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Publication
A comunicação no doente com afasia - intervenções dos enfermeiros de reabilitação
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG_34894 | 976.51 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, uma das doenças mais comuns, é o Acidente Vascular Cerebral. O mesmo, pode resultar da rutura de um vaso cerebral ou da interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo que, irá provocar uma lesão nas células cerebrais, provocando um Acidente Vascular Cerebral hemorrágico ou um Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquémico, respetivamente. As principais sequelas após a ocorrência de um Acidente Vascular Cerebral, são: défices motores; disfagias, e por último, distúrbios da linguagem, tais como: disfonia, disartria e também afasia. A afasia, corresponde a uma alteração na compreensão da linguagem e pode ser de diferentes tipos. De acordo com Instituto Nacional de Estatística (2020), em Portugal no ano de 2018, cerca de 9,9% dos óbitos foram provocados por doenças cerebrovasculares, ou seja, este tipo de patologia apresenta uma taxa de óbitos elevada.
A comunicação, é um processo de extrema importância, pois é através da mesma que o ser humano é capaz de compreender sentimentos, desejos, bem como emoções. A linguagem, é utilizada diariamente pelo ser humano, sendo indispensável para a dinâmica da sociedade. A comunicação, é fundamental na prática diária de enfermagem, pois é através da mesma que os enfermeiros conseguem perceber as necessidades, bem como sentimentos e emoções dos doentes.
Com o objetivo de conhecer as intervenções de enfermagem utilizadas pelos enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação, na comunicação com os doentes afásicos, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostragem utilizada foi não probabilística, em bola de neve. O estudo foi realizado junto de uma amostra de 45 enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação, que desempenham funções em unidade de cuidados continuados, unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, serviços de medicina, neurologia e também neurocirurgia. Para o presente estudo, utilizou-se como instrumento de colheita de dados um questionário, elaborado com base nos objetivos do estudo e baseado no instrumento utilizado por Salgueiro (2014). Este instrumento foi submetido a um pré-teste, visando a verificação da sua adaptabilidade e validade juntos dos enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação.
Para análise e tratamentos dos dados recorreu-se à análise descritiva efetuada através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 26.
Neste estudo, os Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de Reabilitação, mencionaram realizar “Muitas vezes” ou Sempre” intervenções como “Promover o espaço físico adequado (sem ruídos; ambiente tranquilo)”, “Garantir privacidade”, “Apresentar-se ao doente”, “Potenciar a capacidade do doente para comunicar”, “Referir disponibilidade para comunicar”, “Dar uma orientação simples de cada vez”, “Dar tempo ao doente para completar a mensagem, sem o interromper”, “Ouvir atentamente”, “Utilizar palavras simples e frases curtas”, “Utilizar palavras-chave”, “Mostrar imagens para o doente nomear”, “Utilizar comunicação não verbal”, “Encorajar o doente para repetir palavras”, “Reconhecer os progressos do doente, elogiando-o”, “Ensinar a manipular objetos usuais”, “Ensinar a verbalizar as palavras”, “Ensinar a utilizar comunicação não verbal (piscar os olhos; sinais com as mãos), “Utilizar desenhos”, e por fim “Proporcionar ao doente aporte escrito (folha, quadro, lápis/caneta). Enquanto que, a única intervenção que não se verifica diferenças relevantes entre os cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação e os cuidados dos enfermeiros generalistas, é a intervenção “Falar de frente para o doente”.
