Publication
Gestão da saúde mental em emergências e desastres: estudo etnográfico na Hungria
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O gerenciamento de desastres ambientais ocorre a partir de um ciclo de etapas. A
escolha de qual formato deve ser utilizado precisa estar em consonância com aquilo que
é necessidade de cada país. Do ponto de vista da área da saúde mental, como parte
integrante no gerenciamento de desastres, o impacto das emergências e dos desastres
sobre a saúde pode implicar em uma perturbação psicossocial que ultrapassa a
capacidade de resposta da população afetada (Organización Panamericana de la Salud,
2009). Na Hungria, de acordo com a experiência em 2010 no desastre da “Lama
Vermelha”, um dos piores desastres que atingiram cerca de 718 pessoas, os
profissionais da área de saúde mental relataram que encontraram dificuldades no âmbito
das intervenções psicossociais, dentre as quais destacaram: o apoio psicológico não foi
inserido no gerenciamento de crises a médio e longo prazo, falha na comunicação das
intervenções à população, dificuldades para evacuação, fraca coordenação das doações,
falta de protocolos para integração de voluntários, estigma quanto ao papel do psicólogo
e falta de compreensão da relevância de intervenções psicossociais pelas autoridades e
responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do desastre (Komlósi et al., 2015). A partir de um
estudo preliminar sobre as consequências psicossociais deste desastre, realizado por
Kopp e Skrabski (2008), foram identificadas que 56% das vítimas primárias e 59% das
vítimas secundárias sofrem de algum tipo de problema de saúde consideravelmente
maior que a população média da Hungria. Neste âmbito que o objetivo do presente
estudo foi conhecer a opinião de profissionais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente em
emergências e desastres ambientais, nomeadamente no que se refere a atuação da área
de saúde mental nas diferentes etapas de gerenciamento de desastres (preparação,
prevenção, resposta e avaliação). Participaram no presente estudo 4 profissionais
húngaros que trabalham em instituições públicas voltadas às questões de Emergências e
Desastres em Buda e Peste. A abordagem escolhida para condução do estudo foi o
método etnográfico, através dos seguintes instrumentos para recolha das informações:
diário de campo, entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário. Para a discussão dos
resultados foram utilizados dois planos internacionais de intervenção, o Comitê
Permanente entre Agências sobre Saúde Mental e Apoio Psicossocial em Situações de
Emergências e o Guia prático de Saúde Mental em Situações de Desastres elaborado
pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados apontam que às intervenções na
Hungria são predominantemente assistenciais e de pouca participação comunitária. As
intervenções na área da saúde mental estão voltadas a fase de resposta, junto aos
afetados utilizando-se de abordagens direcionadas ao trauma. No entanto, apesar de
existirem profissionais capacitados para intervenções em desastres, ainda há falta de
reconhecimento das potencialidades da saúde mental em diferentes etapas do
gerenciamento de desastres, tais como para avaliações de risco, ações junto a
comunidade e no preparo dos profissionais. O presente estudo enfatiza a importância de
validar e incluir nos planos nacionais os contributos da área da saúde mental, orientado
pelas organizações internacionais, de forma a auxiliar o preparo da comunidade e dos
profissionais nas respostas aos desastres ambientais.
Natural disaster management occurs from a cycle of steps. The choice of which format to use must be according with what each country needs. From the point of view of the mental health area, as an integral part of disaster management, the impact of emergencies and disasters on health can lead to a psychosocial disturbance that exceeds the response capacity of the affected population (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In Hungary, according to the 2010 experience in the "Red Sludge" disaster, one of the worst disasters that affected about 718 people, mental health professionals reported that they encountered difficulties in psychosocial interventions, among which : the psychological support was not inserted in the management of crises in the medium and long term, failure to communicate interventions to the population, difficulties for evacuation, poor coordination of donations, lack of protocols for integration of volunteers, stigma as to the role of psychologist and lack of understanding the relevance of psychosocial interventions by the authorities and managers of the disaster (Komlósi et al., 2015). From a preliminary study on the psychosocial consequences of this disaster according Kopp and Skrabski (2008), 56% of primary victims and 59% of secondary victims have been identified as suffering from some type of health problem that is considerably larger than the average population of Hungary. In this context, the objective of the present study was to know the opinion of professionals directly or indirectly involved in environmental emergencies and disasters, particularly in the area of mental health in different stages of disaster management (preparation, prevention, response and evaluation). Four Hungarian professionals working in public institutions dealing with Emergencies and Disasters in Buda and Pest participated in this study. The approach chosen to conduct the study was the ethnographic method, through the following instruments for collecting information: field diary, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. Two international intervention plans, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies, and the Practical Guide on Mental Health in Disaster Situations prepared by the World Health Organization were used to discuss the results. The results indicate that interventions in Hungary are predominantly care-giving and with little community participation. Interventions in the area of mental health are focused on the response phase, along with those affected using trauma-based approaches. However, although there are trained professionals for disaster interventions, there is still a lack of recognition of the potentialities of mental health in different stages of disaster management, such as for risk assessments, community actions and the training of professionals. The present study emphasizes the importance of validating and including in the national plans the contributions of the mental health area, guided by the international organizations, in order to assist the preparation of the community and the professionals in the responses to the natural disasters.
Natural disaster management occurs from a cycle of steps. The choice of which format to use must be according with what each country needs. From the point of view of the mental health area, as an integral part of disaster management, the impact of emergencies and disasters on health can lead to a psychosocial disturbance that exceeds the response capacity of the affected population (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In Hungary, according to the 2010 experience in the "Red Sludge" disaster, one of the worst disasters that affected about 718 people, mental health professionals reported that they encountered difficulties in psychosocial interventions, among which : the psychological support was not inserted in the management of crises in the medium and long term, failure to communicate interventions to the population, difficulties for evacuation, poor coordination of donations, lack of protocols for integration of volunteers, stigma as to the role of psychologist and lack of understanding the relevance of psychosocial interventions by the authorities and managers of the disaster (Komlósi et al., 2015). From a preliminary study on the psychosocial consequences of this disaster according Kopp and Skrabski (2008), 56% of primary victims and 59% of secondary victims have been identified as suffering from some type of health problem that is considerably larger than the average population of Hungary. In this context, the objective of the present study was to know the opinion of professionals directly or indirectly involved in environmental emergencies and disasters, particularly in the area of mental health in different stages of disaster management (preparation, prevention, response and evaluation). Four Hungarian professionals working in public institutions dealing with Emergencies and Disasters in Buda and Pest participated in this study. The approach chosen to conduct the study was the ethnographic method, through the following instruments for collecting information: field diary, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. Two international intervention plans, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies, and the Practical Guide on Mental Health in Disaster Situations prepared by the World Health Organization were used to discuss the results. The results indicate that interventions in Hungary are predominantly care-giving and with little community participation. Interventions in the area of mental health are focused on the response phase, along with those affected using trauma-based approaches. However, although there are trained professionals for disaster interventions, there is still a lack of recognition of the potentialities of mental health in different stages of disaster management, such as for risk assessments, community actions and the training of professionals. The present study emphasizes the importance of validating and including in the national plans the contributions of the mental health area, guided by the international organizations, in order to assist the preparation of the community and the professionals in the responses to the natural disasters.
Description
Keywords
Desastres Ambientais Saúde Mental Intervenções psicossociais Gerenciamento de desastres Natural Disasters Mental Health Psychosocial Interventions Disaster Management