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- Forensic Medicine and the military population: international dental records and personal identification concernsPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Sequeira, T.; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Carneiro de Sousa Pinto Costa, Maria José; Valenzuela Garach, Aurora; Silveira, AugustaIntroduction: The first goal of this research was to perceive the global commitment towards the organization and archiving of dental records and to compare it with each country’s security risk rating. The second one was to study dental records in a sample of the Portuguese military population, using the available national dental records.Material and Methods: An e-mail was sent to representative dentistry associations in several countries, requesting some information concerning the professionals’ awareness of this issue. After obtaining permission from the Ethics Committee, the information was collected through the Forensic Dental Symbols® system into the Dental Encoder®, as an extension of a Spanish study, and a generic codification was used (unrestored, restored, missing and crowned teeth).Results: The most common dental record retention period is ten years after treatment. Observing the samples’ dental records (595 files), we found a total of 19 040 analyzed teeth, with the following frequencies: unrestored (89.6%), restored (7.0%), missing (2.2%) and crowned (1.1%).Discussion: There is a wide range of guidelines on how long dentists should keep dental records. Especially for the military population, dental records must include detailed information concerning each tooth situation, in order to support the process of human identification.Conclusion: This article reinforces the need for mandatory quality dental records in all countries, which must be efficiently stored and easily accessible in case dental identification is necessary. For the military population, these requirements are especially important, due to the added risks to which this group is subject.
- Avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oralPublication . Silva, Isabel; Meneses, Rute; Silveira, AugustaA Qualidade de Vida, relevante em diversos domínios científicos, é quase condição sine qua non dos resultados em contextos de saúde e doenças. O presente trabalho visa apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a Qualidade de Vida relacionada com a saúde oral, fazendo uma síntese de algumas das questões conceptuais e práticas mais pertinentes. Pretende-se sensibilizar clínicos e investigadores para algumas das potencialidades da sua avaliação, bem como para alguns dos desafios que coloca. Quality of life is viewed as an important subject in several scientific areas, namely in health and illness contexts. The present paper aims to present some considerations on key conceptual and practical topics in the oral health-related Quality of life domain. It intends to make clinicians and researchers (more) aware of some of the potentialities and challenges of Quality of life assessment.
- Perception of Portuguese and Brazilian dentists regarding the importance of teeth and dental materials after exposure to high temperatures: forensics perspectivePublication . Ramos, Beatriz; Abreu, Isabel; Moreira, Teresa; Silveira, Augusta; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Mele, Federica; Santoro, ValeriaBackground: The main objective of this study was to carry out an online questionnaire in order to assess dentists’ knowledge and perception of dental materials submitted to high temperatures, helping to clarify and raise awareness of possible gaps in the area of forensic dentistry, especially in human identification. Results: Out of a total of 272 respondents, there was a greater influx of responses from countries such as Portugal and Brazil, the majority being female (66.3%), with an average age of 39 years. Most dentists consider complete clinical records to be extremely important. In addition, professionals with less experience provide fewer models in releasing their clinical records. In the case of dental materials, dentists consider composite resin and glass ionomers to be more susceptible to changes in shape and colour, while amalgam is considered the most stable, followed by ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns. On the other hand, dentin is considered more susceptible to colour changes than enamel. Enamel is seen by most professionals as resistant, undergoing few changes in shape at high temperatures. Conclusions: The opinion of the surveyed dentists on this subject is broadly in line with the existing literature. The only observed differences were related to exposure time and enamel resistance, since they assume that enamel is more resistant, and dentin is more vulnerable.
- Porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum in oral oncogenesis and tumour progressionPublication . Seroto, Cristiana; Dias Sequeira, Maria Teresa; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Correia de Castro, Filipe; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Silveira, AugustaOncological pathology of the oral cavity is a subject of study due to its significant impact on the quality of life of patients, caregivers and on public health. According to the National Institute of Statistics, oncological disease is the second leading cause of death in Portugal, with oral and pharyngeal cancer having an incidence rate of 16.7% and a 50% mortality rate. Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent infectious conditions in the world, affecting 25-40% of the adult population. This pathology is often associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, being a consequence of the complex interactions between these microorganisms and their products, triggering a host inflammatory response that leads to tissue destruction, increasingly associated with oral oncogenesis and tumor progression. This work goal is to study the involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral oncogenesis and tumor progression to understand how these bacteria influence the pathophysiology of oral cavity cancer. The conducted systematic review used Cochrane guidelines through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram and based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria. Literature search covered four databases – B On, Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library - and grey literature (master's theses, conference proceedings, world organizations). Publications between 2013 and 2023 were selected for full reading. Several mechanisms explain the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral oncogenesis and tumor progression. These bacteria can promote cell proliferation by modulating various signaling pathways, and facilitate cellular invasion, allowing the dissemination of cancer cells. Another important mechanism is the induction of chronic inflammation. Prolonged inflammatory response creates a favorable environment for tumor progression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) play key roles in the inflammatory process, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Immune evasion is the mechanism by which cancer cells avoid detection and destruction by the immune system. These bacterial strains modulate host immune response, favoring survival and dissemination of cancer cells. This systematic review highlights the complex interaction between chronic inflammation induced by periodontal bacteria and oral oncogenesis. The results underline the need for future investigations to deepen the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Early identification and targeted treatment of chronic inflammation, as well as modulation of the oral microbiome, may be promising strategies to improve clinical outcomes for oral cancer patients, highlighting the importance of preventive measures in oral oncology.
- Mental health and alcohol consumption among university students in the post-pandemic context: an exploratory cross-sectional study in PortugalPublication . Moreira, Teresa; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Silveira, Augusta; Loibl, Beatriz; Guedes Lopes, Beatriz; Alves Ribeiro Ferraz, Hugo Filipe; Castro, Inês; Mira de Almeida, Sofia; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Pereira Rodrigues, Sandra Beatriz; Lima, Andreia Maria NovoIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on mental health and lifestyle behaviours, especially among university students who experienced academic disruptions, social isolation, and fewer social interactions. Alcohol consumption has long been part of student culture. Still, the influence of post-pandemic academic reintegration on drinking patterns and psychological distress remains relatively unexplored, particularly in countries like Portugal, where student traditions heavily shape consumption habits. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption, depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of Portuguese university students during the post-pandemic academic period, and to explore associations with sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2021 with 90 students from a private higher education institution in northern Portugal. Data were collected via an online questionnaire including sociodemographic information, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Result: The majority of the participants were not at risk of alcohol addiction (95.3%). In total, 15.1% of students reported anxiety symptoms ranging from severe to extremely severe. A binomial logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of being away from home and psychological distress (DASS-42 score), on the likelihood that participants were at risk of alcohol addiction (Level 3 and 4 in the AUDIT scale). The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(2) = 9.20, p = 0.010. Living away from home was associated with a substantially lower likelihood of high-risk status (B = −2.79, p = 0.034), corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.06, indicating a strong protective effect. DASS-42 total score was positively associated with high-risk status (B = 0.04, p = 0.039), such that higher psychological distress increased the odds of being classified as high risk. Conclusions: The findings reveal a low prevalence of alcohol risk but heightened symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Psychological distress notably increases the likelihood of hazardous alcohol use, emphasising the importance of targeted mental health and alcohol-use interventions among university students.