Currently, one of the most common diseases is stroke. The same can result from the rupture of a cerebral vessel or the interruption of blood flow, which will cause an injury to brain cells, causing a hemorrhagic stroke or an ischemic stroke, respectively. The main sequelae after the occurrence of a Stroke are: motor deficits; dysphagia, and finally, language disorders, such as: dysphonia, dysarthria and also aphasia. Aphasia corresponds to a change in language understanding and can be of different types. According to the National Statistics Institute (2020), in Portugal in 2018, about 9.9% of deaths were caused by cerebrovascular diseases, that is, this type of pathology has a high death rate. Communication is an extremely important process, as it is through it that the human being is able to understand feelings, desires, as well as emotions. Language, is used daily by the human being, being indispensable for the dynamics of society. Communication is essential in daily nursing practice, as it is through it that nurses are able to perceive the needs, as well as the feelings and emotions of the patients. In order to know the nursing interventions used by nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing, when communicating with aphasic patients, a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sampling used was non-probabilistic, in a snowball. The study was carried out with a sample of 45 nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing, who work in a continuous care unit, stroke unit, medical services, neurology and also neurosurgery. For the present study, a questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection, prepared based on the objectives of the study and based on the instrument used by Salgueiro (2014). This instrument was subjected to a pre-test, in order to verify its adaptability and validity together with nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing. For data analysis and treatment, descriptive analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 program. In this study, Nurses Specialized in Rehabilitation Nursing, mentioned performing “Often” or Always ”interventions such as“ Promoting adequate physical space (no noise; quiet environment) ”,“ Ensuring privacy ”,“ Introducing yourself to the patient ”, “Enhancing the patient's ability to communicate”, “Referring availability to communicate”, “Giving simple guidance each time”, “Giving the patient time to complete the message, without interrupting him”, “Listening carefully”, “Using words simple and short sentences ”,“ Using keywords ”,“ Showing images for the patient to name ”,“ Using non-verbal communication ”,“ Encouraging the patient to repeat words ”,“ Recognizing the patient's progress, praising him ”, “Teaching how to manipulate usual objects”, “Teaching how to verbalize words”, “Teaching how to use non-verbal communication (blinking the eyes; hand signals),“ Using drawings ”, and finally“ Providing the patient with written input (sheet , board, pencil / pen). While, the only intervention that does not find relevant differences between rehabilitation nursing care and the care of generalist nurses, is the intervention “Speak in front of the patient”.
Currently, one of the most common diseases is stroke. The same can result from the rupture of a cerebral vessel or the interruption of blood flow, which will cause an injury to brain cells, causing a hemorrhagic stroke or an ischemic stroke, respectively. The main sequelae after the occurrence of a Stroke are: motor deficits; dysphagia, and finally, language disorders, such as: dysphonia, dysarthria and also aphasia. Aphasia corresponds to a change in language understanding and can be of different types. According to the National Statistics Institute (2020), in Portugal in 2018, about 9.9% of deaths were caused by cerebrovascular diseases, that is, this type of pathology has a high death rate. Communication is an extremely important process, as it is through it that the human being is able to understand feelings, desires, as well as emotions. Language, is used daily by the human being, being indispensable for the dynamics of society. Communication is essential in daily nursing practice, as it is through it that nurses are able to perceive the needs, as well as the feelings and emotions of the patients. In order to know the nursing interventions used by nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing, when communicating with aphasic patients, a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sampling used was non-probabilistic, in a snowball. The study was carried out with a sample of 45 nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing, who work in a continuous care unit, stroke unit, medical services, neurology and also neurosurgery. For the present study, a questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection, prepared based on the objectives of the study and based on the instrument used by Salgueiro (2014). This instrument was subjected to a pre-test, in order to verify its adaptability and validity together with nurses who are specialists in rehabilitation nursing. For data analysis and treatment, descriptive analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 program. In this study, Nurses Specialized in Rehabilitation Nursing, mentioned performing “Often” or Always ”interventions such as“ Promoting adequate physical space (no noise; quiet environment) ”,“ Ensuring privacy ”,“ Introducing yourself to the patient ”, “Enhancing the patient's ability to communicate”, “Referring availability to communicate”, “Giving simple guidance each time”, “Giving the patient time to complete the message, without interrupting him”, “Listening carefully”, “Using words simple and short sentences ”,“ Using keywords ”,“ Showing images for the patient to name ”,“ Using non-verbal communication ”,“ Encouraging the patient to repeat words ”,“ Recognizing the patient's progress, praising him ”, “Teaching how to manipulate usual objects”, “Teaching how to verbalize words”, “Teaching how to use non-verbal communication (blinking the eyes; hand signals),“ Using drawings ”, and finally“ Providing the patient with written input (sheet , board, pencil / pen). While, the only intervention that does not find relevant differences between rehabilitation nursing care and the care of generalist nurses, is the intervention “Speak in front of the patient”.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Acidente Vascular Cerebral Afasia Comunicação Reabilitação Enfermagem Stroke Aphasia Communication Rehabilitation Nursing