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O papel dos testes serológicos para deteção de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM ao SARS-CoV-2 numa comunidade da região Norte
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_40188 | 3.02 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O vírus SARS-CoV-2 identificado em humanos em 2019, na China, provocou uma pandemia mundial a COVID-19, decretada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde em Março de 2020. Nas características deste Coronavírus destacam-se a elevada transmissibilidade por gotículas respiratórias e fómites e os sintomas podem variar de leves a moderados ou ser tão graves que podem mesmo levar à morte. As medidas de prevenção adotadas mundialmente foram decisivas no controle da pandemia enquanto não se desenvolveram vacinas e medicamentos antivirais eficazes. O distanciamento social, o uso de máscaras faciais e as desinfeções de superfícies incluíram-se num conjunto de restrições que levaram ao confinamento geral ou ao chamado “lockdown”.
Os Testes serológicos para deteção de IgM e IgG são de grande importância na monitorização da imunidade ao SARs-Cov-2 assim como na vigilância dos portadores assintomáticos. Ainda antes da disponibilização das vacinas estes testes, devido ao seu baixo custo, comparativamente ao teste de antigénio, eram amplamente utilizados no contexto de estudos epidemiológicos não só para avaliação da resposta imune como também para a deteção de infeção.
Neste trabalho foram realizados testes serológicos entre Janeiro e Março de 2021- período de confinamento, numa Farmácia em Santo Tirso – Norte de Portugal, para avaliar a presença de anticorpos IgM e IgG ao SARS-CoV-2. Os testes foram acompanhados de um questionário, caracterizando os participantes e identificando fatores de risco. Nos resultados obtidos destacam-se uma seroprevalência de 41,3% maioritariamente nos indivíduos em trabalho presencial (74%). Ainda assim apenas 44% dos indivíduos apresentaram sintomatologia e /ou um teste antigénico positivo sublinhando a importância da transmissão viral a partir dos indivíduos assintomáticos. A seroprevalência foi maior nas mulheres e em indivíduos com idades superiores a 21 anos.
É um facto que no período estudado as medidas de restrição foram importantes para o controle da disseminação do vírus e mesmo as pessoas infetadas apresentaram seroconversão apesar de ainda ser desconhecido a longevidade desta resposta. A posterior introdução das vacinas permitiu um aliviar das medidas de confinamento, no entanto os estudos serológicos continuam a permitir a monitorização da imunidade populacional, nomeadamente contra as novas variantes virais.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus identified in humans in 2019 in China triggered a global pandemic, the COVID-19, has stated by the World Health Organization in March 2020. In the characteristics of this Coronavirus stand out the high transmissibility by respiratory droplets and breath and the symptoms can range from mild to moderate or be so severe that can even lead to death. The prevention measures adopted worldwide were decisive in controlling the pandemic while effective vaccines and antiviral drugs were not developed. Social distancing, the use of face masks and surface disinfection were among the restrictions that led to general containment or lockdown. Serological tests for IgM and IgG detection are of great importance in monitoring immunity to SARs-Cov-2 as well as in the surveillance of asymptomatic carriers. Even before the availability of vaccines these tests, due to their low cost compared to antigen testing, were widely used in the context of epidemiological studies not only for evaluation of immune response but also for detection of infection. In this study, serological tests were carried out between January and March 2021 - confinement period, in a Pharmacy in Santo Tirso - Northern Portugal, to assess the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The tests were accompanied by a questionnaire, characterizing the participants and identifying risk factors. The results obtained showed a seroprevalence of 41.3%, mostly in individuals working presencially (74%). Even so, only 44% of the individuals presented symptoms and/or a positive antigenic test, underlining the importance of viral transmission from asymptomatic individuals. The seroprevalence was higher in women and in individuals aged over 21 years. It is a fact that in the period studied the restriction measures were important to control the spread of the virus and even infected people showed seroconversion although the longevity of this response is still unknown. The later introduction of vaccines allowed an easing of the containment measures, however serological studies continue to allow the monitoring of population immunity, namely against new viral variants.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus identified in humans in 2019 in China triggered a global pandemic, the COVID-19, has stated by the World Health Organization in March 2020. In the characteristics of this Coronavirus stand out the high transmissibility by respiratory droplets and breath and the symptoms can range from mild to moderate or be so severe that can even lead to death. The prevention measures adopted worldwide were decisive in controlling the pandemic while effective vaccines and antiviral drugs were not developed. Social distancing, the use of face masks and surface disinfection were among the restrictions that led to general containment or lockdown. Serological tests for IgM and IgG detection are of great importance in monitoring immunity to SARs-Cov-2 as well as in the surveillance of asymptomatic carriers. Even before the availability of vaccines these tests, due to their low cost compared to antigen testing, were widely used in the context of epidemiological studies not only for evaluation of immune response but also for detection of infection. In this study, serological tests were carried out between January and March 2021 - confinement period, in a Pharmacy in Santo Tirso - Northern Portugal, to assess the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The tests were accompanied by a questionnaire, characterizing the participants and identifying risk factors. The results obtained showed a seroprevalence of 41.3%, mostly in individuals working presencially (74%). Even so, only 44% of the individuals presented symptoms and/or a positive antigenic test, underlining the importance of viral transmission from asymptomatic individuals. The seroprevalence was higher in women and in individuals aged over 21 years. It is a fact that in the period studied the restriction measures were important to control the spread of the virus and even infected people showed seroconversion although the longevity of this response is still unknown. The later introduction of vaccines allowed an easing of the containment measures, however serological studies continue to allow the monitoring of population immunity, namely against new viral variants.
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Keywords
Infeção por SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalência Portugal Testes serológicos Saúde pública Resposta de anticorpos COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 infection Seroprevalence Serologic tests Public health Antibody response