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Publication
Influência do tabaco e da canábis em lesões da cavidade oral: revisão integrativa
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Projeto de pós-graduação_39525 | 978.33 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O tabaco e a canábis estão entre as drogas mais consumidas no mundo e o seu impacto na saúde oral está bem documentado. O consumo de tabaco e canábis pode causar vários problemas de saúde. O uso regular dessas substâncias aditivas leva a uma deterioração progressiva da saúde física e mental, acompanhada de complicações infeciosas e patologias orais como a cárie dentária, a doença periodontal e a xerostomia, entre outras. Os compostos químicos presentes no tabaco, como as nitrosaminas e o alcatrão, danificam a mucosa oral, favorecendo mutações genéticas que levam a lesões pré-malignas. Da mesma forma, o fumo de canábis contém canabinoides e substâncias mutagénicas que podem causar inflamação crónica e alterar os tecidos orais, aumentando o risco de cancro oral. O tabaco e a canábis são frequentemente utilizados de forma concomitante, especialmente em certos grupos de consumidores. Essa prática combinada pode ter implicações significativas para a saúde oral, pois expõe a cavidade oral a uma variedade de substâncias químicas tóxicas provenientes tanto do fumo do tabaco quanto da canábis.
O papel do médico dentista é crucial na prevenção e deteção precoce dessas lesões. Os médicos dentistas devem estar preparados para identificar os sinais clínicos, como leucoplasias e úlceras orais, que indicam um risco de complicações relacionadas ao tabagismo e/ou ao consumo de canábis. Estes desempenham um papel essencial na conscientização dos pacientes sobre os riscos à saúde oral associados a esses comportamentos e na promoção de estratégias de redução de riscos e cessação tabágica. A implementação de políticas de saúde pública mais eficazes e a criação de programas educacionais são fundamentais para reduzir a prevalência desses comportamentos nocivos e promover uma melhor saúde oral na população. Este trabalho de revisão integrativa da literatura tem como objetivo explorar a influência do tabaco e da canábis nas lesões da cavidade oral, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem proativa por profissionais de saúde oral no tratamento dessas patologias. A metodologia aplicada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, recorrendo a palavras-chave e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, limitada a publicações entre 2019 e 2023.
Tobacco and cannabis are among the most consumed drugs in the world and their impact on oral health is well documented. Tobacco and cannabis use can cause several health problems. The regular use of these addictive substances leads to a progressive deterioration of physical and mental health, accompanied by infectious complications and oral pathologies such as tooth decay, periodontal disease, and xerostomia, among others. The chemical compounds present in tobacco, such as nitrosamines and tar, damage the oral mucosa, favoring genetic mutations that lead to pre-malignant lesions. Likewise, cannabis smoke contains cannabinoids and mutagens that can cause chronic inflammation and alter oral tissues, increasing the risk of oral cancer. Tobacco and cannabis are often used concomitantly, especially in certain groups of consumers. This combined practice can have significant implications for oral health, as it exposes the oral cavity to a variety of toxic chemicals from both tobacco smoke and cannabis. The role of the dentist is crucial in the prevention and early detection of these injuries. Dentists must be prepared to identify clinical signs, such as leukoplakia and oral ulcers, that indicate a risk of complications related to smoking and/or cannabis use. These play an essential role in raising patient awareness of the oral health risks associated with these behaviors and promoting risk reduction and smoking cessation strategies. The implementation of more effective public health policies and the creation of educational programs are essential to reduce the prevalence of these harmful behaviors and promote better oral health in the population. This integrative literature review aims to explore the influence of tobacco and cannabis on oral cavity injuries, emphasizing the importance of a proactive approach by oral health professionals in the treatment of these pathologies. The methodology applied was a bibliographic search in the PubMed database using keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria, limited to publications between 2019 and 2023.
Tobacco and cannabis are among the most consumed drugs in the world and their impact on oral health is well documented. Tobacco and cannabis use can cause several health problems. The regular use of these addictive substances leads to a progressive deterioration of physical and mental health, accompanied by infectious complications and oral pathologies such as tooth decay, periodontal disease, and xerostomia, among others. The chemical compounds present in tobacco, such as nitrosamines and tar, damage the oral mucosa, favoring genetic mutations that lead to pre-malignant lesions. Likewise, cannabis smoke contains cannabinoids and mutagens that can cause chronic inflammation and alter oral tissues, increasing the risk of oral cancer. Tobacco and cannabis are often used concomitantly, especially in certain groups of consumers. This combined practice can have significant implications for oral health, as it exposes the oral cavity to a variety of toxic chemicals from both tobacco smoke and cannabis. The role of the dentist is crucial in the prevention and early detection of these injuries. Dentists must be prepared to identify clinical signs, such as leukoplakia and oral ulcers, that indicate a risk of complications related to smoking and/or cannabis use. These play an essential role in raising patient awareness of the oral health risks associated with these behaviors and promoting risk reduction and smoking cessation strategies. The implementation of more effective public health policies and the creation of educational programs are essential to reduce the prevalence of these harmful behaviors and promote better oral health in the population. This integrative literature review aims to explore the influence of tobacco and cannabis on oral cavity injuries, emphasizing the importance of a proactive approach by oral health professionals in the treatment of these pathologies. The methodology applied was a bibliographic search in the PubMed database using keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria, limited to publications between 2019 and 2023.
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Keywords
Tabaco Canábis Microbiota oral Patologia oral Manifestações orais Tobacco Cannabis Oral microbiota Oral pathology Oral manifestations