Publication
Fotografia analógica, fotografia digital e Promptography: igualdades, divergências e desafios futuros
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A fotografia é, por vezes, esquecida, apesar de nos cruzarmos com ela, diariamente. Talvez isto se deva, principalmente, à sua quase omnipresença na Internet, que a banalizou, tornando-a em algo trivial que está a perder o fascínio anteriormente causado. Quando surgiu, a fotografia digital causou furor entre os fotógrafos, desde logo porque colocou em risco a legitimidade de créditos ao fotógrafo, alegando, alguns autores, que seria resultado de uma câmara e não do trabalho do profissional. No entanto, não devemos esquecer que o mesmo aconteceu com o surgimento da câmara analógica, com a discussão se as fotografias eram, ou não, Arte, tendo alguns teóricos alegado que as fotografias eram, também, um resultado de processos mecânicos e não apenas artísticos, ao contrário das pinturas. Embora a fotografia digital, por envolver mais tecnologias, tenha aumentado os receios dos artistas quanto à sua qualidade artística, desde sempre o universo da fotografia esteve envolvido em polémicas. Agora com a promptography estamos a ter uma repetição da história. Com o surgimento e comercialização das aplicações baseadas em Inteligência Artificial (IA), o universo fotográfico, tal como aconteceu em vários outras áreas, foi abalado. Mais uma vez fazendo soar os alarmes, a verdade é que a IA também veio motivar novas formas de criatividade do ser humano, tendo, nesse contexto, surgido aquilo que alguns autores apelidam de promptography. A promptography revelou e desencadeou, assim, problemas já existentes, suscitando, porém, novos questionamentos relativamente ao papel do humano, na criação fotográfica. Urge, assim, o debate sobre fotografia analógica, fotografia digital e promptography, analisando a sua relação, o impacto que têm em várias áreas, afetando a sociedade e os indivíduos – ao nível do entretenimento, comunicação, autoexpressão, entre outros. Este trabalho tem como intuito ser um ponto de partida para um debate, uma vez que ignorar, não é a solução. Para um conhecimento mais profundo, proponho primeiro perceber em que consiste uma fotografia e uma promptography e, assim analisar os problemas que têm em comum – manipulação e a consequente falta de transparência, e a falta de direitos, bem como a dúvida de quem e como se deve atribuir os créditos destas imagens.
Photography is sometimes forgotten, despite us coming across it daily. Perhaps this is mainly due to its almost omnipresence on the Internet, which has trivialized it, turning it into something trivial that is losing its previous fascination. When it emerged, digital photography caused a furor among photographers, firstly because it put the legitimacy of credits to the photographer at risk, with some authors claiming that it was the result of a camera and not the work of the professional. However, we must not forget that the same happened with the emergence of the analogue camera, with the discussion whether or not photographs were Art, with some theorists claiming that photographs were also a result of mechanical processes and not just artistic ones, unlike paintings. Although digital photography, as it involves more technologies, has increased artists' concerns about its artistic quality, the world of photography has always been involved in controversy. Now with promptography we are having a repeat of history. With the emergence and commercialization of applications based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), the photographic universe, as happened in many other areas, was shaken. Once again raising alarm bells, the truth is that AI has also come to motivate new forms of human creativity, having, in this context, emerged what some authors call promptography. Promptography thus revealed and triggered existing problems, raising, however, new questions regarding the role of humans in photographic creation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to debate analogue photography, digital photography and promptography, analyzing their relationship, the impact they have on various areas, affecting society and individuals – in terms of entertainment, communication, self-expression, among others. This work is intended to be a starting point for a debate, as ignoring is not the solution. For a deeper understanding, I propose to first understand what a photograph and a promptography consist of and, thus, analyze the problems they have in common – manipulation and the consequent lack of transparency, and the lack of rights, as well as the doubt of who and how credits must be given for these images.
Photography is sometimes forgotten, despite us coming across it daily. Perhaps this is mainly due to its almost omnipresence on the Internet, which has trivialized it, turning it into something trivial that is losing its previous fascination. When it emerged, digital photography caused a furor among photographers, firstly because it put the legitimacy of credits to the photographer at risk, with some authors claiming that it was the result of a camera and not the work of the professional. However, we must not forget that the same happened with the emergence of the analogue camera, with the discussion whether or not photographs were Art, with some theorists claiming that photographs were also a result of mechanical processes and not just artistic ones, unlike paintings. Although digital photography, as it involves more technologies, has increased artists' concerns about its artistic quality, the world of photography has always been involved in controversy. Now with promptography we are having a repeat of history. With the emergence and commercialization of applications based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), the photographic universe, as happened in many other areas, was shaken. Once again raising alarm bells, the truth is that AI has also come to motivate new forms of human creativity, having, in this context, emerged what some authors call promptography. Promptography thus revealed and triggered existing problems, raising, however, new questions regarding the role of humans in photographic creation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to debate analogue photography, digital photography and promptography, analyzing their relationship, the impact they have on various areas, affecting society and individuals – in terms of entertainment, communication, self-expression, among others. This work is intended to be a starting point for a debate, as ignoring is not the solution. For a deeper understanding, I propose to first understand what a photograph and a promptography consist of and, thus, analyze the problems they have in common – manipulation and the consequent lack of transparency, and the lack of rights, as well as the doubt of who and how credits must be given for these images.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Comunicação
Keywords
Fotografia Promptography Manipulação Créditos Inteligência artificial Photography Manipulation Credits Artificial intelligence