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Trajetória criativa de Júlio José de Brito: uma análise a partir do Sanatório de Mont'Alto
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tese de mestrado_41071 | 41.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O Sanatório de Mont’Alto, edificado num extenso período entre 1932 e 1958, em São Pedro da Cova (Gondomar), como a resposta à epidemia de tuberculose, apresenta-se como um caso singular na arquitetura hospitalar portuguesa, sendo a sua relevância desvalorizada na historiografia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender a evolução estilística do arquiteto portuense Júlio José de Brito no contexto do Sanatório, esclarecendo as transformações ao longo das sucessivas fases de projeto e construção. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia que combinou a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica em arquivos municipais e arquivos históricos com um levantamento arquitetónico rigoroso do sanatório feito in situ. Este levantamento contou com medições precisas, varrimento LiDAR e registo fotográfico do estado atual, permitindo realizar uma reconstituição tridimensional a partir de fotografias de época e colmatar o vácuo deixado pela falta de desenhos originais. Complementarmente, foi realizada uma análise comparativa com obras-chaves de Júlio de Brito com o intuito de identificar continuidades e dissonâncias estilísticas entre Mont'Alto e o restante do portefólio do arquiteto. Os resultados confirmam que o Sanatório de Mont'Alto, ao longo do processo construtivo, foi sucessivamente influenciado pelo Art Déco (na fase inicial dos anos 1930, marcada por volumes geométricos arredondados e pela ausência de ornamentação), pelo estilo Português Suave (na retomada das obras no pós-guerra, evidente em elementos de inspiração tradicionalista, tais como as capelas concluídas em 1955) e pelo Movimento Moderno (nos acréscimos do final da década de 1950, de caráter funcional, modular e desprovido de decorativismo). Este percurso trilateral estilístico reflete a versatilidade de Júlio de Brito em alternar entre diferentes linguagens arquitetónicas, adaptando-se às circunstâncias da época, sem renunciar a uma certa coerência autoral, e transforma o conjunto de Mont'Alto em um testemunho da convergência entre tradição e modernidade na arquitetura portuguesa do século XX. Conclui-se que o sanatório reúne, num único projeto, a transição gradual entre correntes diferenciadas no período do Estado Novo, demonstrando que a modernização arquitetónica conviveu com o revivalismo nacionalista na obra do Brito. Em termos de implicações, o estudo contribui para a historiografia da arquitetura portuguesa por meio do registo, documentação e da interpretação deste caso pouco estudado, fornece uma base para possíveis futuras investigações no último sanatório de tuberculose do país, Mont'Alto.
The Mont'Alto Sanatorium, built over an extended period between 1932 and 1958 in São Pedro da Cova (Gondomar) in response to the tuberculosis epidemic, is a unique example of Portuguese hospital architecture, yet its importance has been overlooked in historiography. The overall objective of this study is to understand the stylistic evolution of Porto architect Júlio José de Brito in the context of the Mont'Alto Sanatorium, clarifying the transformations throughout the successive phases of design and construction. To this end, a methodology was used that combined documentary and bibliographic research in municipal and historical archives with a rigorous architectural survey of the sanatorium carried out in situ. This survey included precise measurements, LiDAR scanning and photographic records of the current state, allowing for a threedimensional reconstruction based on period photographs and filling the gap left by the lack of original drawings. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out with key works by Júlio de Brito in order to identify stylistic continuities and dissonances between Mont'Alto and the rest of the architect's portfolio. The results confirm that the Mont'Alto Sanatorium, throughout the construction process, was successively influenced by Art Déco (in the starting phase of the 1930s, marked by rounded geometric volumes and the absence of ornamentation), the Português Suave style (in the resumption of work after the war, evident in traditionalist-inspired elements, such as the chapels completed in 1955) and the Modern Movement (in the additions at the end of the 1950s, which were functional, modular and devoid of decoration). This three-pronged stylistic approach reflects Júlio de Brito's versatility in alternating between different architectural languages, adapting to the circumstances of the time without renouncing a certain authorial coherence, and transforms the Mont'Alto complex into a testament to the convergence between tradition and modernity in 20th-century Portuguese architecture. It can be concluded that the sanatorium brings together, in a single project, the gradual transition between different trends during the Estado Novo period, demonstrating that architectural modernization coexisted with nationalist revivalism in Brito's work. In terms of implications, the study contributes to the historiography of Portuguese architecture through the recording, documentation and interpretation of this little-studied case, providing a basis for possible future research on the country's last tuberculosis sanatorium, Mont'Alto.
The Mont'Alto Sanatorium, built over an extended period between 1932 and 1958 in São Pedro da Cova (Gondomar) in response to the tuberculosis epidemic, is a unique example of Portuguese hospital architecture, yet its importance has been overlooked in historiography. The overall objective of this study is to understand the stylistic evolution of Porto architect Júlio José de Brito in the context of the Mont'Alto Sanatorium, clarifying the transformations throughout the successive phases of design and construction. To this end, a methodology was used that combined documentary and bibliographic research in municipal and historical archives with a rigorous architectural survey of the sanatorium carried out in situ. This survey included precise measurements, LiDAR scanning and photographic records of the current state, allowing for a threedimensional reconstruction based on period photographs and filling the gap left by the lack of original drawings. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out with key works by Júlio de Brito in order to identify stylistic continuities and dissonances between Mont'Alto and the rest of the architect's portfolio. The results confirm that the Mont'Alto Sanatorium, throughout the construction process, was successively influenced by Art Déco (in the starting phase of the 1930s, marked by rounded geometric volumes and the absence of ornamentation), the Português Suave style (in the resumption of work after the war, evident in traditionalist-inspired elements, such as the chapels completed in 1955) and the Modern Movement (in the additions at the end of the 1950s, which were functional, modular and devoid of decoration). This three-pronged stylistic approach reflects Júlio de Brito's versatility in alternating between different architectural languages, adapting to the circumstances of the time without renouncing a certain authorial coherence, and transforms the Mont'Alto complex into a testament to the convergence between tradition and modernity in 20th-century Portuguese architecture. It can be concluded that the sanatorium brings together, in a single project, the gradual transition between different trends during the Estado Novo period, demonstrating that architectural modernization coexisted with nationalist revivalism in Brito's work. In terms of implications, the study contributes to the historiography of Portuguese architecture through the recording, documentation and interpretation of this little-studied case, providing a basis for possible future research on the country's last tuberculosis sanatorium, Mont'Alto.
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Keywords
Sanatório de Mont’Alto Sanatório de Valongo Júlio José de Brito Art Déco Português Suave Movimento Moderno Mont'Alto Sanatorium Valongo Sanatorium Modern Movement