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Modelos estratégicos na regeneração da ACRRU do Porto: na defesa da identidade urbana
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação analisa os “Modelos Estratégicos na Reabilitação da ACRRU do Porto.
Na defesa da Identidade Urbana”.
Centra-se na reabilitação e regeneração da Área Critica de Recuperação e Reconversão Urbanística
do Porto (ACRRU), constituída pelas 8 (oito) Áreas de Reabilitação Urbana, (ARU), entre as quais o
Centro Histórico, Património Cultural da Humanidade | Património Mundial da Unesco desde Dezembro
de 1996.
Analisa as políticas e modelos estratégicos de intervenção usados na reabilitação da ACRRU, na
defesa da cidade histórica, sua paisagem, seu território humanizado e seu património intangível
(dos saberes, sotaques, pregões, romarias,…), no sentido da salvaguarda do “Património Urbano”
e respetiva identidade, na resolução dos problemas e paradigmas inerentes à reabilitação e regeneração
urbana.
A reabilitação e regeneração do património passou a ter grande importância, primeiro a nível internacional
e depois nacional, através do apoio de vários organismos ministeriais criados pelo poder
central, expressamente com o objetivo de apoiar a reabilitação, associada a muita legislação tanto
do poder central como local no sentido de enquadrar e direcionar as ações a tomar nas operações
a efetuar nas áreas degradadas “da cidade”, com suas políticas aplicadas a modelos estratégicos.
O desenvolvimento de teorias e princípios subjacentes à salvaguarda do património reveste-se de
especial interesse para as orientações integradas a nível nacional e internacional dos processos das
operações de reabilitação, direcionando as políticas e modelos estratégicos a aplicar.
Alguns modelos de intervenção estratégica na reabilitação urbana foram já aplicados no território
objeto das intervenções operacionalizadas, enquadradas na realização do Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento
Urbano (PEDU), numa estratégia da autarquia de alargar o conceito da reabilitação
urbana à totalidade do território do concelho, não a limitando somente ao Centro Histórico. São
analisadas as políticas e estratégias usadas antes, durante e depois dos trabalhos do CRUARB e
nas intervenções efetuadas pela Porto Vivo - SRU – Sociedade de Reabilitação Urbana da Baixa
Portuense, SA. As questões vão desde perceber como é que um espaço reabilitado pode ser tão adequado como um espaço pensado de raiz, evitando a segregação da sociedade local com preservação dos materiais existentes, a aplicação de novos materiais e linguagem arquitetónica ao nível da construção e conceção passando pelo tipo de relacionamento entre todos os intervenientes e protagonistas no processo da reabilitação fazendo prevalecer as suas ideias em simultâneo, enquadradas numa estratégia bem definida.
A importância das politicas nos modelos estratégicos usados na reabilitação e preservação da cidade, nomeadamente na ACRRU, na humanização e preservação do seu património tangível e intangível, mantendo uma relação intercultural e socioeconómica, que todos beneficie, evitando a retirada dos habitantes locais, com perda de identidade local (gentrificação), numa cidade cada vez mais cosmopolita, acompanhando a globalidade, conseguindo com uma metodologia bem determinada, manter as origens e cultura, num repositório das ligações “memoriais” com as gerações precedentes. Os modelos podem favorecer ou contrariar o processo da identidade.
A importância da demografia, envolvimento, intervenção de equipas pluridisciplinares e da população na partilha dos ideais de uma sociedade que se pretende mais ecológica, na procura de uma arquitetura sustentável sempre com o objetivo de manter a história da arquitetura do território intacta no tempo.
O estudo, análise e caraterização dos modelos estratégicos aplicados permitiu concluir, entre outras questões que nos modelos estratégicos usados pela Porto Vivo - SRU, de base neocapitalista, são privilegiados os promotores, os grandes grupos económicos e os investidores enquanto no CRUARB o investimento foi público, reivindicando o direito à habitação e à cidade mantendo o seu caráter e identidade.
