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O impacto do afeto positivo e negativo na cognição
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissertação_de_mestrado_39899 | 1.35 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre os afetos (positivos e negativos) e a neurocognição em participantes de diferentes faixas etárias. Para este propósito, 135 participantes foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a faixa etária: jovens adultos (n=45), meia-idade (n=49) e mais velhos (n=41). Os participantes foram avaliados através do Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) para detetar a presença de declínio cognitivo, os subtestes de vocabulário e compreensão da Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAISII) para avaliar as competências neurocognitivas integradas na inteligência cristalizada, o Teste de Inteligência Não-Verbal (TONI) e o Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) para avaliar as competências neurocognitivas integradas na inteligência fluida. O afeto foi avaliado através da Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Os resultados sugerem que o envelhecimento está associado a um declínio gradual nas funções cognitivas, especialmente nas que fazem parte da inteligência fluida, enquanto competências cristalizadas como a compreensão e o vocabulário permanecem relativamente preservadas pela idade. No entanto, embora se tenha observado uma correlação entre afeto positivo e algumas funções cognitivas — como a compreensão do grupo de meia-idade e a inteligência não verbal no grupo mais velho —, os dados não confirmaram consistentemente que o afeto positivo se correlaciona positivamente com a cognição. O afeto negativo, por outro lado, não mostrou uma relação significativa com as funções cognitivas. O estudo também apoiou o modelo bi-fatorial de afeto, que considera o afeto positivo e negativo como dimensões independentes da experiência emocional.
Investigações futuras devem investigar o efeito de outras variáveis na cognição, tais como o estilo de vida, variáveis socioeconómicas, perturbações psicológicas e predisposições genéticas. Também é essencial analisar o impacto da medicação, incluindo interações medicamentosas que possam afetar a cognição.
The present study aims to analyze the relationship between affects (positive and negative) and neurocognition in participants of different age groups. For this purpose, 135 participants were divided into three groups according to age: young adults (n=45), middle-aged adults (n=49), and older adults (n=41). Participants were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to detect the presence of cognitive decline, the vocabulary and comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAISII) to evaluate neurocognitive abilities integrated into crystallized intelligence, the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate neurocognitive abilities integrated into fluid intelligence. Affect was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The results suggest that aging is associated with a gradual decline in cognitive functions, especially those that are part of fluid intelligence, while crystallized abilities such as comprehension and vocabulary remain relatively preserved with age. However, although a correlation between positive affect and some cognitive functions was observed — such as comprehension in the middle-aged group and nonverbal intelligence in the older group — the data did not consistently confirm that positive affect correlates positively with cognition. Negative affect, on the other hand, did not show a significant relationship with cognitive functions. The study also supported the bifactorial model of affect, which considers positive and negative affect as independent dimensions of emotional experience. Future research should investigate the effect of other variables on cognition, such as lifestyle, socioeconomic variables, psychological disorders, and genetic predispositions. It is also essential to analyze the impact of medication, including drug interactions that may affect cognition.
The present study aims to analyze the relationship between affects (positive and negative) and neurocognition in participants of different age groups. For this purpose, 135 participants were divided into three groups according to age: young adults (n=45), middle-aged adults (n=49), and older adults (n=41). Participants were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to detect the presence of cognitive decline, the vocabulary and comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAISII) to evaluate neurocognitive abilities integrated into crystallized intelligence, the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate neurocognitive abilities integrated into fluid intelligence. Affect was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The results suggest that aging is associated with a gradual decline in cognitive functions, especially those that are part of fluid intelligence, while crystallized abilities such as comprehension and vocabulary remain relatively preserved with age. However, although a correlation between positive affect and some cognitive functions was observed — such as comprehension in the middle-aged group and nonverbal intelligence in the older group — the data did not consistently confirm that positive affect correlates positively with cognition. Negative affect, on the other hand, did not show a significant relationship with cognitive functions. The study also supported the bifactorial model of affect, which considers positive and negative affect as independent dimensions of emotional experience. Future research should investigate the effect of other variables on cognition, such as lifestyle, socioeconomic variables, psychological disorders, and genetic predispositions. It is also essential to analyze the impact of medication, including drug interactions that may affect cognition.
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Keywords
Afeto Cognição Inteligência fluida Inteligência cristalizada Envelhecimento Affect Cognition Fluid intelligence Crystallized intelligence Aging