3ERL - Books and Book Chapters/ Livros e Capítulos de Livros
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- Presentation of the Methodology Elaborated for Optical Analyses of Borehole Samples for Oil ProspectionPublication . Alpern, B.; Lemos de Sousa, M. J.; Pinheiro, H. J.; Marques, M. M.; Zhu, X.
- Workshop on "Energy, greenhouse gases and environment" proceedings, presentations and postersPublication . Lemos de Sousa, M. J.; Oliveira, Gisela; Rodrigues, Cristina; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Diogo, Miguel Tato; Barros, Nelson
- Interaction of Cr (VI) with Green Microalgae Growth: A comparative studyPublication . Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Vilar, Vítor; Monteiro, Álvaro; Boaventura, RuiMicroalgae Chlorella fusca ACOI 621, Chlorella vulgaris ACOI 879, Scenedesmus acutus ACOI 538 and Scenedesmus obliquus ACOI 550, all native from Portugal, were characterized in terms of specific growth rate. The effect of pH and the presence of Cr(VI) in concentrations up to 25 mg l-1 (50 mg l-1 for Chlorella fusca) has been evaluated. The logistic equation of population growth adequately describes the cellular growth. Experiments at pH = 6.5 and temperature around 24.5 ºC, in the absence of Cr(VI), led to specific growth rates (m) of 0.0370, 0.0284, 0.0359 and 0.0162 h-1 and maximum biomass concentrations (K) of 403.3, 369.2, 542.9 and 604.1 mg l-1 for C. fusca, C. vulgaris, S. acutus and S. obliquus, respectively. Experiments carried out with the same algae at approximately 21 ºC, also in the absence of Cr(VI), gave m values of 0.0241, 0.0357, 0.0272 and 0.0289 h-1 and K values of 292.6, 169.9, 263.1 and 327.8 mg l-1 for initial pH = 6.5 and m values of 0.0115, 0.0177, 0.0137 and 0.0158 h-1 and K values of 35.9, 3.0, 32.8 and 54.7 mg l-1 for initial pH = 7.9. Higher pH results in a significantly lower growth rate and C. vulgaris seems to be the less resistant microalgae to changes in the environmental conditions. Looking simultaneously at m and K values, the best performance in terms of growth kinetics was obtained for S. acutus and C. fusca. Growth inhibition is visible for Cr(VI) ³ 5 mg l-1 but concentrations up to 1 mg l-1 seem not to seriously affect algal growth, even increasing the C. fusca specific growth rate. For Cr(VI) < 1 mg l-1, m varies between 0.08 and 0.17 h-1, depending on the algal species. The growth of C. vulgaris is severely inhibited by Cr(VI) = 5 mg l-1. The production of metabolites is small compared with biomass production, for all Cr(VI) concentrations. The organic carbon content of algae is about 40%-50% (dry basis), except for S. obliquus (around 30%). The biomass of C. fusca and S. acutus presents the greatest sedimentation rates. The presence of high Cr(VI) concentrations negatively affects the sedimentation.
