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- Direct and indirect victims of urban crime in the historic centre of Porto (Portugal): prevalence, dynamics and associated variablesPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Sani, Ana Isabel; Paulo, Daniela; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Nunes, Laura M.This study aims to quantify and characterize direct and indirect victimization and to analyse the associations between victimization and sociodemographic, criminal and environmental, social control and community variables in the urban area of the Historic Centre of Porto (hcp), Portugal. A total of 554 participants answered the “Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire” through face-to-face inquiry. The overall prevalence of victimization was 38.11%, with 17.7% being direct victims and 29.0% indirect victims. The most reported crimes were robbery, theft and offenses to physical integrity, which occurred mainly at night, on the street. The majority of victims sought police support, but satisfaction level with the authorities was low. Sociodemographic, criminal and environmental variables were associated with (in)direct victimization.
- Report presenting the first results of LookCrim ProjectPublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Sani, Ana Isabel; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro; Oliveira, Gisela; Guerreiro, Maria João; Freitas, Pedro; Estrada, Rui; Maia, Rui Leandro; Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, Vanessa; Paulo, Daniela; dos Santos, Hugo; Ferreira, Inês; Gonçalves, Maria João
- Temporal variability of theft types in the historic centre of PortoPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Magalhães, Mariana; Paulo, Daniela; Maia, Rui Leandro; Oliveira, Gisela; Guerreiro, Maria João; Sani, Ana; Nunes, Laura M.Criminology theories imply that time is a relevant variable, especially for the prevention and intervention of criminal occurrences. Thus, the study of criminal temporal patterns has been described as being of great relevance. The present study focuses on describing and exploring the influence of temporal and seasonal variables on the occurrence of different types of theft in the Historic Centre of Porto through the analysis of official records of the Public Security Police. Significant differences were found regarding the time of day and season of occurrence, even though it is not observed for all the types of theft analysed. Overall, theft was more prevalent at night and less frequent during winter, which is congruent with previous literature and the routine activity theory. Being the first case study in Porto city, Portugal, this research may be of extreme importance for both designing prevention and intervention policies in the area, and for inspiring future research on a criminal time analysis.
- Times and spaces of crime in the Historic Centre of Porto: evidence from official dataPublication . Maia, Rui Leandro; Guerreiro, Maria João; Paulo, Daniela; Azevedo, Vanessa; Sani, Ana IsabelThe analysis of official data is a traditional strategy to study criminality in a geographic space (e.g., city, country). This work focuses on the analysis of the official statistics of crime against property at the Historic Centre of Porto, Portugal, in 2018. It addresses temporal (i.e., by period of the week, time of day) and spatial patterns (i.e., spatial analysis, typology of spaces) of crime occurrences. The database was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and by spatial density analysis. Theft was the most common type of crime, although crime types varied greatly with location, and time of the day. There were no significant differences on crime occurrences by days of the week and most crimes were reported in the afternoon. Concerning typology of spaces, most crimes occurred at linear spaces, especially robberies. Findings can be very useful for sustainable and considered urban planning, by aligning the location of material and human resources with the detection of seasonal and comparable crime patterns, enabling more efficient crime prevention in urban areas.
- Relatório de apresentação dos primeiros resultados do Projeto LookCrimPublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Sani, Ana Isabel; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro; Oliveira, Gisela; Guerreiro, Maria João; Freitas, Pedro; Estrada, Rui; Maia, Rui Leandro; Caridade, Sónia; Azevedo, Vanessa; Paulo, Daniela; Santos, Hugo dos; Ferreira, Inês; Gonçalves, Maria João
- Research report of the LookCrim Project, from conceptualization to practicePublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Sani, Ana Isabel; Azevedo, Vanessa; Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro; Oliveira, Gisela; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Guerreiro, Maria João; Freitas, Pedro; Estrada, Rui; Maia, Rui Leandro; Caridade, Sónia; Gonçalves, Maria João; dos Santos, Hugo; Paulo, Daniela
- Looking at crime-communities and physical spaces: a curated datasetPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Maia, Rui Leandro; Guerreiro, Maria João; Oliveira, Gisela; Sani, Ana Isabel; Caridade, Sónia; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Estrada, Rui; Paulo, Daniela; Magalhães, Mariana; Nunes, Laura M.This article describes a curated dataset entitled “Looking at Crime: Communities and Physical Spaces”, which comprises data from different sources, namely Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS), Diagnosis of School Environment (DSE) and observation of physical spaces. The main topic covered was crime and related variables at the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), a well-known urban area located in the North of Portugal. It is currently attended by inhabitants, workers, students and tourists. This dataset includes i) data from two different self-reports: i.1) demographics, perception of (in)security, victimization, social control and community cohesion obtained through an inquiry applied to the adult community; and i.2) data from school climate and students behavioural problems, which may be seen as risk factors for juvenile delinquency, collected through a web-survey applied to school personnel; and ii) data from observation of physical spaces, attending to the Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles. The dataset allows descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, being useful for students, academics, stakeholders, police forces and policy-makers, to better understand crime and its related variables, forecast criminal incidents, and further develop associated preventive and intervention programmes.
- Relatório de execução do Projeto LookCrim, da conceptualização à práticaPublication . Nunes, Laura M.; Sani, Ana Isabel; Azevedo, Vanessa; Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro; Oliveira, Gisela; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Guerreiro, Maria João; Freitas, Pedro; Estrada, Rui; Maia, Rui Leandro; Caridade, Sónia; Gonçalves, Maria João; dos Santos, Hugo; Paulo, Daniela
- Do you feel safe in the urban space? From perceptions to associated variablesPublication . Azevedo, Vanessa; Sani, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Laura M.; Paulo, DanielaThis study aims to provide answers to the following questions: Do you feel safe at Historic Centre of Porto (HCP)? Do you think that crime is increasing? What are the most and less frequent crimes? And the most feared crimes? What conditions promote criminal occurrences? What incivilities occur at HCP? What measures can be taken to increase security? What variables are related to the perception of insecurity? Through the application of the Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire, 554 participants that attended HCP were assessed (58.5% women, mean age = 43.82). One in five participants reported feelings of insecurity due to the presence of crime/danger. Robbery, theft, and drugs traffic were perceived as the most common crimes; participants were especially fearful about robbery and theft. Nationality, education, criminal variables, adequacy and satisfaction with policing, seek for formal support, and years living/studying/working at HCP were variables related to perception of (in)security.
- Satisfaction with the police: perceptions and related variables from an urban community samplePublication . Sani, Ana Isabel; Azevedo, Vanessa; Paulo, Daniela; Magalhães, Mariana; Nunes, Laura M.This quantitative, correlational, and transversal study was performed with a sample of 482 participants from an urban community at the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP). Participants answered to an enquiry designed to collect information about (dis)satisfaction with the police and its performance, with sociodemographic, victimisation, criminal, environmental, social control, and community variables as potential predictors. Findings revealed that the community was mainly satisfied with the police in its efforts to guarantee security, and there was no relationship between those variables, and sociodemographic and some community variables (e.g., years at the HCP, willingness to collaborate in security measures, and strength of attachment to HCP). On the other hand, there were relationships of (dis)satisfaction with the police and being the victim of crime, and some criminal and environmental variables (e.g., perception of increased criminality, conditions promoting crime, and incivilities). Regression analyses found that the perception of increased criminality and the need to adopt improvement measures were significant predictors of dissatisfaction with the police. This study promotes further discussion on factors that can be improved to increase satisfaction with the police and the connection of community–institutions to promote community security.