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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar e analisar a
problemática da reconstrução de habitação pós-desastre, abordando um modelo de
atuação específico — a reconstrução centrada nas pessoas — à luz do conceito de
sustentabilidade. A capacidade de desenvolvimento a longo prazo, através de processos
que valorizam e recuperam todas as formas de capital, institucional, técnico, social,
financeiro, organizacional e natural, pode fazer com que o período pós-desastre
constitua uma oportunidade sem precedentes para a implementação de melhorias
estruturais. Só nesta perspetiva os projetos de reconstrução são implementados e
executados considerando a sua sustentabilidade. Neste caso, a reconstrução de habitação
pós-desastre não é encarada como o fornecimento de um produto — a habitação — nem
é analisada em função dos seus resultados diretos — o número de habitações
construídas. O desafio implícito nesta abordagem de reconstrução é que se assume
como um processo de facilitação integrado, cujos benefícios se repercutem a longo
prazo, conduzindo a um desenvolvimento efetivo.
Nesta perspetiva, a sustentabilidade da reconstrução centrada nas pessoas foi
considerada nas suas diferentes dimensões — institucional, técnica, social, financeira,
organizacional e ambiental — abordando conceitos como a redução do risco e da
vulnerabilidade existente, a facilitação, a descentralização da tomada de decisão, a
capacitação, a participação, a qualidade das práticas construtivas, a mobilização social,
a importância da economia local e o uso eficiente de recursos, entre outros, que
surgiram na formulação da temática.
A exposição e operacionalização destes conceitos associados à análise dos casos
de estudo abordados — a reconstrução pós-terramoto em Gujarat (2001), a reconstrução
pós tsunami no Sri Lanka (2004) e a reconstrução pós-terramoto no Paquistão (2005) —
permitiram a identificação de parâmetros relevantes para a sustentabilidade de um
processo de reconstrução pós-desastre.
This dissertation aims to investigate and analyze the problem of post-disaster housing reconstruction, addressing one specific model — people-centered reconstruction — through the concept of sustainability. The ability of long-term development, through processes that value and retrieve all forms of institutional, technical, social, financial, organizational and natural capital, can render the postdisaster period an opportunity to implement structural improvements. Only under this perspective reconstruction projects are implemented and executed considering its sustainability. In this approach, post-disaster housing reconstruction is not tackled as a product provision — housing — nor is it analyzed in terms of its direct results such as the number of homes built. The implicit challenge of the approach is that reconstruction is assumed as an overall process of facilitation, from which results long term benefits leading to effective development. Therefore, sustainable people-centered reconstruction was considered in its different dimensions — institutional, technical, social, financial, organizational and environmental — in addressing concepts that arose in the formulation of the theme such as risk reduction and existing vulnerability, facilitation, decision-making decentralization, empowerment, participation, quality of construction practices, social mobilization, the importance of the local economy and efficient use of resources, among others. The presentation and operationalization of these concepts associated with the case studies analysis — the Gujarat post-earthquake reconstruction (2001), the Sri Lanka post tsunami reconstruction (2004) and the Pakistan post-earthquake reconstruction (2005) — allowed the identification of relevant parameters to the sustainability of a post-disaster reconstruction process.
This dissertation aims to investigate and analyze the problem of post-disaster housing reconstruction, addressing one specific model — people-centered reconstruction — through the concept of sustainability. The ability of long-term development, through processes that value and retrieve all forms of institutional, technical, social, financial, organizational and natural capital, can render the postdisaster period an opportunity to implement structural improvements. Only under this perspective reconstruction projects are implemented and executed considering its sustainability. In this approach, post-disaster housing reconstruction is not tackled as a product provision — housing — nor is it analyzed in terms of its direct results such as the number of homes built. The implicit challenge of the approach is that reconstruction is assumed as an overall process of facilitation, from which results long term benefits leading to effective development. Therefore, sustainable people-centered reconstruction was considered in its different dimensions — institutional, technical, social, financial, organizational and environmental — in addressing concepts that arose in the formulation of the theme such as risk reduction and existing vulnerability, facilitation, decision-making decentralization, empowerment, participation, quality of construction practices, social mobilization, the importance of the local economy and efficient use of resources, among others. The presentation and operationalization of these concepts associated with the case studies analysis — the Gujarat post-earthquake reconstruction (2001), the Sri Lanka post tsunami reconstruction (2004) and the Pakistan post-earthquake reconstruction (2005) — allowed the identification of relevant parameters to the sustainability of a post-disaster reconstruction process.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Acção Humanitária, Cooperação e Desenvolvimento
Keywords
Reconstrução pós-desastre Reconstrução de habitação Reconstrução centrada nas pessoas Desenvolvimento sustentável Build back better Post-disaster reconstruction Housing reconstruction People-centered reconstruction Sustainable development