O interesse no desenvolvimento dum modelo político estratégico considerando o conceito de Cidade Criativa e Smart City na nova escala espacial de intervenção, integrada em unidades de intervenção, aumentando a reflexão sobre a complexidade e dificuldade na gestão destes territórios.
É feita uma pequena análise às causas dos fluxos turísticos, dada a sua conexão holística entre regeneração e identidade, numa perspetiva de sensibilização para os seus potenciais efeitos na cidade, confrontada com as medidas aplicadas em 6 (seis) cidades europeias; Barcelona, Veneza, Amsterdão, Copenhaga, Berlim e Paris.A dissertação fornece algumas orientações na proposta para um 4.º modelo estratégico, no sentido de melhorar as políticas, estratégias e modelos usados na dicotomia regeneração | identidade urbana ajudando a dinamizar e a melhor equilibrar as futuras operações de reabilitação e regeneração urbana evitando sempre que possível a substituição da população autóctone. Propõe a ocupação dos alojamentos reabilitados, devolutos por ex-residentes que queiram voltar e maior rigor na aplicação das teorias internacionais sobre reabilitação, evitando o “fachadismo” e a eventual introdução de tipologias com funções diferentes das existentes, sem menosprezar a legislação afeta em termos de higiene e segurança, conforto térmico, acústico e funcionalidade, partilhada pelas novas habitações, em benefício do modo de habitar, da identidade urbana e valor patrimonial, sempre coadjuvado por diagnósticos partilhados por equipas pluridisciplinares.
É apresentado o resultado do trabalho de campo sobre o tipo de ocupação e função habitacional (familiar ou turística) das frações no quarteirão reabilitado das Cardosas e eixo Mouzinho/Flores de modo a aferir que tipo de função estão a exercer perante a manutenção do seu caráter e identidade, e com os objetivos definidos no seu documento estratégico, após a recente operação de reabilitação.
Por fim são apresentadas propostas de medidas de proteção e controlo turístico tendo por base o pensamento critico e um diagnóstico retirado da literatura consultada.
Pretende-se contribuir para proporcionar uma grande pré reflexão sobre o planeamento estratégico nas operações de reabilitação e regeneração urbana na procura duma solução de modelo estratégico integrado com os problemas e paradigmas das cidades.
In the present dissertation is analyzed “The strategic models of ACRRU Porto rehabilitation. In defense of Urban Identity”. It focuses on the rehabilitation and regeneration of the Critical Area of Urban Recuperation and Reconversion of Porto (ACRRU), constituted by the 8 (eight) Urban Rehabilitation Areas (ARU), among which the Historical Center, World Cultural Heritage | Unesco World Heritage Site since December 1996. It analyzes the politics and strategic models of intervention used in the rehabilitation of ACRRU, in defense of the historic city, its landscape, its humanized territory and its intangible heritage (of knowledge, accents, parades, pilgrimages…), in the sense of safeguarding the “Heritage Urban “and its identity, in the resolution of the problems and paradigms inherent to rehabilitation and urban regeneration. The rehabilitation and regeneration of the heritage became of great importance. First, internationally and later nationally, through the support of several ministerial agencies created by the central power, expressly with the aim of supporting rehabilitation. It is also associated with much legislation of both central and local power in the sense of framing and directing the actions to be taken in the operations carried out in the degraded areas of the city, with its policies applied to strategic models. The development of theories and principles underlying the heritage protection is of particular interest to the integrated guidelines at national and international level the rehabilitation operations processes, directing as political and strategic models to apply. Some models of strategic intervention in urban rehabilitation have already been applied in the territory that is the object of operational interventions, included in the implementation of the Strategic Urban Development Plan (PEDU). The strategy of the municipality is to extend the concept of urban rehabilitation to the entire territory of the county, not only to the Historic Center. The