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Interface pilar-implante
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Considerando o sucesso clínico comprovado nas reabilitações com implantes e a sua consequente longevidade, é importante perceber a etiologia dos insucessos atribuíveis a causas relacionadas com os componentes do implante. Assim, a interface pilar-implante assume uma importância de relevo na reabilitação implanto-suportada, uma vez que tem um papel essencial na união entre dois dos componentes essenciais para essa reabilitação: O implante e o elemento protético. O propósito desta revisão bibliográfica foi analisar a importância do perfeito ajuste entre pilar e implante, as suas implicações biomecânicas, funcionais, biológicas e clínicas, bem como os diferentes comportamentos assumidos pela interface pilar-implante perante determinadas limitações. É no sucesso da perfeita adaptação marginal e no assentamento passivo que se pode traduzir uma maior ou menor longevidade do implante. Não existem estudos longitudinais que informem de casos de insucesso nos implantes atribuídos especificamente à ausência de assentamento passivo, sendo que de acordo com a literatura revista, ainda não foi possível obter um assentamento passivo absoluto. De acordo com a revisão da literatura realizada, foi possível verificar que o desajuste entre a base do implante e o pilar protético e a falta de adaptação passiva entre a prótese e os pilares podem levar a fracturas tanto dos componentes protéticos como do parafuso do pilar ou podendo levar também ao desenvolvimento da placa bacteriana e até mesmo ao insucesso no fenómeno da osteointegração.
Considering the proven clinical success in the rehabilitation with implants and its consequent long lifetime, it is important to understand the etiology of the failures that are caused by the components of the implant. Therefore the abutment-implant interface plays a key role in the implant supported rehabilitation as it is considered an essential join of the two main components of this rehabilitation: the implant and the prosthetic element. The purpose of this literature review is the analysis of the importance of the perfect setting of the abutment-implant interface, the implications of its biomechanical, functional and biologic aspects, as well the different reactions of this interface when submitted to certain restrictions. The duration of the implant shall be determined by a successful marginal adaptation, as well as by a successful passive fit. There are no longitudinal studies made that can reported failures due to lack of passive fit in implants and in accordance with the literature reviewed, it was not yet possible to obtain an absolute passive fit. In accordance with the literature reviewed, it is possible to verify that the gap between the implant base and the prosthetic abutment and the lack of passive adaptation between the prosthesis and the abutments may cause fractures in the prosthetic components, as well as in the abutment screw. It may also cause the development of a bacterial plaque and even lead to the failure of the osseointegration process.
Considering the proven clinical success in the rehabilitation with implants and its consequent long lifetime, it is important to understand the etiology of the failures that are caused by the components of the implant. Therefore the abutment-implant interface plays a key role in the implant supported rehabilitation as it is considered an essential join of the two main components of this rehabilitation: the implant and the prosthetic element. The purpose of this literature review is the analysis of the importance of the perfect setting of the abutment-implant interface, the implications of its biomechanical, functional and biologic aspects, as well the different reactions of this interface when submitted to certain restrictions. The duration of the implant shall be determined by a successful marginal adaptation, as well as by a successful passive fit. There are no longitudinal studies made that can reported failures due to lack of passive fit in implants and in accordance with the literature reviewed, it was not yet possible to obtain an absolute passive fit. In accordance with the literature reviewed, it is possible to verify that the gap between the implant base and the prosthetic abutment and the lack of passive adaptation between the prosthesis and the abutments may cause fractures in the prosthetic components, as well as in the abutment screw. It may also cause the development of a bacterial plaque and even lead to the failure of the osseointegration process.
Descrição
Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Licenciado em Medicina Dentária.
Palavras-chave
Implante Osteointegração Interface pilar-implante Pilar intermédio Parafuso Tipo de conexão Assentamento passivo Grau de adaptação Implant Osseointegration Implant-abutment interface Middle abutment Screw Connection type Passive fit Degree of adaptation