- Tecnologias CAC e Inquéritos de Percepção da Opinião Pública sobre “O papel da Captação e do Armazenamento/Sequestração de Dióxido de Carbono no Futuro da Energia na Europa”:O caso-de-estudo da Comunidade Fernando Pessoa: CCS Technologies and Inquiries into Public Perception on “The Role of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in Europe’s Energy Future“ - the case-study of University Fernando Pessoa CommunityPublication . Oliveira, Gisela; Silva, Pedro Nuno; Maia, Rui Leandro; Rodrigues, Cristina; Diogo, Miguel Tato; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Ribeiro, Nuno Magalhães; Lemos de Sousa, M. J.O carvão e outros combustíveis fósseis, continuarão a ser, por décadas, a principal matéria-prima energética para as Centrais Térmicas, não obstante os esforços para, dentro do possível, substituir os combustíveis fósseis por fontes de energia renovável.Tal como está, hoje, bem documentado, a produção de gases com efeito estufa (GEE), designadamente CO2, resulta da combustão dos ditos combustíveis fósseis, sendo que se espera ser possível mitigar substancialmente a emissão de tais gases com a aplicação das chamadas Tecnologias Limpas do Carvão.Há, pois, necessidade de promover o abatimento do CO2 através de Tecnologias de Emissão Zero ou Tecnologias Livres de Carbono, incluindo designadamente a Captura, o Transporte e a Sequestração geológica de CO2 correspondentes ao que é costume designar por Tecnologias CAC (Captação e Armazenamento de Carbono). De facto, tais tecnologias e, designadamente, o armazenamento geológico de CO2 são as únicas que, no estado actual do conhecimento, são capazes de permitir que se cumpram as metas do ambicioso programa da EU para a energia e o ambiente conhecido por “20 20 para 2020” em conjugação com os aspectos económicos das directivas relativas ao Comércio Europeu de Licenças de Emissão – CELE (Directivas 2003/87/EC, 2004/101/EC e 2009/29/EC).A importância do tema está, aliás, bem demonstrada com o facto da Comissão Europeia ter formalmente admitido que as metas supracitadas serão impossíveis de atingir sem Sequestração Geológica de CO2. Esta é, pois, uma das razões de ter sido recentemente publicada a Directiva Europeia 2009/31/EC de 23 de Abril de 2009 expressamente dedicada ao tema do Armazenamento Geológico de CO2.Ora, a questão do armazenamento geológico de CO2 implica, para além das Tecnologias CAC acima mencionadas e da sua viabilização em termos tanto técnicos como económicos, ou seja, neste último aspecto, competitiva com o sistema CELE, também o conhecimento, da percepção pública sobre o assunto. Isto é, a praticabilidade das Tecnologias CAC implica que se conheça a opinião pública sobre o tema e, naturalmente, que face a esta realidade se prestem os esclarecimentos necessários como, aliás, é reconhecido na própria Directiva Europeia 2009/31/EC.Dado que a Fundação Fernando Pessoa / Universidade Fernando Pessoa através do seu Centro de Investigação em Alterações Globais, Energia, Ambiente e Bioengenharia – CIAGEB tem ultimado um Projecto de Engenharia relativo à Sequestração Geológica de CO2 nos Carvões (Metantracites) da Bacia Carbonífera do Douro – o Projecto COSEQ, preocupou-se naturalmente, desde o início, com o lançamento de inquéritos de percepção da opinião pública sobre o assunto.Tal implicou, nesta fase, a tradução para português e o lançamento do inquérito europeu ACCSEPT que não tinha sido ainda formalmente lançado de forma generalizada entre nós. Antes, porém, de lançar publicamente tal inquérito – o que está actualmente já em curso – resolveu-se testar o método de lançamento, a recolha de dados e o seu tratamento com uma amostra correspondente ao que se designou por Comunidade Fernando Pessoa, i.e. o conjunto de docentes, discentes, funcionários e outras pessoas relacionadas com a Universidade Fernando Pessoa (cerca de 5000 individualidades).Este trabalho diz, precisamente, respeito à preparação, lançamento e análise dos resultados do dito inquérito Europeu ACCSEPT a nível da Comunidade Fernando Pessoa. Foram recebidas 525 respostas representando 10,5% da amostra. A análise de resultados foi sistematicamente comparada com os obtidos nos outros países europeus, através do projecto ACCSEPT e, bem assim, com os resultados obtidos num inquérito homólogo lançado no Brasil. The use of coal, and other fossil fuels, will remain for decades as the main source of energy for power generation, despite the important efforts made to replace, as far as possible, fossil fuels with renewable power sources.As is well documented, the production