policies and strategies used before are analyzed, during and after the work of CRUARB and in interventions made by Porto Vivo - SRU - Urban Rehabilitation Society of Porto Downtown.It is relevant to understand how a rehabilitated space can be as appropriate as a space designed from scratch, avoiding the segregation of the local society. This can be made with the preservation of existing materials, the application of new materials and architectural language in terms of construction and design through the type of relationship between all actors and protagonists in the process of rehabilitation making their ideas prevail at the same time. The importance of policies in the strategic models used in the rehabilitation and preservation of the city, beginning with the Historic Center, is its humanization and preservation of its tangible and intangible heritage, maintaining an intercultural and socioeconomic relationship, which all benefit, avoiding the loss of local identity (gentrification), in an increasingly cosmopolitan city, accompanying globality, achieving with a well-defined methodology, maintaining the origins and culture, in a repository of the connections “memorials” with the previous generations. The importance of the involvement and intervention of multidisciplinary teams and of the population in sharing the ideals of a society that wants to be more ecological, is in the search of a sustainable architecture always with the objective of keeping the history of the Architecture of the territory intact in time. The study, analysis and characterization of the strategic political models applied in the rehabilitation allowed to conclude, among other issues, with the models used by Porto Vivo - SRU, with a neocapitalist basis, that the promoters, the large economic groups and the investors are privileged. In the models CRUARB the investment was public, claiming the right to housing and the city keeping its character and identity. The interest in the development of the strategic political model considering the concept of Creative City and Smart City in the new spatial scale of intervention, integrated in intervention units, increasing the reflection on the complexity and difficulty in the management of these territories. A small analysis is made regarding the causes of tourist flows, given their holistic connection between regeneration and identity, with a view to raising awareness of their potential effects on the city, based on the analysis of the measures in progress in six (6) european cities; Barcelona, Venice, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Paris. The dissertation ends with some guidelines in a proposal for a 4th strategic model, in order to improve the policies, strategies and models used in the dichotomy regeneration Urban identity helping to dynamize and better balance future rehabilitation and urban regeneration operations, avoiding whenever possible the replacement of the native population.It proposes the occupation of rehabilitated housing by ex-residents who want to return and more rigorous the application of international theories on rehabilitation, avoiding “fachadism” and the introduction of typologies with functions different from existing ones. This can be made without detracting from legislation that affects hygiene and safety, thermal and acoustic comfort and functionality, shared by the new houses, in benefit of the way of dwelling, the urban identity and patrimonial value, always aided by diagnoses shared by multidisciplinary teams. The results of the fieldwork on the housing survey in the rehabilitated of the Cardosas Quarter are presented in order to assess what kind of function it is carrying out in the face of maintaining its character and identity and its confrontation with the objectives defined in its strategic document, after the recent rehabilitatiotion. This will be compared with the results of the rehab operation of Mouzinho-Flores central line. Finally, proposals are presented for protection measures and urbanistic control based on critical thinking and a diagnosis drawn from the literature consulted. The intention is to provide a great pre-reflection on the planning in rehabilitation and urban regeneration operations in the search for a solution of integrated strategic model with the problems and paradigms of cities.
