ESS (DCETS) - Artigos em Revistas Científicas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica
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- Mental Illness of the Oldest, Nutritional Status and Arterial HypertensionPublication . Sotto Mayor, Margarida; Pestana, Helena; Gorete, Reis; Santos, José Manuel dosChanges in nutritional status and high blood pressure are very common in elderly with mental disorders. Currently, the interest in knowing associated factors to those variables is to prevent morbidity and mortality risk. The study aim was to evaluate the relationship between mental disorders, nutritional status and blood pressure. It ́s a cross-sectional study in a sample of 99 elderly living in community that had a psychiatric emergency episode. Data were collected from the initial evaluation form (IE). Results show multiple pathologies, cognitive deficits, high blood pressure and change in body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: In most of the sample BMI is associated with several co morbidities and co-exists with a temporal disorientation and arterial hypertension. Prevention is the key to maintaining health and well-being.
- Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college studentsPublication . Foxcroft, David R; Moreira, Maria Teresa; Almeida Santimano, Nerissa ML; Smith, Lesley ADrinking is influenced by youth perceptions of how their peers drink. These perceptions are often incorrect, overestimating peer drinking norms. If inaccurate perceptions can be corrected, young people may drink less.
- Mental Illness and Comorbidities, Aspects of Initial EvaluationPublication . Sotto Mayor, Margarida; Pestana, Helena; Reis, Gorete; Santos, José Manuel dosMental Illness is a public problem in western societies. Recent reports say that the most frequent conditions of psychiatric hospitalization are related to elderly, over 65 years old, diagnosed with dementia, other organic disorders and depression. And we are seeing increasingly in episodes of urgency, consumption of psychoactive drugs, which can foster the emergence of other comorbidities. The aim of this study was to characterize from a socio-demographic, clinical and functional point of view, older people who staged an emergency episode in a psychiatric hospital. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 99 elderly people involved in a psychiatric emergency episode in the biennium 2013/2014 and data were collected from the initial evaluation form (IE). Results: People with dementia have more associated diseases than others with other mental Illnesses. Some are at higher risk for potential episodes of falls and loss of functionality and associated factors. Conclusion. More cognitive and functional impairment, evidenced in the functional dependency cycle. The quality of care in later age, requires a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach. Initial assessment must be complete and holistic in order to give the best care.
- Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions: a review of clinical studiesPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAims and objectives To summarise current knowledge about nursing psychotherapeutic interventions in adults. Background In Portugal, the provision of psychotherapeutic interventions is considered a competence of mental health nurses. However, literature is not totally clear about the differences between ‘psychotherapy’ and ‘psychotherapeutic interventions’ and about the specific characteristics that define a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention. Design Narrative review. Methods A literature review utilising MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Web of Science, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and MedicLatina computerised databases for the period from 2003–2013. A total of 151 eligible articles were identified. Relevant data were extracted, and findings were synthetised in a narrative synthesis. Results Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions are frequently based on ‘Cognitive‐Behavioural’ rationale. The usual length of these interventions varies between 5–16 weeks, in a total of 5–12 sessions of 45–60 minutes. The mechanisms of change are heterogeneous, but the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client seems to be the most important positive predictive factor of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions. Some of the most used outcome assessment measures include the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the CORE‐OM. The effectiveness of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions has been widely demonstrated in many studies. However, the need of further studies to prove its cost effectiveness is evident. Conclusions It is necessary to have a better understanding of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, one that explains its conceptual limits, to improve mental health nursing knowledge and create suitable models of psychotherapeutic intervention in nursing. Relevance to clinical practice The findings of this review can create awareness for some weaknesses of nursing knowledge about the psychotherapeutic intervention and for the need to produce knowledge, to nurture the nursing discipline in the area of psychotherapeutic intervention with even more theoretical and practical support.
- Quedas, idade avançada e doença mentalPublication . Reis, Gorete; Sotto Mayor, Margarida; Pestana, Helena; Santos, José Manuel dosAs quedas na população mais velha que vive na comunidade são um importante problema de saúde particularmente quando estão em situações de internamento hospitalar. De etio- logia multifatorial, pela sua gravidade e custos requerem intervenção preventiva. São re- conhecidas as repercussões na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida e os elevados custos socioeconómicos. Objetivos: identificar a prevalência de queda nas pessoas mais velhas e caracterizar do ponto de vista clínico, funcional e social as pessoas idosas envolvidas num episódio de urgência, num hospital psiquiátrico. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo quan- titativo, correlacional transversal. Estudou-se a prevalência de queda e fatores associados. A amostra foi constituída por 99 pessoas idosas envolvidas num episódio de urgência no biénio 2012/2013, num hospital psiquiátrico da zona norte de Portugal. Resultados: suge- rem uma prevalência de 38% de quedas numa população envelhecida. A perturbação men- tal e a dependência são fatores em realce. Conclusões: uma complexa interação entre múl- tiplos fatores pessoais, ambientais e sociais na etiologia de queda sugere a importância da prevenção e de programas de monitorização do risco a ela associados.
