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O papel da idade na felicidade, bem-estar e sentido de vida: um estudo exploratório
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Abstract(s)
A felicidade tem sido cientificamente analisada e discutida nos anos recentes tendo como caracterização um estado emocional positivo com sentimentos de bem-estar e prazer e pode ser ampliada através da realização de tarefas e objetivos que sejam agradáveis de se cumprir, uma vez que o significado atribuído à vida está naquilo que para o individuo tenha um significado, um motivo prazeroso para o mesmo (Csikszentmihalvi,1990 citado por Marques et al., 2021). De forma a reforçar os atributos que caracterizam esta temática, Martin Seligman desenvolveu o Modelo PERMA que tem como objetivo principal a compreensão do bem-estar, assim como as três dimensões pertencentes à felicidade: a vida significativa, a vida agradável e a vida comprometida (Ferreira et al., 2020; Seligman, 2011).
O sentido de vida surge como interesse para a Psicologia através da compreensão daquilo que seria o sentido de vida, no decorrer dos conhecimentos e pressupostos relacionados com o existencialismo, estando inserido na felicidade e no bem-estar, sendo composto por duas perspetivas fundamentais: a presença de sentido de vida e a procura de sentido de vida (Damásio, 2013; Kraus et al., 2008; Krok, 2018).
Alguma investigação tem sugerido a importância de se estudarem dimensões relevantes da felicidade e bem-estar e sentido de vida, onde se inclui a idade.
Neste âmbito apresenta-se um estudo que pretende analisar a relação entre a felicidade, bem-estar e sentido de vida e a idade, analisando de que forma é que esta pode ter impacto na vida das pessoas. Participaram neste estudo 471 indivíduos, 133 do sexo masculino, os quais representam 28,2% da amostra total e 338 do sexo feminino, representativos de 71,8% do número total de participantes, tendo como idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 86 anos. Os dados recolhidos foram recolhidos através dos seguintes instrumentos: um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Psicologia Positiva (IPP) adaptado para a população portuguesa por Ferreira et al. (2020) e o Questionário de Sentido de Vida (QSV) adaptado para a versão portuguesa por Portugal et al. (2017).
Da análise dos resultados recolhidos, observou-se que a idade está correlacionada com a felicidade de uma forma positiva e significativa, constatando-se que quanto maior for a idade, maiores são os níveis de felicidade e bem-estar. No que diz respeito à idade e ao sentido de vida, verificou-se que existe uma correlação forte positiva entre a idade e as dimensões de sentido de vida, uma vez que com o avançar da idade as pessoas sentem-se mais satisfeitas com a vida que têm.
É possível concluir este estudo vem realçar a importância da idade na felicidade, bem-estar e sentido de vida em cada indivíduo, sendo que esta investigação pode servir como impulsionador de modo a aprofundar mais esta temática e perceber de que forma é que os acontecimentos vividos nas diversas faixas etárias tem impacto na felicidade, bem-estar e sentido de vida e no desenvolvimento da saúde mental dos indivíduos.
Happiness has been discussed scientifically for some years now and can be characterized by a positive emotional state with feelings of well-being and pleasure and can be enhanced by accomplishing tasks and goals that are pleasant to accomplish, since the meaning attributed to life is in what for the individual has a meaning, a pleasurable reason for it (Csikszentmihalvi,1990 cited by Marques et al., 2021). In order to reinforce the attributes that characterize this theme, Martin Seligman developed the PERMA Model that has as its main objective the construction of well-being, as well as the three dimensions belonging to happiness: the meaningful life, the pleasant life and the engaged life (Ferreira et al., 2020; Seligman, 2011). The meaning of life emerges as an interest for Psychology through the understanding of what the meaning of life would be, in the course of knowledge and assumptions related to existentialism, being inserted in happiness and well-being, being composed of two fundamental perspectives: the presence of meaning of life and the search for meaning of life (Damásio, 2013; Kraus et al., 2008; Krok, 2018). Some research has suggested the importance of studying relevant dimensions of happiness, well-being and the meaning of life including age. In this context, a study is presented that aims to analyze the relationship between happiness/well-being and the meaning of life and age, analyzing how this can have an impact on people's lives. The study included 471 individual, 133 males, representing 28,2% of the total sample and 338 females, representing 71,8% of the total number of participants, aged between 18 and 86 years old. The data collected were collected through the following material: a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Positive Psychology Inventory (IPP) adapted for the Portuguese population by Ferreira et al. (2020) and the Meaning of Life Questionnaire (QVS) adapted for the Portuguese version by Portugal (2017). From the analysis of the collected results, it was observed that age is correlated with happiness in a positive and significant way, nothing that the older the age, the higher the levels of happiness and well-being. With regard to age and the meaning of life, it was found that there is a strong positive correlation between age and the meaning of life dimensions, since with advancing age people feel more satisfied with life. It is possible to conclude this study and highlights the importance of age in the happiness, well-being and meaning of life in each individual and this research can serve as a driver in order to deepen this theme and understand how events experienced in different age groups has an impact on the happiness, well-being and meaning of life and on the development of mental health of individuals.
Happiness has been discussed scientifically for some years now and can be characterized by a positive emotional state with feelings of well-being and pleasure and can be enhanced by accomplishing tasks and goals that are pleasant to accomplish, since the meaning attributed to life is in what for the individual has a meaning, a pleasurable reason for it (Csikszentmihalvi,1990 cited by Marques et al., 2021). In order to reinforce the attributes that characterize this theme, Martin Seligman developed the PERMA Model that has as its main objective the construction of well-being, as well as the three dimensions belonging to happiness: the meaningful life, the pleasant life and the engaged life (Ferreira et al., 2020; Seligman, 2011). The meaning of life emerges as an interest for Psychology through the understanding of what the meaning of life would be, in the course of knowledge and assumptions related to existentialism, being inserted in happiness and well-being, being composed of two fundamental perspectives: the presence of meaning of life and the search for meaning of life (Damásio, 2013; Kraus et al., 2008; Krok, 2018). Some research has suggested the importance of studying relevant dimensions of happiness, well-being and the meaning of life including age. In this context, a study is presented that aims to analyze the relationship between happiness/well-being and the meaning of life and age, analyzing how this can have an impact on people's lives. The study included 471 individual, 133 males, representing 28,2% of the total sample and 338 females, representing 71,8% of the total number of participants, aged between 18 and 86 years old. The data collected were collected through the following material: a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Positive Psychology Inventory (IPP) adapted for the Portuguese population by Ferreira et al. (2020) and the Meaning of Life Questionnaire (QVS) adapted for the Portuguese version by Portugal (2017). From the analysis of the collected results, it was observed that age is correlated with happiness in a positive and significant way, nothing that the older the age, the higher the levels of happiness and well-being. With regard to age and the meaning of life, it was found that there is a strong positive correlation between age and the meaning of life dimensions, since with advancing age people feel more satisfied with life. It is possible to conclude this study and highlights the importance of age in the happiness, well-being and meaning of life in each individual and this research can serve as a driver in order to deepen this theme and understand how events experienced in different age groups has an impact on the happiness, well-being and meaning of life and on the development of mental health of individuals.
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Keywords
Felicidade/bem-estar Sentido de vida Idade Modelo PERMA Happiness/well-being Meaning of life Age PERMA model