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Avaliação da ingestão nutricional, composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea em ginastas
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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: O presente trabalho pretendeu estudar a ingestão nutricional, composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea de atletas de ginástica rítmica e artística, no período competitivo. Metodologia: Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso a um questionário com questões sociodemográficas, acerca dos treinos, alimentação (diário alimentar de 3 dias não consecutivos) e composição corporal (antropometria e bioimpedância elétrica). Todas as atletas (n=59) assinaram consentimento informado. Análise estatística foi realizada com Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 27 para Windows. Resultados: As atletas apresentaram uma idade média de 11.97±2.76 anos, com um volume de treino de 13.59±5.45 horas semanais. Estas possuem baixo peso, estatura e massa gorda e uma elevada percentagem de massa muscular (37.0±9.8Kg; 144.9±12.4cm; 9.8±2.9%; 96.1±1.7%; respetivamente). Respeitante à densidade mineral óssea, demonstraram uma média estimada de 0.60±0.08g/cm², não apresentando riscos para a saúde óssea. Do ponto de vista nutricional, demonstraram uma ingestão energética de 1370.0±454.2Kcal/dia e uma disponibilidade energética de 35.8±15.9Kcal/Kg MLG/dia. Quanto à distribuição dos macronutrientes 62.7% não atingiu as recomendações de hidratos de carbono, 67.8% ultrapassaram as de proteínas e 62.7% possuía uma ingestão adequada de lípidos. Já nos micronutrientes destacam-se as vitaminas D/E/K e os minerais cálcio, magnésio e potássio por ingestão abaixo das recomendações (13.9±6.2 μg/dia; 591.0±259.2 mg/dia; 165.2±51.0 mg/dia; 1920.4±618.6 mg/dia; respetivamente). Conclusões: As ginastas demonstraram uma ingestão nutricional insuficiente face as suas necessidades e baixa disponibilidade energética que, por sua vez, se refletiu na composição corporal. Como tal, reforça-se a importância da educação alimentar junto das mesmas e dos que as rodeiam.
Objective: The present study aimed evaluate the nutritional status, body composition and bone mineral density of rhythmic and artistic gymnasts’ during competitive period. Methods: The data was collected using a questionnaire about sociodemographic data, training, food intake (3- non-consecutive days food record) and body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance). All participants (n=59) provided informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 for Windows. Results: The athletes have a mean age of 11.97±2.76 years old and trained 13.59±5.45 hours/week. They showed low weight, height and body fat and a high fat-free mass (37.0±9.8Kg; 144.9±12.4cm; 9.8±2.9%; 96.1±1.7%; respectively). Regarding to bone mineral density they have and estimated average of 0.60±0.08g/cm², that it doesn’t represent risk to bone health. With reference to nutritional intake, they showed an energy intake of 1370.0±454.2Kcal/day and an energy availability of 35.8±15.9Kcal/Kg MLG/day. Regarding the distribution of macronutrients 62.7% is below the carbohydrate recommendations, 67.8% exceeds those of protein and 62.7% ingest lipids according to recommendations. In terms of micronutrients, vitamins D/E/K and mineral such calcium, magnesium and potassium stand out for ingestion below the recommendations (13.9±6.2μg/day; 591.0±259.2mg/day; 165.2±51.0mg/day; 1920.4±618.6mg/day; respectively). Conclusions: The gymnasts revealed an insufficient energy intake as well as a low energy availability which reflected in body composition. As such its important the role of nutritional education for them and all around them.
Objective: The present study aimed evaluate the nutritional status, body composition and bone mineral density of rhythmic and artistic gymnasts’ during competitive period. Methods: The data was collected using a questionnaire about sociodemographic data, training, food intake (3- non-consecutive days food record) and body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance). All participants (n=59) provided informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 for Windows. Results: The athletes have a mean age of 11.97±2.76 years old and trained 13.59±5.45 hours/week. They showed low weight, height and body fat and a high fat-free mass (37.0±9.8Kg; 144.9±12.4cm; 9.8±2.9%; 96.1±1.7%; respectively). Regarding to bone mineral density they have and estimated average of 0.60±0.08g/cm², that it doesn’t represent risk to bone health. With reference to nutritional intake, they showed an energy intake of 1370.0±454.2Kcal/day and an energy availability of 35.8±15.9Kcal/Kg MLG/day. Regarding the distribution of macronutrients 62.7% is below the carbohydrate recommendations, 67.8% exceeds those of protein and 62.7% ingest lipids according to recommendations. In terms of micronutrients, vitamins D/E/K and mineral such calcium, magnesium and potassium stand out for ingestion below the recommendations (13.9±6.2μg/day; 591.0±259.2mg/day; 165.2±51.0mg/day; 1920.4±618.6mg/day; respectively). Conclusions: The gymnasts revealed an insufficient energy intake as well as a low energy availability which reflected in body composition. As such its important the role of nutritional education for them and all around them.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Ingestão nutricional Composição corporal Densidade mineral óssea Ginastas Nutritional intake Body composition Bone mineral density Gymnastics