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- Diversity in dental clinical characteristics in portuguese and spanish military populationsPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Martínez Chicón, Jesús; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Carneiro De Sousa Pinto Costa, Maria José; Márquez Ruiz, Ana Belén; Valenzuela Garach, AuroraIntroduction Dental characteristics were compared in population samples of Spanish and Portuguese military personnel. The main aim of this study was to identify those dental characteristics that could potentially serve to differentiate between these populations in a forensic analysis. Material and methods A sample of 5136 individuals belonging to the professional military staff of the Portuguese and Spanish armed forces was studied. Dental data were recorded with the Forensic Dental Symbols® for the Dental Encoder® database. The population sample analysed in this study consisted of 68.1% Spanish and 31.9% Portuguese individuals. Results The population was mostly male, with 86.6% men (88.1% in the Spanish sample versus 83.4% in the Portuguese sample), and 13.4% women (11.9% Spanish and 16.6% Portuguese). The frequency of unrestored teeth was lowest for first molars in all quadrants, and the highest frequency of unrestored teeth (>90%) was for the upper and lower anterior teeth and lower first premolars. The highest frequencies of restorative treatment were found for the first and second molars in all quadrants, and the highest frequencies of missing teeth were found for the third molars (always >28%). Concordance analysis showed that correlations between contralateral teeth were significantly higher than between antagonist teeth in both samples. Conclusions Our findings provide potentially useful information on the importance of dental record databases and their value for identification purposes.
- Forensic Medicine and the military population: international dental records and personal identification concernsPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Sequeira, T.; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Carneiro de Sousa Pinto Costa, Maria José; Valenzuela Garach, Aurora; Silveira, AugustaIntroduction: The first goal of this research was to perceive the global commitment towards the organization and archiving of dental records and to compare it with each country’s security risk rating. The second one was to study dental records in a sample of the Portuguese military population, using the available national dental records.Material and Methods: An e-mail was sent to representative dentistry associations in several countries, requesting some information concerning the professionals’ awareness of this issue. After obtaining permission from the Ethics Committee, the information was collected through the Forensic Dental Symbols® system into the Dental Encoder®, as an extension of a Spanish study, and a generic codification was used (unrestored, restored, missing and crowned teeth).Results: The most common dental record retention period is ten years after treatment. Observing the samples’ dental records (595 files), we found a total of 19 040 analyzed teeth, with the following frequencies: unrestored (89.6%), restored (7.0%), missing (2.2%) and crowned (1.1%).Discussion: There is a wide range of guidelines on how long dentists should keep dental records. Especially for the military population, dental records must include detailed information concerning each tooth situation, in order to support the process of human identification.Conclusion: This article reinforces the need for mandatory quality dental records in all countries, which must be efficiently stored and easily accessible in case dental identification is necessary. For the military population, these requirements are especially important, due to the added risks to which this group is subject.
- Dental diversity patterns: relevance in portuguese military populationPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Carneiro De Sousa Pinto Costa, Maria José; Valenzuela Garach, AuroraThis research’s purpose was to build a dental database of a Portuguese military population, to know the frequency and distribution of different medical conditions or pathologies found in each dental piece. In order to meet the goals, this study was based on a sample of 1636 professional military people of the Portuguese Armed Forces. Dental data was collected using the Forensic Dental Symbols® and Dental Encoder® database, Microsoft Excel, and SPSS v.23. Teeth were named following the FDI notation system. The analyzed sample population was composed of 83.4% of men and 16.6% of women. The age group with most individuals was 23 - 27 years with a frequency of 32%. The most frequent code in the 32 teeth was “unrestored”. The younger group (≤32 years) had healthier teeth and less missing teeth. Although inconclusive, the dental condition allows individuals classification based on age. The short variability of dental conditions found in the sample, which reflects the population under study, restricts the analysis and, hence, the number of inferences that could be drawn. Studying more heterogenic populations could provide more conclusive results and extraction of additional knowledge from the sample.
- Anestésicos locais e a medicina dentária: parte IPublication . Marvão, Jorge; Guimarães, Maria InêsOs anestésicos locais usualmente utilizados pelos médicos dentistas para bloqueio da dor nos seus pacientes, durante os tratamentos dentários, requerem por parte destes os conhecimentos inerentes à farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica destes fármacos. É cada vez mais importante que os médicos dentistas estejam alertados para os diferentes tipos de anestésicos locais e para os seus efeitos directos e secundários, reconhecendoos precocemente e agindo em conformidade nas situações de toxicidade, assegurando a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde. Local anaesthetics are currently used by the Dentist to block pain on their patients during the dental treatments obviously requiring from these professionals, the inherent knowledge about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs. Nowadays, perhaps more than ever, the Dentist must be alerted to the different types of local anaesthetics and their direct and secondary effects, recognizing them and acting beforehand in conformity on toxicity cases, assuring the quality and safety of the health treatments.
- Manifestações orais do uso de metanfetaminasPublication . Amaral, Ana Sofia; Guimarães, Maria InêsA metanfetamina é uma droga estimulante do sistema nervoso central usada com objetivo terapêutico ou como droga de abuso quando consumida em doses acima do recomendado. Em Portugal, a prevalência do consumo de anfetaminas aumentou 0,4% de 2001 para 2007, verificando-se ainda um aumento desta substância na população mais jovem. Os efeitos adversos mais frequentemente observados a nível da cavidade oral são a xerostomia, a cárie dentária, o bruxismo e a doença periodontal. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o mecanismo de ação das metanfetaminas, bem como as suas manifestações orais, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Sciencedirect e b-on. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: «metanfetaminas», «medicina dentária», «cárie dentária», «saúde oral» e «farmacologia» e respetivas combinações, limitando a pesquisa a 30 artigos, publicados desde 2000, na língua inglesa, portuguesa e castelhana.
