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Análise do uso de antimicrobianos locais no tratamento periodontal
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A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória que causa a destruição dos tecidos de suporte
ao dente. Caracterizada por etiologia multifatorial, as bactérias patogénicas presentes na
área periodontal são os principais agentes responsáveis pela doença.
O tratamento não cirúrgico da periodontite consiste no desbridamento mecânico por
raspagem e alisamento radicular (SRP) em combinação com o controlo eficiente da
placa bacteriana. Apesar da eficácia comprovada, esta abordagem terapêutica apresenta,
no entanto, algumas limitações. Por estes motivos, nos últimos anos, têm vindo a ser
estudados meios adjuvantes ao tratamento não cirúrgico, como a administração de
fármacos antimicrobianos.
Vários agentes antimicrobianos sistémicos ou locais têm sido usados eficazmente no
tratamento da infeção periodontal. A administração local de agentes antimicrobianos,
seja sob a forma de fibras, gel, chips, ou microesferas, permite manter concentrações
adequadas e constante no local da infeção, durante um período de tempo desejado, e
reduz os efeitos adversos da administração sistémica.
O objetivo deste trabalho de revisão bibliográfica foi avaliar o interesse e o potencial da
utilização dos agentes antimicrobianos locais, na doença periodontal e comparar sua
eficácia com administração sistémica dos referidos agentes terapêuticos.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes destruction of tooth supporting tissues, characterized by multifactorial etiology with pathogenic bacteria being the primary etiologic agents that live in the subgingival área. The basic treatment of chronic periodontitis is a mechanical debridement of periodontal pockets by scaling and root planing (SRP) in combination with efficient plaque control. Despite the proven efficacy, this therapeutic approach has, however, some limitations. So in recent years, have been studied adjuvants means to nonsurgical treatment, like administration of antimicrobial agentes, with the aim of improving the short and medium term, the healing periodontal. Various antimicrobial agents have been used effectively in the management of periodontal infection. Whether in the form of fibers, gel, chips, or microspheres, degradable or not, local administration of antimicrobial agents allows to maintain high and more constant concentrations at the target site for a desired period of time and reduces the adverse effects due to an systemic administration of antibiotics. The objective of this work of literature review was to evaluate the interest and potential of the use of local antimicrobial agents in periodontal disease and to compare their efficacy with systemic administration of antibiotic agents.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes destruction of tooth supporting tissues, characterized by multifactorial etiology with pathogenic bacteria being the primary etiologic agents that live in the subgingival área. The basic treatment of chronic periodontitis is a mechanical debridement of periodontal pockets by scaling and root planing (SRP) in combination with efficient plaque control. Despite the proven efficacy, this therapeutic approach has, however, some limitations. So in recent years, have been studied adjuvants means to nonsurgical treatment, like administration of antimicrobial agentes, with the aim of improving the short and medium term, the healing periodontal. Various antimicrobial agents have been used effectively in the management of periodontal infection. Whether in the form of fibers, gel, chips, or microspheres, degradable or not, local administration of antimicrobial agents allows to maintain high and more constant concentrations at the target site for a desired period of time and reduces the adverse effects due to an systemic administration of antibiotics. The objective of this work of literature review was to evaluate the interest and potential of the use of local antimicrobial agents in periodontal disease and to compare their efficacy with systemic administration of antibiotic agents.
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Sistema de administração local de medicamentos Antibióticos Agentes antimicrobianos Doença periodontal Bolsas periodontais Raspagem e alisamento radicular Clorexidina Doxiciclina Minociclina Metronidazol Tetraciclina Local drug delivery system Antibiotics Antimicrobial agentes Periodontal desease Periodontal pockets Scaling and root planing Chlorhexidine Doxycycline Minocycline Metronidazole Tetracycline