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Publication
Implante imediato unitário em zona anterior da maxila: técnicas cirúrgicas – revisão narrativa
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Projeto de pós-graduação_2022101079 | 4.27 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A odontologia contemporânea busca resultados estéticos e funcionais mais rápidos, promovendo avanços em técnicas cirúrgicas cada vez menos invasivas, como os implantes colocados imediatamente após a extração dentária, no mesmo momento cirúrgico. A prática de implantes imediatos está crescendo devido ao menor número de intervenções e tempo de tratamento reduzido. Porém, essa técnica apresenta muitos desafios como o risco de recessão gengival, especialmente em pacientes com biótipo periodontal fino, onde critérios como uma parede óssea labial intacta e tecido mole espesso são fundamentais para minimizar esses riscos.
Dada a variedade de técnicas desenvolvidas nos últimos anos e as diferentes condições clínicas reportadas na literatura científica, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a recente evolução das técnicas cirúrgicas de implantes imediatos e as respetivas abordagens clínicas utilizadas para preservação do rebordo alveolar após a extração dentária. Uma ênfase particular foi dada aos estudos que reportam a extração de dentes unitários em zona estética.
Através de uma detalhada revisão dos 40 artigos científicos mais relevantes para o tema, publicados entre 2015 e 2024 e usando palavras-chave como "immediate implant", "anterior maxilla" e "single tooth implant", constatou-se que colocação imediata de implantes na zona estética é hoje uma alternativa bem consolidada e viável aos métodos tradicionais, desde que a seleção de pacientes seja cuidadosa e as técnicas apropriadas sejam empregues para mitigar os riscos de recessão gengival e reabsorção óssea. De modo geral, as taxas de recessão gengival variaram de 0,1 mm a 0,6 mm, dependendo do estudo e do tempo de acompanhamento, mostrando uma tendência de recessão gengival relativamente baixa após os implantes imediatos, especialmente em estudos com técnicas minimamente invasivas ou com acompanhamento cuidadoso. A maioria dos estudos relatou alta taxa de sucesso e baixa perda óssea, com tempos de acompanhamento variando de 1 a 5 anos.
Contemporary dentistry seeks faster aesthetic and functional results, promoting advances in increasingly less invasive surgical techniques, such as implants placed immediately after tooth extraction at the same surgical time. The practice of immediate implants is growing due to the reduced number of surgical interventions and the reduced treatment time. However, this technique presents many challenges, such as the risk of gingival recession, especially in patients with a thin periodontal biotype, where criteria such as an intact labial bone wall and thick and soft tissue are essential to minimise these risks. Given the various techniques developed in recent years and the different clinical conditions reported in the scientific literature, the present study aimed to evaluate the recent evolution of immediate implant surgical techniques, and the respective clinical approaches used to preserve the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Particular emphasis was given to studies reporting the extraction of single teeth in the aesthetic zone. Through a detailed review of the 40 most relevant scientific articles on the subject, published between 2015 and 2024 and using keywords such as "immediate implant", "anterior maxilla", and "single tooth implant", it was found that immediate implant placement in the aesthetic zone is today a robust and viable alternative to traditional methods, as long as patient selection is careful and appropriate techniques are employed to mitigate the risks of gingival recession and bone resorption. Gingival recession rates ranged from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, depending on the study and follow-up time, showing a relatively low gingival recession after immediate implants, especially in studies with minimally invasive techniques or careful follow-up. Most studies reported a high success rate and low bone loss, with follow-up times ranging from 1 to 5 years.
Contemporary dentistry seeks faster aesthetic and functional results, promoting advances in increasingly less invasive surgical techniques, such as implants placed immediately after tooth extraction at the same surgical time. The practice of immediate implants is growing due to the reduced number of surgical interventions and the reduced treatment time. However, this technique presents many challenges, such as the risk of gingival recession, especially in patients with a thin periodontal biotype, where criteria such as an intact labial bone wall and thick and soft tissue are essential to minimise these risks. Given the various techniques developed in recent years and the different clinical conditions reported in the scientific literature, the present study aimed to evaluate the recent evolution of immediate implant surgical techniques, and the respective clinical approaches used to preserve the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Particular emphasis was given to studies reporting the extraction of single teeth in the aesthetic zone. Through a detailed review of the 40 most relevant scientific articles on the subject, published between 2015 and 2024 and using keywords such as "immediate implant", "anterior maxilla", and "single tooth implant", it was found that immediate implant placement in the aesthetic zone is today a robust and viable alternative to traditional methods, as long as patient selection is careful and appropriate techniques are employed to mitigate the risks of gingival recession and bone resorption. Gingival recession rates ranged from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, depending on the study and follow-up time, showing a relatively low gingival recession after immediate implants, especially in studies with minimally invasive techniques or careful follow-up. Most studies reported a high success rate and low bone loss, with follow-up times ranging from 1 to 5 years.
Description
Keywords
Implante imediato Maxila anterior Implante unitário Regeneração óssea guiada Preservação do rebordo alveolar Zona estética Immediate implant Anterior maxilla Single tooth implant Guided bone regeneration Alveolar ridge preservation Aesthetic zone