- The use of non-pharmacological interventions for the comfort of patients in palliative care: a scoping review protocolPublication . Coelho, Adriana; Parola, Vítor; Cardoso, Daniela; Escobar, Miguel; Apóstolo, JoãoThe objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the non-pharmacological interventions implemented and evaluated to provide comfort in palliative care. More specifically, the review will focus on the following questions: 1. What non-pharmacological interventions have been implemented and evaluated to provide comfort in patients with incurable and advanced diseases? 2. What are the characteristics (duration, dose and frequency) of these interventions? 3. In what contexts (home care, palliative care unit or hospice) are the non-pharmacological interventions implemented and evaluated? 4. In which populations (cancer and non-cancer patients) are the non-pharmacological interventions implemented and evaluated?
- The prevalence of burnout in health professionals working in palliative carePublication . Parola, Vítor; Coelho, Adriana; Cardoso, Daniela; Gea-Sanchez, Montserrat; Blanco-Blanco, Joan; Apóstolo, JoãoThe objective of this review is to examine the evidence on the prevalence of burnout among health professionals working in palliative care.More specifically, the review focuses on the following questions: What is the prevalence of burnout among health professionals working in palliative care? Is there a difference in the prevalence of burnout in different subgroups of health professionals working in palliative care (such as, but not limited to, nurses, physicians, social workers, psychologists)? Is there a difference in the prevalence of burnout among health professionals working in different contexts of palliative care (palliative care units, home care, hospices)?
- Comfort experience in palliative care: a phenomenological studyPublication . Coelho, Adriana; Parola, Vítor; Escobar-Bravo, Miguel; Apóstolo, JoãoPalliative care aims to provide maximum comfort to the patient. However it is unknown what factors facilitate or hinder the experience of comfort, from the perspective of inpatients of palliative care units. This lack of knowledge hinders the development of comfort interventions adjusted to these patients. The aim of this research is to describe the comfort and discomfort experienced by inpatients at palliative care units.
- Motivational interviewing for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young adultsPublication . Moreira, Teresa; Foxcroft, David R; Coombes, Lindsey; Wood, Sarah; Allen, Debby; Almeida Santimano, Nerissa MLBackground Alcohol use and misuse in young people is a major risk behaviour for mortality and morbidity. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a popular technique for addressing excessive drinking in young adults. Objectives To assess the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol‐related problems in young adults. Search methods We identified relevant evidence from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2015, Issue 12), MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2015), EMBASE (January 1988 to July 2015), and PsycINFO (1985 to July 2015). We also searched clinical trial registers and handsearched references of topic‐related systematic reviews and the included studies. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials in young adults up to the age of 25 years comparing MIs for prevention of alcohol misuse and alcohol‐related problems with no intervention, assessment only or alternative interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol‐related problems. Data collection and analysis We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Main results We included a total of 84 trials (22,872 participants), with 70/84 studies reporting interventions in higher risk individuals or settings. Studies with follow‐up periods of at least four months were of more interest in assessing the sustainability of intervention effects and were also less susceptible to short‐term reporting or publication bias. Overall, the risk of bias assessment showed that these studies provided moderate or low quality evidence. At four or more months follow‐up, we found effects in favour of MI for the quantity of alcohol consumed (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.15 to −0.06 or a reduction from 13.7 drinks/week to 12.5 drinks/week; moderate quality evidence); frequency of alcohol consumption (SMD −0.14, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.07 or a reduction in the number of days/week alcohol was consumed from 2.74 days to 2.52 days; moderate quality evidence); and peak blood alcohol concentration, or BAC (SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.05, or a reduction from 0.144% to 0.131%; moderate quality evidence). We found a marginal effect in favour of MI for alcohol problems (SMD −0.08, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.00 or a reduction in an alcohol problems scale score from 8.91 to 8.18; low quality evidence) and no effects for binge drinking (SMD −0.04, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.02, moderate quality evidence) or for average BAC (SMD −0.05, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.08; moderate quality evidence). We also considered other alcohol‐related behavioural outcomes, and at four or more months follow‐up, we found no effects on drink‐driving (SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.36 to 0.10; moderate quality of evidence) or other alcohol‐related risky behaviour (SMD −0.15, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.01; moderate quality evidence). Further analyses showed that there was no clear relationship between the duration of the MI intervention (in minutes) and effect size. Subgroup analyses revealed no clear subgroup effects for longer‐term outcomes (four or more months) for assessment only versus alternative intervention controls; for university/college vs other settings; or for higher risk vs all/low risk participants. None of the studies reported harms related to MI. Authors' conclusions The results of this review indicate that there are no substantive, meaningful benefits of MI interventions for preventing alcohol use, misuse or alcohol‐related problems. Although we found some statistically significant effects, the effect sizes were too small, given the measurement scales used in the included studies, to be of relevance to policy or practice. Moreover, the statistically significant effects are not consistent for all misuse measures, and the quality of evidence is not strong, implying that any effects could be inflated by risk of bias.
- Use of non-pharmacological interventions for comforting patients in palliative carePublication . Coelho, Adriana; Parola, Vítor; Cardoso, Daniela; Bravo, Miguel Escobar; Apóstolo, JoãoPalliative care aims to provide the maximum possible comfort to people with advanced and incurable diseases. The use of non-pharmacological interventions to promote comfort in palliative care settings has been increasing.However, information on implemented and evaluated interventions, their characteristics, contexts of application, and population is scattered in the literature, hampering the formulation of accurate questions on the effectiveness of those interventions and, consequently, the development of a systematic review.