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O desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antidepressivos - revisão dos fármacos recentemente aprovados desvenlafaxina, levomilnaciprano, vilazodona e esquetamina
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Abstract(s)
A depressão é um distúrbio mental de origem multifatorial associado a altas taxas de
morbidade e mortalidade, falta de produtividade no trabalho, e aumento dos gastos com
saúde e que afeta significativamente a sociedade.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os ensaios clínicos dos fármacos: desvenlafaxina,
levomilnaciprano, vilazodona e esquetamina que em alguns países já se encontram
comercializados, mas não em Portugal, este trabalho teve, ainda, como objetivo, dar a
conhecer estes novos antidepressivos em fase avançada de ensaios clínicos.
Para a pesquisa bibliográfica deste trabalho foram usados os motores de busca “B-on”,
“Pubmed”, “Google scholar” e foram usadas as palavras chave: depressão,
desvenlafaxina, levomilnaciprano, vilazodona, esquetamina, farmacocinética, ensaios
clínicos, com diversas combinações entre elas. Desta pesquisa foram selecionados artigos
publicados nos últimos 15 anos.
Todos os antidepressivos estudados apresentaram segurança, tolerância e eficácia,
embora nem todos os estudos conseguiram comprovar a sua eficácia em relação ao
placebo. Existe uma grande procura por novos medicamentos para o tratamento da
depressão, os estudos mais recentes centram-se num novo mecanismo de ação que atua
nos recetores MNDA, sendo que a esquetamina é um dos mais recentes, mas a arketamina
e a brexanolona encontram-se em ensaios clínicos. Contudo ainda são necessários
avanços nesta área e serão necessários mais estudos e descoberta de novos fármacos para
tratar aqueles pacientes que, embora já tenham experimentado uma basta variedade de
fármacos, ainda não conseguiram atingir a remissão da depressão. A vilazodona apresenta
menos efeitos adversos comparativamente á desvenlafaxina e levomilnaciprano. A
desvenlafaxina apresenta menos interações medicamentosas que os restantes fármacos.
Avaliando e comparando os fármacos em análise conclui-se que a Vilazodona e a
Esquetamina são os fármacos mais promissores no tratamento da depressão. Sendo que o
mecanismo de ação da esquetamina pode revolucionar o modo com tratamos a depressão.
Depression is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, lack of productivity at work, and increased spending on health that significantly affects the society. The objective of this work was to analyze the clinical trials of the drugs: desvenlafaxine, levomilnacipran, vilazodone and esketamine that in some countries are already marketed, but not in Portugal, this work had, still, as objective, to discuss new antidepressants in advanced phase clinical trials. For the bibliographic search of this work, the search engines “B-on”, “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” were used and the keywords were used: depression, desvenlafaxine, levomilnacipran, vilazodone, esketamine, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, with several combinations between them. From this research, articles published in the last 15 years were selected. All antidepressants studied showed safety, tolerance and efficacy, although not all studies were able to prove their effectiveness in relation to placebo. There is a great demand for new drugs for the treatment of depression, the most recent studies focus on a new mechanism of action that acts on MNDA receptors, being esketamine one of the most recent drugs, but arketamine and brexanolone are in clinical trials. Progress is still needed in this area and further studies for the discovery of new drugs will be needed to treat those patients who, although have already tried a sufficient variety of drugs, have not yet managed to achieve remission of depression. Vilazodone has fewer adverse effects compared to desvenlafaxine and levomilnacipran. Desvenlafaxine has fewer drug interactions than other drugs. Evaluating and comparing the drugs under analysis, Vilazodone and esketamine are the most promising drugs in the treatment of depression. Being that the mechanism of action of esketamine can revolutionize the way we treat depression.
Depression is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, lack of productivity at work, and increased spending on health that significantly affects the society. The objective of this work was to analyze the clinical trials of the drugs: desvenlafaxine, levomilnacipran, vilazodone and esketamine that in some countries are already marketed, but not in Portugal, this work had, still, as objective, to discuss new antidepressants in advanced phase clinical trials. For the bibliographic search of this work, the search engines “B-on”, “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” were used and the keywords were used: depression, desvenlafaxine, levomilnacipran, vilazodone, esketamine, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, with several combinations between them. From this research, articles published in the last 15 years were selected. All antidepressants studied showed safety, tolerance and efficacy, although not all studies were able to prove their effectiveness in relation to placebo. There is a great demand for new drugs for the treatment of depression, the most recent studies focus on a new mechanism of action that acts on MNDA receptors, being esketamine one of the most recent drugs, but arketamine and brexanolone are in clinical trials. Progress is still needed in this area and further studies for the discovery of new drugs will be needed to treat those patients who, although have already tried a sufficient variety of drugs, have not yet managed to achieve remission of depression. Vilazodone has fewer adverse effects compared to desvenlafaxine and levomilnacipran. Desvenlafaxine has fewer drug interactions than other drugs. Evaluating and comparing the drugs under analysis, Vilazodone and esketamine are the most promising drugs in the treatment of depression. Being that the mechanism of action of esketamine can revolutionize the way we treat depression.
Description
Keywords
Depressão Fármacos antidepressivos Desvenlafaxina Levomilnaciprano Vilazodona Esquetamina Ensaios clínicos Depression Antidepressant drugs Desvenlafaxine Levomilnacipran Vilazodone Esketamine Clinical trials