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Burnout: um estudo com profissionais de saúde em Portugal
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| Dissertação de mestrado_41442 | 796.52 KB | Adobe PDF |
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O burnout constitui atualmente um dos principais problemas de saúde ocupacional, principalmente entre profissionais de saúde, devido à exposição contínua a exigências emocionais, sobrecarga de trabalho e condições laborais adversas. Paralelamente, os riscos psicossociais têm sido reconhecidos como fatores relevantes para a saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores, estando associados ao desenvolvimento de stress ocupacional e burnout. A literatura evidencia que a exposição prolongada a fatores como ritmos de trabalho intensos, exigências emocionais, horários prolongados e dificuldades nas relações laborais pode contribuir para o aumento dos níveis de burnout nos profissionais de saúde.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os níveis de burnout e a relação com os riscos psicossociais em profissionais de saúde a exercer atividade em Portugal. Foi desenvolvido um estudo quantitativo, transversal e correlacional, com uma amostra de 223 profissionais de saúde, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (87,4%), distribuídos por diferentes classes etárias e contextos profissionais.
A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um questionário online, divulgado pelo método de snowball. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, o Inquérito Saúde e Trabalho (INSAT) para avaliação dos riscos psicossociais, e o Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) para avaliação dos níveis de burnout.
Os resultados evidenciaram níveis consideráveis de burnout, destacando-se a dimensão da exaustão (M = 3,24; DP = 0,98). Relativamente aos riscos psicossociais, os participantes percecionaram o ritmo de trabalho (M = 25,97; DP = 11,66), a relação com a empresa (M = 14,53; DP = 8,53), os tempos de trabalho (M = 13,92; DP = 8,03) e as exigências emocionais (M = 12,82; DP = 7,05) como os fatores mais relevantes. A análise correlacional revelou associações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre todas as dimensões do burnout e os riscos psicossociais, indicando que níveis mais elevados de exposição a riscos psicossociais estão associados a níveis mais elevados de burnout. Destacaram-se particularmente as associações entre a exaustão e as relações com a empresa (r = .671), o ritmo de trabalho (r = .613) e os tempos de trabalho (r = .606).
Conclui-se que os riscos psicossociais constituem fatores relevantes para o desenvolvimento do burnout nos profissionais de saúde. O presente estudo contribui para o aprofundamento do conhecimento acerca da relação entre burnout e riscos psicossociais no contexto da saúde em Portugal, reforçando a importância da implementação de estratégias de prevenção e intervenção organizacional promotoras da saúde mental, do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos profissionais de saúde.
Burnout is currently one of the main occupational health problems, particularly among healthcare professionals, due to continuous exposure to emotional demands, work overload, and adverse working conditions. At the same time, psychosocial risks have been recognized as significant factors affecting workers’ health and well-being, and are associated with the development of occupational stress and burnout. The literature shows that prolonged exposure to factors such as intense work rhythms, emotional demands, long hours, and difficulties in workplace relationships can contribute to increased levels of burnout among healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze burnout levels and their relationship with psychosocial risks among healthcare professionals working in Portugal. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with a sample of 223 healthcare professionals, the majority of whom were female (87.4%), distributed across different age groups and professional contexts. Data collection was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed via the snowball sampling method. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Health and Work Survey (INSAT), was used to assess psychosocial risks, and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) was used to assess levels of burnout. The results revealed considerable levels of burnout, particularly in the exhaustion dimension (M = 3.24; SD = 0.98). Regarding psychosocial risks, participants perceived work pace (M = 25.97; SD = 11.66), their relationship with the company (M = 14.53; SD = 8.53), working hours (M = 13.92; SD = 8.03), and emotional demands (M = 12.82; SD = 7.05) as the most relevant factors. The correlational analysis revealed positive and statistically significant associations between all dimensions of burnout and psychosocial risks, indicating that higher levels of exposure to psychosocial risks are associated with higher levels of burnout. Particularly notable were the associations between exhaustion and relationships with the company (r = .671), work pace (r = .613), and working hours (r = .606). It can be concluded that psychosocial risks are significant factors in the development of burnout among healthcare professionals. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between burnout and psychosocial risks in the healthcare context in Portugal, reinforcing the importance of implementing organizational prevention and intervention strategies that promote mental health, well-being, and quality of life among healthcare professionals.
Burnout is currently one of the main occupational health problems, particularly among healthcare professionals, due to continuous exposure to emotional demands, work overload, and adverse working conditions. At the same time, psychosocial risks have been recognized as significant factors affecting workers’ health and well-being, and are associated with the development of occupational stress and burnout. The literature shows that prolonged exposure to factors such as intense work rhythms, emotional demands, long hours, and difficulties in workplace relationships can contribute to increased levels of burnout among healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze burnout levels and their relationship with psychosocial risks among healthcare professionals working in Portugal. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with a sample of 223 healthcare professionals, the majority of whom were female (87.4%), distributed across different age groups and professional contexts. Data collection was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed via the snowball sampling method. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Health and Work Survey (INSAT), was used to assess psychosocial risks, and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) was used to assess levels of burnout. The results revealed considerable levels of burnout, particularly in the exhaustion dimension (M = 3.24; SD = 0.98). Regarding psychosocial risks, participants perceived work pace (M = 25.97; SD = 11.66), their relationship with the company (M = 14.53; SD = 8.53), working hours (M = 13.92; SD = 8.03), and emotional demands (M = 12.82; SD = 7.05) as the most relevant factors. The correlational analysis revealed positive and statistically significant associations between all dimensions of burnout and psychosocial risks, indicating that higher levels of exposure to psychosocial risks are associated with higher levels of burnout. Particularly notable were the associations between exhaustion and relationships with the company (r = .671), work pace (r = .613), and working hours (r = .606). It can be concluded that psychosocial risks are significant factors in the development of burnout among healthcare professionals. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between burnout and psychosocial risks in the healthcare context in Portugal, reinforcing the importance of implementing organizational prevention and intervention strategies that promote mental health, well-being, and quality of life among healthcare professionals.
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Palavras-chave
Burnout Riscos psicossociais Saúde ocupacional Bem-estar no trabalho Saúde Mental Psychosocial risks Occupational health Well-being at work Mental health