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Construir sobre o construído: reutilização de edifícios com o uso de sistemas de construção em madeira e derivados
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tese de mestrado_40116 | 39.31 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A indústria da construção civil constitui um dos principais setores com emissões de CO2, sendo responsável por aproximadamente 28% das emissões globais. Esta taxa aumenta para 40% quando são consideradas as emissões de CO2 resultantes dos materiais de construção. Neste contexto, o tipo de material utilizado na construção tem um impacto significativo na mitigação destas emissões. Em função disto e da escassez de recursos naturais, como a areia, o cascalho e os materiais para a produção de cimento, o uso da madeira na construção tornou-se uma alternativa cada vez mais atrativa.
De forma a reduzir ainda mais as emissões de carbono, é fundamental adotar uma abordagem mais sustentável. Em vez de demolir edifícios, deve-se considerar prolongar a sua vida útil, evitando a consequente emissão de milhares de toneladas de carbono na atmosfera. É possível restaurar os edifícios mantendo a sua função original ou optar pela reutilização adaptativa, onde o edifício é renovado para servir uma nova finalidade. Estas estratégias não apenas preservam recursos, mas também contribuem para um ambiente mais sustentável. Após o seu abandono, os edifícios deixam de receber a manutenção necessária, o que contribui para o seu progressivo estado de degradação e compromete, de igual, modo o terreno onde estes se localizam. Esta realidade tem um impacto negativo na paisagem e na qualidade da cidade, além de representar um risco para os cidadãos.
A presente dissertação pretende abordar o potencial da reutilização de edificado existente, principalmente da tipologia equipamento, usando sistemas construtivos de derivados de madeira, promovendo assim a sustentabilidade e reabilitação de edifícios existentes. O estudo inicia-se com uma análise ao parque edificado em Portugal, para compreender e conhecer a realidade do mesmo, essencialmente no que diz respeito a edifícios devolutos.
Em seguida, são estudados diversos sistemas construtivos à base de madeira e derivados, de modo a analisar, avaliar e compreender as suas vantagens e desvantagens para o uso na reabilitação dos edifícios. Deste modo, o estudo baseia-se numa recolha de dados e na análise das práticas da arquitetura na reabilitação, propondo a aplicação destas soluções, com base na análise da sua estrutura, construção e organização, procurando a interligação entre a reutilização e os derivados de madeira.
Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é fornecer uma compreensão aprofundada neste tema. Visa-se assim, estabelecer uma base de conhecimento que abranja as condicionantes e vantagens, até agora analisadas no contexto atual, dos sistemas construtivos de madeira e seus derivados na reutilização de edifícios. Considera-se, por conseguinte, que a interligação entre estas soluções e a arquitetura, desde a conceção até à sua conclusão, revela-se crucial para o futuro da reabilitação e a sua sustentabilidade.
The construction industry is one of the main sectors contributing to CO₂ emissions, accounting for approximately 28% of global emissions. This figure rises to 40% when the emissions associated with construction materials are considered. Within this context, the type of material employed in construction plays a decisive role in the mitigation of such emissions. Due to this factor, and in light of the scarcity of natural resources such as sand, gravel, and raw materials for cement production, the use of timber in construction has become an increasingly attractive alternative. In order to further reduce carbon emissions, it is essential to adopt a more sustainable approach. Rather than demolishing buildings, extending their lifespan should be prioritised, thereby preventing the release of thousands of tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere. Existing buildings can be restored while maintaining their original function or undergo adaptive reuse, in which they are renovated to accommodate a new purpose. These strategies not only preserve resources but also contribute to a more sustainable environment. Once abandoned, buildings no longer receive the necessary maintenance, which leads to their progressive degradation and simultaneously compromises the land they occupy. This condition negatively impacts both the landscape and the quality of the urban fabric, while also posing risks to citizens. This dissertation seeks to explore the potential of reusing existing buildings, particularly those of an infrastructural typology, through the implementation of timber-based construction systems, thereby promoting both sustainability and the rehabilitation of the built environment. The study begins with an analysis of the building stock in Portugal in order to better understand its current condition, with particular focus on vacant buildings. Subsequently, various timber and timber-derived construction systems are examined, with the aim of analysing, assessing, and understanding their advantages and disadvantages in the context of building rehabilitation. Accordingly, the research is grounded in data collection and the study of architectural practices in rehabilitation, proposing the application of these solutions through the analysis of building structure, construction, and organisation, while seeking to establish connections between reuse and timber-based materials. In this sense, the objective of the present study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of this subject. It aims to establish a knowledge base encompassing the constraints and advantages identified thus far regarding the use of timber and timberderived construction systems in building reuse. It is therefore considered that the integration of these solutions into architectural practice, from conception through to completion, is crucial for the future of rehabilitation and its sustainability.
The construction industry is one of the main sectors contributing to CO₂ emissions, accounting for approximately 28% of global emissions. This figure rises to 40% when the emissions associated with construction materials are considered. Within this context, the type of material employed in construction plays a decisive role in the mitigation of such emissions. Due to this factor, and in light of the scarcity of natural resources such as sand, gravel, and raw materials for cement production, the use of timber in construction has become an increasingly attractive alternative. In order to further reduce carbon emissions, it is essential to adopt a more sustainable approach. Rather than demolishing buildings, extending their lifespan should be prioritised, thereby preventing the release of thousands of tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere. Existing buildings can be restored while maintaining their original function or undergo adaptive reuse, in which they are renovated to accommodate a new purpose. These strategies not only preserve resources but also contribute to a more sustainable environment. Once abandoned, buildings no longer receive the necessary maintenance, which leads to their progressive degradation and simultaneously compromises the land they occupy. This condition negatively impacts both the landscape and the quality of the urban fabric, while also posing risks to citizens. This dissertation seeks to explore the potential of reusing existing buildings, particularly those of an infrastructural typology, through the implementation of timber-based construction systems, thereby promoting both sustainability and the rehabilitation of the built environment. The study begins with an analysis of the building stock in Portugal in order to better understand its current condition, with particular focus on vacant buildings. Subsequently, various timber and timber-derived construction systems are examined, with the aim of analysing, assessing, and understanding their advantages and disadvantages in the context of building rehabilitation. Accordingly, the research is grounded in data collection and the study of architectural practices in rehabilitation, proposing the application of these solutions through the analysis of building structure, construction, and organisation, while seeking to establish connections between reuse and timber-based materials. In this sense, the objective of the present study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of this subject. It aims to establish a knowledge base encompassing the constraints and advantages identified thus far regarding the use of timber and timberderived construction systems in building reuse. It is therefore considered that the integration of these solutions into architectural practice, from conception through to completion, is crucial for the future of rehabilitation and its sustainability.
Description
Keywords
Reutilização Madeira e derivados Sistemas construtivos Reabilitação Sustentabilidade diversidade e flexibilidade de soluções Reuse Wood and derivatives Construction systems Rehabilitation Sustainability Diversity and flexibility of solutions