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Da autotutela penal no estado do Maranhão (Brasil): levantamento sóciocriminal a partir de casos de crime de linchamentos públicos
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Abstract(s)
O Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, tem registrado, com frequência, casos de linchamentos, retratando claramente a ocorrência material do instrumento da autotutela como mecanismo da prática de se fazer justiça com as próprias mãos, sendo comportamentos coletivos causados pelo medo e insegurança, retratada na ausência ou deficiência do aparelho de segurança do Estado. A população enfurecida sempre é motivada pelo cometimento de delitos anteriores, originando uma espécie de violência pela violência. A punição dá-se pelo castigo imoderado do espancamento, lesão corporal e assassinato. A impunidade é, sem dúvida, o combustível para os linchadores, os quais se lançam em realizar a justiça pelas próprias mãos, cometendo assim abusos, condenando materialmente pessoas que poderiam ser processadas pelo Estado e receber a sua pena de forma proporcional ao que cometera. Nesse fenômeno social, o acusado vira vítima de uma coletividade e da ausência do Estado, titular exclusivo do direito de punir, o que importa em vivenciarmos um enorme retrocesso legal, pois, a barbárie é retratada em atitudes selvagens, causando graves violações aos direitos fundamentais. A identificação dos agressores sempre é a parte mais difícil, pois, impede a apuração e o ajuizamento de denúncia pela Polícia e pelo Ministério Público, perdendo o Poder Judiciário a oportunidade de impor legalmente a pena aos agressores. No Estado Democrático de Direito e no limiar do Século XXI é inadmissível vermos situações como as relatadas neste trabalho.
The State of Maranhão, in Brazil, has frequently registered cases of lynching, elearly portraying the material occurrence of the self-protection instrument as a mechanism of the practice of doing justice with one´s own hands, being collective behaviors caused by fear and insecurity, portrayed in the absence or disability of the state security apparatus. The enraged population is Always motivated by the commission of previous crimes, giving rise to a kind of violence due to violence. The punishment is given for the immoderate punishment of the beating, bodily injury and murder. Impunity is undoubtedly the fuel for lynchers, who set out to carry out justice by their own hands, thus committing abuses, materially condemning people who could be prosecuted by the State and receive their sentence in proportion to what they had committed. In this social phenomenon, the accused becomes the victim of a community and the absence of the State, the exclusive holder of the right to punish, which is importante in experiencing a huge leagl setback, because barbarism is portrayed in wild atitudes, causing serious violations of fundamental rights. The identification of aggressors is always the most difficult part, as it prevents the investigation and filing of complaints by the Police and the Public Ministry, losing the Judiciary the opportunity to legally impose the penalty on the aggressors. In the Democratic State of Law and n the threshold of the 21 st century, it is unacceptable to see situations like those reported in this work.
The State of Maranhão, in Brazil, has frequently registered cases of lynching, elearly portraying the material occurrence of the self-protection instrument as a mechanism of the practice of doing justice with one´s own hands, being collective behaviors caused by fear and insecurity, portrayed in the absence or disability of the state security apparatus. The enraged population is Always motivated by the commission of previous crimes, giving rise to a kind of violence due to violence. The punishment is given for the immoderate punishment of the beating, bodily injury and murder. Impunity is undoubtedly the fuel for lynchers, who set out to carry out justice by their own hands, thus committing abuses, materially condemning people who could be prosecuted by the State and receive their sentence in proportion to what they had committed. In this social phenomenon, the accused becomes the victim of a community and the absence of the State, the exclusive holder of the right to punish, which is importante in experiencing a huge leagl setback, because barbarism is portrayed in wild atitudes, causing serious violations of fundamental rights. The identification of aggressors is always the most difficult part, as it prevents the investigation and filing of complaints by the Police and the Public Ministry, losing the Judiciary the opportunity to legally impose the penalty on the aggressors. In the Democratic State of Law and n the threshold of the 21 st century, it is unacceptable to see situations like those reported in this work.
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Keywords
Linchamento Autotutela Crime Estado Omissão Lynching Self-care State Omission