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Tratamento da sobrecarga de ferro com agentes quelantes
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Abstract(s)
A sobrecarga de ferro no organismo humano geralmente ocorre devido a problemas genéticos, transfusões frequentes de sangue, excessivo consumo de suplementos de ferro ou uma dieta alimentar com acentuada ingestão de alimentos ricos em ferro.
Apesar de existirem mecanismos fisiológicos para regular os níveis de ferro no corpo humano (que passam pela sua absorção controlada no intestino delgado, o seu armazenamento no fígado, no baço e na medula óssea e a excreção através do trato gastrointestinal), esses mecanismos podem ser insuficientes, levando a danos em tecidos e órgãos (como, por exemplo, fígado, coração e pâncreas). Nessas situações, é necessário adotar medidas que permitam minimizar ou reverter a situação. O tratamento depende da causa subjacente e pode incluir terapias de flebotomia, uso de medicamentos quelantes e/ou alterações na dieta.
Em algumas condições, o tratamento com recurso a medicamentos quelantes desempenha um papel importante, reduzindo os níveis de ferro e prevenindo as complicações relacionadas. Os agentes quelantes mais comumente utilizados e aprovados para terapia quelante de ferro incluem a desferroxamina, a deferiprona e a deferasirox. A desferroxamina, administrada tipicamente por infusão subcutânea ou intravenosa, é frequentemente usada em casos de sobrecarga de ferro grave, enquanto a deferiprona e a deferasirox, administradas por via oral, oferecem uma opção mais conveniente para os pacientes que necessitam de tratamento a longo prazo.
Embora os quelantes de ferro sejam eficazes na redução dos níveis de ferro no organismo, seu uso pode estar associado a efeitos adversos, como distúrbios gastrointestinais, toxicidade hepática e, em casos raros, complicações renais.
Iron overload in the human body generally occurs due to genetic problems, frequent blood transfusions, excessive consumption of iron supplements or a diet with a high intake of iron-rich foods. Although there are physiological mechanisms to regulate iron levels in the human body (which include its controlled absorption in the small intestine, its storage in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and excretion through the gastrointestinal tract), these mechanisms can be insufficient, leading to damage to tissues and organs (such as the liver, heart, and pancreas). In these situations, it is necessary to adopt measures to minimize or reverse the condition. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include phlebotomy therapies, use of chelating medications, and/or dietary changes. In some conditions, treatment using chelation therapy plays an important role, reducing iron levels and preventing related complications. The most commonly used and approved chelating agents for iron chelation therapy include deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox. Deferoxamine, typically administered by subcutaneous or intravenous infusion, is often used in cases of severe iron overload, while deferiprone and deferasirox, administered orally, offer a more convenient option for patients requiring long-term treatment. Although iron chelators are effective in reducing iron levels in the body, their use may be associated with adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders, liver toxicity, and, in rare cases, kidney complications.
Iron overload in the human body generally occurs due to genetic problems, frequent blood transfusions, excessive consumption of iron supplements or a diet with a high intake of iron-rich foods. Although there are physiological mechanisms to regulate iron levels in the human body (which include its controlled absorption in the small intestine, its storage in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and excretion through the gastrointestinal tract), these mechanisms can be insufficient, leading to damage to tissues and organs (such as the liver, heart, and pancreas). In these situations, it is necessary to adopt measures to minimize or reverse the condition. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include phlebotomy therapies, use of chelating medications, and/or dietary changes. In some conditions, treatment using chelation therapy plays an important role, reducing iron levels and preventing related complications. The most commonly used and approved chelating agents for iron chelation therapy include deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox. Deferoxamine, typically administered by subcutaneous or intravenous infusion, is often used in cases of severe iron overload, while deferiprone and deferasirox, administered orally, offer a more convenient option for patients requiring long-term treatment. Although iron chelators are effective in reducing iron levels in the body, their use may be associated with adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders, liver toxicity, and, in rare cases, kidney complications.
Description
Keywords
Sobrecarga de ferro Agentes quelantes Desferroxamina Deferiprona Deferasirox Iron overload Chelating agents Deferoxamine Deferiprone