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Comportamento antissocial em crianças dos seis aos onze anos: avaliação e gestão do risco
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O comportamento antissocial na infância tem sido ao longo do tempo considerado
potenciador do comportamento delinquente e criminal futuro. Em Portugal, o aumento de
casos sinalizados às Comissões de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens, por comportamentos
antissociais, tem sido exponencial. Não obstante os inúmeros trabalhos internacionais neste
âmbito, a investigação científica nacional neste domínio afigura-se diminuta. Neste sentido, a
presente dissertação, constituída por dois estudos empíricos, procurou incidir sobre os fatores
de risco associados a esta temática, as diferenças entre sexos, recorrendo, para tal, a
instrumentos identificados pela sua boa precisão e utilidade em termos da avaliação e
intervenção.
O primeiro estudo procurou caracterizar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência do
comportamento antissocial, procurando perceber se existem diferenças entre rapazes e
raparigas, recorrendo aos instrumentos de avaliação – EARL-20B e EARL-21G. Para tal
foram analisados 85 processos de promoção e proteção referentes a 65 rapazes e 20 raparigas
com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os onze anos. Apuraram-se diferenças entre sexos,
com a maior parte (52.3%) dos rapazes a apresentar um nível de risco elevado, ao contrário
das raparigas, que maioritariamente (50%) apresentaram um nível moderado. Verificou-se
que os rapazes apresentam maior pontuação nos fatores associados com a própria criança
(e.g., hiperatividade). O segundo estudo procurou estudar as propriedades psicométricas do
EARL-20B, tendo por base uma amostra de crianças portuguesas referenciadas na Comissão
de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens (CPCJ). Foram analisados 65 processos referentes a
crianças do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os onze anos. Os
resultados demonstraram que este instrumento atingiu uma boa consistência interna (α = .82),
sendo que oferece fidedignas garantias relativamente à precisão da avaliação. Verificou-se também que a pontuação total e a pontuação da subescala da família foram estatisticamente
significativas para preverem a adoção de comportamentos antissociais.
De um modo geral, os resultados da presente dissertação apelaram à importância de
precocemente se identificarem os fatores de risco para o comportamento delinquente e
criminal futuro, bem como a necessidade para a utilização de um suporte específico que
auxilie os profissionais na gestão do risco de comportamentos antissociais.
The antisocial behavior in childhood has been considering an enhancer of future delinquent and criminal behavior. In Portugal, there has been an exponential increase on the number of antisocial children cases. However, the national scientific investigation, in this area, appears to be small, nevertheless there are a numerous international studies in this subject. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate on the risk factors of antisocial behaviors, the differences between boys and girls, using tools with good reliability and utility in both the assessment and the intervention. With this in mind, two empirical studies were made. The first study analyzed the differences of risk factors and levels between boys and girls. Specifically, the characterization of the risk factors on boys and girls, using the assessment tools – EARL-20B and EARL-21G – analyzing 85 processes in which 65 referring to boys and 20 to girls, both with ages between six to eleven years old. The results demonstrated that there are differences between sexes, being that the boys presented a high risk level (52.3%), unlike girls that presented a moderate risk level (50%). Regarding risk factors, it was found that the boys had high scores in factors associated with the Child domain (e.g., hyperactivity). The second study intended to investigate the psychometrics proprieties of EARL-20B on a sample of Portuguese children that have been referenced to the Commission for the Protection children and youngsters, analyzing 65 processes referring to boys. The results demonstrated that this instrument has a good reliability, offering good guarantees in the assessment's precision. It was verified that the EARL-20B total and family item scores were statistically significant for the prevention of antisocial behaviors. In general, the results of this thesis have appealed to the importance of the early identification of risk factors for future delinquent and criminal behavior, as well as the need to use a specific support that helps professionals in managing the risk of antisocial behavior.
The antisocial behavior in childhood has been considering an enhancer of future delinquent and criminal behavior. In Portugal, there has been an exponential increase on the number of antisocial children cases. However, the national scientific investigation, in this area, appears to be small, nevertheless there are a numerous international studies in this subject. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate on the risk factors of antisocial behaviors, the differences between boys and girls, using tools with good reliability and utility in both the assessment and the intervention. With this in mind, two empirical studies were made. The first study analyzed the differences of risk factors and levels between boys and girls. Specifically, the characterization of the risk factors on boys and girls, using the assessment tools – EARL-20B and EARL-21G – analyzing 85 processes in which 65 referring to boys and 20 to girls, both with ages between six to eleven years old. The results demonstrated that there are differences between sexes, being that the boys presented a high risk level (52.3%), unlike girls that presented a moderate risk level (50%). Regarding risk factors, it was found that the boys had high scores in factors associated with the Child domain (e.g., hyperactivity). The second study intended to investigate the psychometrics proprieties of EARL-20B on a sample of Portuguese children that have been referenced to the Commission for the Protection children and youngsters, analyzing 65 processes referring to boys. The results demonstrated that this instrument has a good reliability, offering good guarantees in the assessment's precision. It was verified that the EARL-20B total and family item scores were statistically significant for the prevention of antisocial behaviors. In general, the results of this thesis have appealed to the importance of the early identification of risk factors for future delinquent and criminal behavior, as well as the need to use a specific support that helps professionals in managing the risk of antisocial behavior.
Description
Keywords
Risco Avaliação Diferenças de sexo EARL-20B Risk Assessment Sex’s differences EARL-20B