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Transplante de microbiota fecal
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Abstract(s)
O Transplante de Microbiota Fecal consiste na transferência de material fecal de um dador saudável para um recetor doente com o objetivo de restaurar uma microflora intestinal disbiótica, provocada pelo uso de antibióticos ou outras perturbações do microbioma. A principal indicação para a utilização do Transplante de Microbiota Fecal é a infeção recorrente por Clostridium difficile e foi demonstrada uma elevada eficácia na erradicação desta infeção e dos sintomas a ela associados. Existem outras patologias, gastrointestinais ou não, passíveis de serem tratadas através do Transplante de Microbiota Fecal. Contudo, é necessário comprovar o seu potencial terapêutico e realizar estudos aprofundados para confirmar a utilização deste método no tratamento dessas doenças. O Transplante de Microbiota Fecal pode ser administrado através do trato gastrointestinal superior (sonda nasogástrica, nasoduodenal, esofagogastroduodenoscopia ou cápsulas orais) ou do trato gastrointestinal inferior (colonoscopia, sigmoidoscopia ou enema de retenção). No entanto, deve-se ter em conta os riscos e benefícios de cada via de administração, bem como, e não menos importante, o estado de saúde do doente. Não existe ainda um consenso no que diz respeito à regulamentação legislativa do Transplante de Microbiota Fecal. No entanto, consideram-se duas possibilidades para o classificar: como um medicamento biológico ou como um tecido humano. Esta última incentiva e promove a pesquisa e garante a segurança do procedimento, uma vez que é exigida a todos os tecidos humanos destinados a serem transplantados a triagem completa das amostras e o controlo dos registos. Porém, a Food and Drug Administration considera o Transplante de Microbiota Fecal um produto biológico e classificou-o como um medicamento experimental.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation consists of transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a diseased recipient with the aim of restoring a dysbiotic intestinal microflora caused by the use of antibiotics or other disorders of the microbiome. The main indication for the use of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation is recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and a high efficacy has been demonstrated in the eradication of this infection and the associated symptoms. There are other pathologies, gastrointestinal or otherwise, that can be treated through Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. However, it is necessary to prove its therapeutic potential and carry out in-depth studies to confirm the use of this method in the treatment of these diseases. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation can be administered through the upper gastrointestinal tract (nasogastric tube, nasoduodenal, esophagogastroduodenoscopy or oral capsule) or lower gastrointestinsl tract (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or retention enema). However, should be taken in consideration the risks and benefits of each route of administration as well as, nonetheless, the patient's state of health. There is still no consensus regarding the legislative regulation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, and there are two possibilities for classification: as a biological drug or as a human tissue. The latter encourages and promotes research and ensures the safety of the procedure, since all human tissues intended for transplantation are required for complete screening of samples as well as control of the records. Nonetheless, the Food and Drug Administration considers Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to be a biological product and has classified it as an experimental drug.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation consists of transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a diseased recipient with the aim of restoring a dysbiotic intestinal microflora caused by the use of antibiotics or other disorders of the microbiome. The main indication for the use of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation is recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and a high efficacy has been demonstrated in the eradication of this infection and the associated symptoms. There are other pathologies, gastrointestinal or otherwise, that can be treated through Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. However, it is necessary to prove its therapeutic potential and carry out in-depth studies to confirm the use of this method in the treatment of these diseases. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation can be administered through the upper gastrointestinal tract (nasogastric tube, nasoduodenal, esophagogastroduodenoscopy or oral capsule) or lower gastrointestinsl tract (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or retention enema). However, should be taken in consideration the risks and benefits of each route of administration as well as, nonetheless, the patient's state of health. There is still no consensus regarding the legislative regulation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, and there are two possibilities for classification: as a biological drug or as a human tissue. The latter encourages and promotes research and ensures the safety of the procedure, since all human tissues intended for transplantation are required for complete screening of samples as well as control of the records. Nonetheless, the Food and Drug Administration considers Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to be a biological product and has classified it as an experimental drug.
Description
Keywords
Transplante de microbiota fecal Microbioma intestinal Microbiota intestinal Clostridium difficile Bacterioterapia Transplante fecal Diretrizes para infeções por Clostridium difficile Doença Inflamatória intestinal Vias de administração do transplante de microbiota fecal Formas farmacêuticas do transplante de microbiota fecal Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Gut microbiome Gut microbiota Clostridium difficile Bacteriotherapy Fecal transplant Guidelines for Clostridium difficile infections Inflammatory bowel disease Administration routes of fecal microbiota transplantation Pharmaceutical forms of fecal microbiota transplantation