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Publication
Relative energy deficiency in sport in young Portuguese gymnasts
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Objective: Research on energy-deficient athletic cohorts has broadened the concept of the Female Athlete Triad into the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport syndrome, that represents a spectrum of abnormalities induced by low energy availability, affecting competing athletes, in particular gymnasts. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status, body composition, including bone mineral density, of rhythmic and artistic gymnasts, during the competitive period. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire about sociodemographic data, training, food intake (3- non-consecutive days food record) and body composition (anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and bone densitometry). All participants (n=59) provided informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 for Windows. Main results: The athletes’ mean age was 12.0±2.8 years old and they trained 13.6±5.5 hours/week. They showed reduced body weight, height and body fat, and a high fat-free mass (37.0±9.8Kg; 144.9±12.4cm; 9.8±2.9%; 96.1±1.7%; respectively). Their bone mineral density estimated was 0.60±0.08g/cm², which doesn’t represent a risk to bone health. They showed an energy intake of 1370.0±454.2kcal/day and an energy availability of 35.8±15.9kcal/kg fat-free mass/day. Regarding the distribution of macronutrients, 62.7% were below carbohydrates recommendations, 67.8% exceed those of protein and 62.7% consumed fat according to the recommendations. In terms of micronutrients, vitamins D, E and K, and minerals’ consumption, such as calcium, magnesium and potassium were below the recommendations (13.9±6.2µg/day; 591.0±259.2mg/day; 165.2±51.0mg/day; 1920.4±618.6mg/day; respectively). Conclusions: Gymnasts revealed energy deficiency, as well as, low energy availability, which were reflected in their body composition. Therefore, nutritional education is urgent for gymnasts and all around them.
Description
Keywords
Relative energy deficiency in sport Nutrition Body composition Bone mineral density Gymnastics
Citation
Silva, Maria-Raquel G., (2024). Relative energy deficiency in sport in young Portuguese gymnasts, in 9º Congresso Nacional de Ginástica - 7º Congresso Internacional: Ginástica na Sociedade Global. Anais do Congresso (pp. 193-210). Federação de Ginástica de Portugal, UTAD.
Publisher
Federação de Ginástica de Portugal