- Impact of female hormonal changes throughout life on oral health: a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Fryde, Mayane; Guimarães, Maria Inês; C. Leal, M. FernandaThis work looks at the impact of female hormonal fluctuations throughout life, during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, on oral health. These physiological periods, marked by major variations in estrogen and progesterone levels, influence oral health, so the following question was formulated: to what extent do female hormonal fluctuations influence oral health? Through a scoping review of 37 scientific articles selected using a rigorous methodology (in particular using the Rayyan tool), it was possible to highlight clinical manifestations specific to each hormonal stage. In adolescent girls, puberty is frequently accompanied by exacerbated gingivitis, independent of dental plaque. During pregnancy, the increase in hormones leads to increased gingival inflammation and transient tooth mobility. Finally, the menopause is associated with a drop in female sex hormones, which can lead to dry mouth, altered salivary flora and accelerated bone loss, all of which contribute to the worsening of periodontal disease. These results underline the importance of a preventive and personalized approach to oral health care for patients, taking into account the hormonal context. They also highlight the collaboration between dentists, general practitioners and gynecologists, to optimize comprehensive care for women at every stage of their hormonal life.
- Perception of Portuguese and Brazilian dentists regarding the importance of teeth and dental materials after exposure to high temperatures: forensics perspectivePublication . Ramos, Beatriz; Abreu, Isabel; Moreira, Teresa; Silveira, Augusta; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Mele, Federica; Santoro, ValeriaBackground: The main objective of this study was to carry out an online questionnaire in order to assess dentists’ knowledge and perception of dental materials submitted to high temperatures, helping to clarify and raise awareness of possible gaps in the area of forensic dentistry, especially in human identification. Results: Out of a total of 272 respondents, there was a greater influx of responses from countries such as Portugal and Brazil, the majority being female (66.3%), with an average age of 39 years. Most dentists consider complete clinical records to be extremely important. In addition, professionals with less experience provide fewer models in releasing their clinical records. In the case of dental materials, dentists consider composite resin and glass ionomers to be more susceptible to changes in shape and colour, while amalgam is considered the most stable, followed by ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns. On the other hand, dentin is considered more susceptible to colour changes than enamel. Enamel is seen by most professionals as resistant, undergoing few changes in shape at high temperatures. Conclusions: The opinion of the surveyed dentists on this subject is broadly in line with the existing literature. The only observed differences were related to exposure time and enamel resistance, since they assume that enamel is more resistant, and dentin is more vulnerable.
- Determination of sexual dimorphism through molecular methods: a scoping reviewPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Lopes Cardoso, InêsBackground: Sexual dimorphism is crucial in forensic investigations. Molecular methods involving amelogenin, a protein in tooth enamel, are used to determine sexual dimorphism by extracting DNA from teeth, amplifying the gene coding for amelogenin through PCR, and analyzing PCR product sizes to identify X and/or Y chromosomes. Objective: This scoping review explored scientific studies using the amelogenin gene to determine sex in forensic dentistry. It addressed the research question: do molecular methods determine sexual dimorphism for forensic identification? Material and methods: A literature review (1996–2024) was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE (via BVS), and CINAHL (via EBSCO host). Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection process, summarized in a PRISMA flowchart. A PCC (Population-Concept-Context) strategy was applied to formulate the research question. Results: Thirteen of the 1091 articles initially considered met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies examined forensic dentistry and sex determination through amelogenin identification. They were categorized into “with treatment” (7 studies) and “without treatment” (6 studies), and all involved in vitro research. Conclusion: Molecular methods targeting the amelogenin gene on the X and Y chromosomes offer an accurate and reliable approach to determining sex.
- Mapping the importance of pink teeth in forensic medicine for determining cause of death: protocol of a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Sá, Mariana; Chiadmi, Yasmine; Moreira, Teresa; Guimarães, Maria InêsPostmortem pink teeth have been described in forensic casework for more than a century and are frequently reported in association with deaths involving drowning, asphyxiation, trauma, or electrocution. Despite recurrent mention in forensic literature, the underlying mechanisms, prevalence, and diagnostic value of this phenomenon remain unclear and inconsistently interpreted. The aim of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on postmortem pink teeth and to explore their potential relevance in determining the cause of death in forensic medicine. Specifically, this review seeks to identify how the phenomenon has been reported, which pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, and which contextual or en-vironmental factors may influence its occurrence. Particular attention will be given to the challenges of differentiating postmortem pink teeth from antemortem dental discolora-tions, such as those resulting from trauma or congenital conditions. This protocol was developed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meth-odology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy was predefined and applied across multiple databases. The study selection pro-cess was conducted at the protocol stage, and the results of identification, screening, and eligibility assessment are documented using a PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. A total of twelve studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were identified as eligible for in-clusion in the final scoping review. Data extraction and synthesis will be performed following protocol publication, using a standardized JBI-based data extraction tool. The extracted data will be presented in narrative and tabular formats, enabling a structured mapping of the current evidence base, identification of knowledge gaps, and clarification of the potential forensic significance of postmortem pink teeth.
- Amelogenin-based molecular methods for sexual dimorphism identification: protocol of a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Correia de Castro, Filipe; Guimarães, Maria InêsForensic dentistry and sexual dimorphism are distinct concepts. Still, they are related due to the usefulness that the first may have in the second, and this review focuses on them. A scoping review will be performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology. Scientific databases and grey literature will be used, and the following keywords will be applied: amelogenin, analyses, sex determination, and human identification. This scoping review will include in vitro studies concerning the goal of this review. This scoping review will deepen our knowledge concerning using teeth and amelogenin genes in sex identification in a forensic context. According to the available data, it will help implement guidelines for human remains identification. This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.