of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), mainly CO2, arises primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels. The increasing application of Clean Coal Technologies-CCTs, is expected to mitigate substantially against the emission of such gases.There is consequently a need to promote the CO2 abatement through Zero Emission (Carbon Free) Technologies - ZETs, which includes CO2 capture, transport and geological storage, i.e. the so-called CCS (Carbon, Capture and Storage) technologies. In fact, these technologies are the only ones that are presently able to conform to the ambitious EU targets set out under the “20 20 by 2020” EU energy and environment programme, jointly with the economic aspects of the EU Directives 2003/87/EC, 2004/101/EC and 2009/29/EC concerned with the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allowance Trading Scheme – ETS scheme. The European Commission formal admission that the referred targets will be impossible to reach without the implementation and contribution of geological storage clearly demonstrate the importance of this particular issue, and for this reason the EC Directive 2009/31/EC of April 23, 2009 on Geological Storage of CO2 was recently published.In considering the technical and economical viabilities of CCS technologies, the latter in competition with the ETS scheme, it is believed that public perception will dictate the success of the development and implementation of CO2 geological storage at a large industrial level. This means that, in order to successfully implement CCS technologies, not only must public opinion be taken into consideration but objective information must also be provided to the public in order to raise subject awareness, as recognized in the referred Directive 2009/31/EC.In this context, the Fernando Pessoa Foundation / University Fernando Pessoa, through its CIAGEB (Global Change, Energy, Environment and Bioengineering) RDID&D Unit, is the sponsor of an Engineering Project for the Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Douro Coalfield Meta-anthracites - the COSEQ Project, and is therefore also engaged in public perception surveys with regards to CCS technologies.At this stage, the original European ACCSEPT inquiry was translated to Portuguese and submitted only to the “Fernando Pessoa Community” - comprising university lecturers, students, other employees, as well as, former students and persons that have a professional or academic relationship with the university (c. 5000 individuals). The results obtained from this first inquiry will be used to improve the survey informatics system in terms of communication, database, and data treatment prior to resubmission of the inquiry to the Portuguese public at large.The present publication summarizes the process and the results obtained from the ACCSEPT survey distributed to the “Fernando Pessoa Community”. 525 replies, representing 10.5% of the sample, have been received and analysed. The assessment of the results was systematically compared with those obtained from other European Countries, as reported by the ACCSEPT inquiry, as well as with those from an identical inquiry launched in Brazil.
- Carvões portugueses: A revalorização moderna possível de um recurso geológico. O caso-de-estudo da Bacia Carbonífera do DouroPublication . Lemos de Sousa, M. J.; Rodrigues, Cristina; Diogo, Miguel Tato; Pinto de Jesus, A.; Mouraz Miranda, A.; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Oliveira, Gisela; Chaminé, H.I.; Dinis da Gama, C.; Arrais, C.M.Na sequência de uma síntese sobre as formações datadas do Carbonífero presentes na Bacia Carbonífera do Douro e seu enquadramento geológico, os autores descrevem os estudos modernos, nomeadamente no domínio da estratigrafia efectuados na bacia. Após o fecho das minas de metantracites da bacia (1972 na área do Couto Mineiro de São Pedro da Cova e 1994 na área do Couto Mineiro do Pejão) desenvolveram-se outros importantes estudos, designadamente na área do Couto Mineiro do Pejão, relacionados com o fim da actividade mineira, nomeadamente nos domínios de subsidência mineira e afluxos de água e seus aspectos geológicos e hidrogeomecânicos, estudos estes de que se dá igualmente relato no presente trabalho. Por fim, apresenta-se o essencial do Projecto-Piloto COSEQ elaborado com vista a definir a possível revalorização, em termos modernos, das metantracites da Bacia Carbonífera do Douro como potencial meio de sequestração geológica de CO2. Com efeito, os carvões durienses constituem, hoje, um recurso geológico abandonado do ponto de vista mineiro tradicional.