In the present dissertation is analyzed “The strategic models of ACRRU Porto rehabilitation. In defense of Urban Identity”. It focuses on the rehabilitation and regeneration of the Critical Area of Urban Recuperation and Reconversion of Porto (ACRRU), constituted by the 8 (eight) Urban Rehabilitation Areas (ARU), among which the Historical Center, World Cultural Heritage | Unesco World Heritage Site since December 1996. It analyzes the politics and strategic models of intervention used in the rehabilitation of ACRRU, in defense of the historic city, its landscape, its humanized territory and its intangible heritage (of knowledge, accents, parades, pilgrimages…), in the sense of safeguarding the “Heritage Urban “and its identity, in the resolution of the problems and paradigms inherent to rehabilitation and urban regeneration. The rehabilitation and regeneration of the heritage became of great importance. First, internationally and later nationally, through the support of several ministerial agencies created by the central power, expressly with the aim of supporting rehabilitation. It is also associated with much legislation of both central and local power in the sense of framing and directing the actions to be taken in the operations carried out in the degraded areas of the city, with its policies applied to strategic models. The development of theories and principles underlying the heritage protection is of particular interest to the integrated guidelines at national and international level the rehabilitation operations processes, directing as political and strategic models to apply. Some models of strategic intervention in urban rehabilitation have already been applied in the territory that is the object of operational interventions, included in the implementation of the Strategic Urban Development Plan (PEDU). The strategy of the municipality is to extend the concept of urban rehabilitation to the entire territory of the county, not only to the Historic Center. The policies and strategies used before are analyzed, during and after the work of CRUARB and in interventions made by Porto Vivo - SRU - Urban Rehabilitation Society of Porto Downtown.It is relevant to understand how a rehabilitated space can be as appropriate as a space designed from scratch, avoiding the segregation of the local society. This can be made with the preservation of existing materials, the application of new materials and architectural language in terms of construction and design through the type of relationship between all actors and protagonists in the process of rehabilitation making their ideas prevail at the same time. The importance of policies in the strategic models used in the rehabilitation and preservation of the city, beginning with the Historic Center, is its humanization and preservation of its tangible and intangible heritage, maintaining an intercultural and socioeconomic relationship, which all benefit, avoiding the loss of local identity (gentrification), in an increasingly cosmopolitan city, accompanying globality, achieving with a well-defined methodology, maintaining the origins and culture, in a repository of the connections “memorials” with the previous generations. The importance of the involvement and intervention of multidisciplinary teams and of the population in sharing the ideals of a society that wants to be more ecological, is in the search of a sustainable architecture always with the objective of keeping the history of the Architecture of the territory intact in time. The study, analysis and characterization of the strategic political models applied in the rehabilitation allowed to conclude, among other issues, with the models used by Porto Vivo - SRU, with a neocapitalist basis, that the promoters, the large economic groups and the investors are privileged. In the models CRUARB the investment was public, claiming the right to housing and the city keeping its character and identity. The interest in the development of the strategic political model considering the concept of Creative City and Smart City in the new spatial scale of intervention, integrated in intervention units, increasing the reflection on the complexity and difficulty in the management of these territories. A small analysis is made regarding the causes of tourist flows, given their holistic connection between regeneration and identity, with a view to raising awareness of their potential effects on the city, based on the analysis of the measures in progress in six (6) european cities; Barcelona, Venice, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Paris. The dissertation ends with some guidelines in a proposal for a 4th strategic model, in order to improve the policies, strategies and models used in the dichotomy regeneration Urban identity helping to dynamize and better balance future rehabilitation and urban regeneration operations, avoiding whenever possible the replacement of the native population.It proposes the occupation of rehabilitated housing by ex-residents who want to return and more rigorous the application of international theories on rehabilitation, avoiding “fachadism” and the introduction of typologies with functions different from existing ones. This can be made without detracting from legislation that affects hygiene and safety, thermal and acoustic comfort and functionality, shared by the new houses, in benefit of the way of dwelling, the urban identity and patrimonial value, always aided by diagnoses shared by multidisciplinary teams. The results of the fieldwork on the housing survey in the rehabilitated of the Cardosas Quarter are presented in order to assess what kind of function it is carrying out in the face of maintaining its character and identity and its confrontation with the objectives defined in its strategic document, after the recent rehabilitatiotion. This will be compared with the results of the rehab operation of Mouzinho-Flores central line. Finally, proposals are presented for protection measures and urbanistic control based on critical thinking and a diagnosis drawn from the literature consulted. The intention is to provide a great pre-reflection on the planning in rehabilitation and urban regeneration operations in the search for a solution of integrated strategic model with the problems and paradigms of cities.
Description
Keywords
Regeneração Reabilitação Politicas Modelos Estratégia Desenvolvimento Identidade urbana Gentrificação Operações Desenvolvimento sustentável Turismo Participação Regeneration Rehabilitation Politics Models Strategy Development urban identity Gentrification Operations Sustainable development Tourism Participation