugal: um contributo empíricoPublication . Afonso, Lígia; Queirós, Cristina
- Perceptions of education professionals: contribution to characteristics, dynamics and behaviors in school environmentPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Gonçalves, Maria João; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaSchool acts as an important mirror of society, reflecting all the social transformations that are taking place. It is also a space where it is possible to use strategies in order to manage and minimize the constant difficulties of everyday life. At the same time, school environment is where the children occupy most of their time, either through participation in the distinct educational activities or in accomplishing other leisure activities. It is also the environment in which the cognitive, psychological and social capacities of young students are encouraged and improved in a structured and pedagogical way. Daily school life is characterized by a plurality of practices and dynamics that, frequently, disrupt the good school functioning, and may also have an important impact on the developmental pathways of children. Behaviours encompassing violence and indiscipline are easily identified as recurring practices in the daily life of different schools, leading to the breakdown of social bonding through the use of force and aggression. The results of a study conducted with educational agents, i.e., teachers and non-teachers, aiming to analyse the perception of these educational professionals about the characteristics, dynamics and behaviours inherent to the internal functioning of the school environment, will be presented, concluding with the main practical and preventive implications of this research.
- School surrounding spaces and school operation: a perspective from the teaching staffPublication . Caridade, Sónia; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Gonçalves, Maria João; Guerreiro, Maria JoãoSchool is an importat agent of socialization and has drawn great attention to the scientific community to identify and characterize the main dimensions that may interfere with its operation and resulting academic performance of students. Collection of information about the school environment and surrounding spaces is an underlying dimension in school environment diagnostic reports development given its documented importance on crime prevention. It is important to understand not only school spaces distribution, but also surrounding spaces characteristics, namely, presence of stores/industry/services that may disturb its operation. School location, size, arquitecture, entrances and exits are important elements to be considered in deviant behaviour prevention. In an oral presentation, we seek to show some results from a research project being developed by education agents (teachers and staff), to analyse these professionals’ perspective on how the surrounding characteristics of spaces may influence school internal operation. This study intends to delineate, develop and implement action plans that may improve shcool operation and prevent problematic and/or antissocial behaviours in this context. Practical and preventive implications will be debated at the end.