- Composting of Wood Waste Materials Generated from the Furniture Industry in PortugalPublication . Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaOne of the biggest challenges that the furniture industries have to overcome is the management of wood waste that results from their production processes. The production process of the furniture industry generates significant amounts of wood waste that is almost always sent to a municipal landfill for disposal. Moreover, this process causes costs to the industries that result from fees which are charged for transport and for the disposal of the residues on landfills. Thus, to decrease the costs and to reduce the proportion of wood waste destined to a landfill, the management of the furniture industry must considerer wood waste as a resource, rather than a problem. For that purpose there are many processes of recycling and reutilization of wood waste, including composting. Composting is an aerobic biological decomposition process that converts biodegradable solid organic matter, as wood, into a stable humus material. The material that results from the process of composting can be, for example, used as a fertilizer that, among other benefits, can improve the characteristics of soil (porosity, ability to retain water, etc.) and can act as an agent for prevention of land degradation. In this article we study the role that the composting of wood waste materials generated from the furniture industry could have in the Portuguese context and we analyze if the process of wood waste composting could be an efficient way of treatment of the residues.
- Wood-Plastic Composites Made of Recycled MaterialsPublication . Ferreira, C.; Moreira, M.; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThis paper reports the importance of the manufacturing of wood plastic composites (WPCs) due to their numerous and excellent strength properties, like workability and decay resistance. The wood-plastic composites are viewed as environmentally friendly alternatives to pressure-treated wood because of their superior weather and decay resistance and virtually unlimited life. The manufacturers of experimental composites have been using recycled high density polyethylene (HPDE), polypropylene and old newspaper fiber. These composite panels are made through air-forming and hot pressure, and exhibit excellent dimensional stability as compared to that made from virgin HDPE. We will demonstrate the importance of wood in the plastic industries as a low cost filling and we will detail the mechanic properties and the thermal stability of the thermoplastic matrix, which confers a bigger rigidity when compared to thermoplastic solids. There is a wide variety of thermoplastics, including polystyrene, low and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride, available for the production of composites, although just a few can be used for WPCs.
- O Carvão na ActualidadePublication . Lemos de Sousa, M. J.; Rodrigues, Cristina; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta
- The Role of Environmental Management in the Wood IndustryPublication . Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaWe know that increasing prices of oil, gas and electricity are clearly a great challenge for local industries. On the other hand, in response to climate changes, international legislation has been emphasizing the use of renewable energy resources in Europe. Incentive-based policies, including carbon and fuel taxes will increase the cost of non-renewable fuels, decreasing fossil fuels consumption. Putting a price on green- house-effect gases is a reality nowadays, although the European emissions trading system is still relatively recent. At the same time energy efficiency is expected to increase 20% by 2020. Wood resources may then strongly contribute to that goal. In order to achieve it, it is necessary to concentrate the existing expertise and to guarantee the commitment of stakeholders. Energy production requires raw materials to be readily available. Usually, experienced managers are involved in the procurement of fuels. To fulfill the customer’s orders, to minimize the production cost and to achieve an efficient delivery sequence are not easy tasks, since it is often necessary to balance the three goals. At the same time, the use of local wood energy resources can help to achieve rural communities development, reducing transport costs and allowing affordable energy to be used and new local tailored markets to be created. In this paper several aspects involving the forest industry are discussed; procurement issues, sustainable development and environmental impacts, are all part of the same aim.
- Os desafios da estratégia Pós-KyotoPublication . Oliveira, Gisela; Barros, Nelson A.; Lemos de Sousa, M. J.As alterações climáticas constituem um problema universal, considerado como um dos grandes desafios mundiais do séc. XXI. O estabelecimento, em 1992, da Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas, consolidada mais tarde, em 1997, com Protocolo de Kyoto, formalizou o início de um período de políticas e de estratégias internacionais de atuação para a mitigação das alterações climáticas. O presente texto debruça-se sobre o percurso internacional destas estratégias e políticas de atuação climática, até ao momento e, perante o vazio deixado com o término do Protocolo de Kyoto em dezembro de 2012, também especula sobre as possibilidades de negociação do próximo acordo internacional sobre as alterações climáticas na era pós-Kyoto.