Percorrer por autor "Pestana, Pedro"
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- Fado and its voices: contribution to the prevention of occupational voice disordersPublication . Pestana, Pedro; Freitas, Susana Vaz; Manso, M. ConceiçãoSinging is an activity practiced by many people, both from a professional or recreational standpoint. When a person sings, his/her vocal tract behaves in a way different to speech. Occupational voice disorders in singers are known for their hugely negative impact on their career. Fado is a Portuguese urban folk song having deep roots in the popular culture. An increased risk of voice disorders among these professionals. Some risk examples are to sing without formal training, to perform frequently with no amplification system, to sing in venues with unsuitable characteristics, etc. As an expected outcome, this thesis intends to diminish the gap between professional practices and scientific research in this field. Research on the singing voice was mapped to trace research patterns, to compare the amount of published research and its journals, to analyze trend topics. Descriptive statistics, text mining, and clustering were used. The amount of published papers per annum has been continuously increasing since the first indexed study, in 1949. The major topics highlighted by this study were: voice quality, occupational demands, acoustic analysis, training effects, musical perception and electroglottography. The prevalence of self-reported dysphonia in singers was calculated through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Eleven studies met the established criteria and grouped according styles and roles. The overall prevalence of self-reported dysphonia was 46.09% (95%CI: 38.16-54.12) – singing teachers showed the highest prevalence (55.15%), followed by non-classical singers (46.96%), classical singers (40.53%) and singing students (21.76%). These results suggest that singers are more prone to report dysphonia comparing to the general population. Fado singers were explored from an epidemiological perspective. First, a population size calculation was done to make this possible. No regulatory institution to handle the professionalization of singers was found in Portugal. A database was created with subjects who met the following criteria: to sing Fado de Lisboa; to be alive; to have recorded, at least, one phonogram. Four hundred and eleven were identified, even though the panel of recruited experts believes that there are much more. A comprehensive self-administered questionnaire was built to find the prevalence and impact of voice disorders in singers, as well as to identify risk or protective factors. It was applied to 111 singers with a convenience and snowball sampling. The overall prevalence of self-reported voice disorders was 39.6%, significantly higher in females. Vocal fold nodules were the most common diagnosis; vocal fatigue and hoarseness were the most common reported symptoms. Nearly half of the singers had to cancel shows due to voice disorders. Significant risk factors were found through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis: nose related disorders, decongestants or antihistamines usage (OR=5.5; 95%CI: 1.6-20.8); oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy (OR=4.9; 95%CI: 1.2-20.3); previous smoking habits (OR=4.0; 95%CI: 1.5-10.5); and vocal fatigue after performances (OR=2.9; 95%CI: 1.2-7.1). The use of corticosteroids was found to be near the significance, as a protective factor. To sing Fado was found to increase the risk of developing voice disorders – further research is required to compare this population with other singing styles. The last study aimed to conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument “Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily” (EASE) into the European Portuguese version “Avaliação da Capacidade para Cantar com Facilidade” (EASE-PT). One hundred and twenty-two Fado and Choir singers were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling to fill the final version of the instrument. High internal consistency was found to prove its reliability (alpha of Cronbach=0.900 and 0.905 for Fado and Choir singers, respectively).
- Myofascial release effects in teachers' posture, muscle tension and voice quality: a randomized controlled trialPublication . Cardoso, Ricardo; Meneses, Rute; Lumini-Oliveira, José; Pestana, PedroSummary: Objective. Myofascial release (MFR) comprises a set of manual therapeutic techniques applied to many conditions, but specific evidence concerning its effects on body posture, muscle tension and voice has been lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of MFR in teachers’ posture, muscular tension and voice quality. Study Design. Randomized controlled trial − crossover. Methods. Twenty-four teachers, after completing a Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire and providing written informed consent, were randomly distributed into two groups designated Group 1 (G1; n = 12; received MFR first) and Group 2 (G2; n = 12; belong to control group first). All participants received treatment and were into control group, since, after a 14 day period, procedures were switched between groups. Photogrammetry, muscle tension assessed through palpation, algometry, aerodynamic assessment of voice, acoustic and auditory-perceptual analysis of voice were performed before and after interventions. Results. Regarding voice, statistically significant differences were found when intervention was applied to both groups for maximum phonation time (MPT) (G1 P = 0.019; G2 P = 0.004). The acoustic variables did not differ. Concerning the auditory-perceptual analysis of voice statistically significant differences were found when intervention was applied in both groups for Grade in G2 (P = 0.046) and for Roughness in G1 (P = 0.025). Regarding the photogrammetry assessment statistically significant differences were found when intervention was applied to both groups in many parameters while as control group they did not. Concerning the algometry and muscle tension assessed through palpation statistically significant differences were found when intervention was applied in all muscles. Conclusions. Findings indicated that MFR seems to be an effective therapy in improving MPT, two subscales (Grade and Roughness) of the GRABASH scale, muscle tension assessed through palpation and algometry. Regarding photogrammetry, MFR had an immediately effect in improvement of the posture, especially related with head.
- Prevenção de perturbações da comunicação: uma análise preliminar com Educadores de InfânciaPublication . Pestana, Pedro; Peixoto, VâniaO presente estudo tem como objectivo verificar, junto de um grupo de educadores de infância, se é necessário o surgimento de um programa de prevenção de perturbações da comunicação para crianças dos 0 aos 3 anos. Para tal construiu-se propositadamente um questionário que foi aplicado a 25 educadores de infância. O conhecimento que estes profissionais têm relacionado com o tema é satisfatório mas não suficiente para alguém que lida directamente com crianças e que pode vir a desempenhar um papel tão fundamental. Confirmou-se, assim, a dita necessidade. The aim of this project is to verify amongst a group of kindergarten teachers whether it is necessary the creation of a communication disorder prevention program for children up to the age of three. For this to be possible a questionnaire was purposely created and applied to twenty five kindergarten teachers. The knowledge of these professionals on the subject was satisfactory however not enough for someone who deals directly with children and plays such a key role in their life. This confirmed the necessity for a prevention program.