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A influência da amamentação no desenvolvimento de classe II esquelética: estudo transversal
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Introdução: A amamentação é fundamental para a saúde e o desenvolvimento orofacial do recém-nascido, estimulando o crescimento equilibrado dos maxilares e padrões funcionais adequados. Contudo, a sua ausência ou limitação, tem sido associada a um aumento da má oclusão de Classe II esquelética, com impactos estéticos, funcionais e psicossociais.
Objetivo: Este estudo investiga a relação entre a ausência ou limitação da amamentação e o desenvolvimento de Classe II esquelética, avalia o conhecimento de mães e grávidas sobre este tema e explora fatores sociais que influenciam a prática, comparando os resultados com um estudo de 2015 para observar a evolução dos padrões de amamentação e suas consequências. Adicionalmente, pretende-se reforçar a importância da amamentação como fator protetor do desenvolvimento craniofacial equilibrado, promovendo uma abordagem preventiva na Medicina Dentária, sensibilizando os profissionais de saúde, mães e cuidadores para os benefícios ortodônticos e funcionais da amamentação, incentivando práticas que favoreçam um crescimento harmonioso e saudável das estruturas orofaciais.
Metodologia: Desenvolveu-se um estudo observacional transversal, aplicado a mães e grávidas (primíparas e multíparas) que frequentaram os serviços de Maternidade e Obstetrícia do Hospital CUF Porto. A amostra foi constituída por 139 participantes. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um inquérito estruturado e introduzidos em Excel e no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para análise estatística. Foi aplicado o teste do Qui-Quadrado.
Resultados: No presente estudo, a maternidade apresentou maior prevalência entre os 31–35 anos, faixa na qual a maioria das participantes já possuía um ou dois filhos. Das 139 inquiridas, 109 eram mães e 52 estavam grávidas, sendo 22 multíparas. Contrariamente ao esperado, as grávidas sem filhos demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre o tempo mínimo recomendado de amamentação exclusiva (87%) comparativamente às grávidas que já eram mães (59%). A maioria não relatou alterações ortodônticas nos filhos, embora uma proporção relevante tenha referido diagnóstico ou perceção de alterações na oclusão dentária, sugerindo maior atenção parental ao desenvolvimento orofacial e reforçando a importância de rastreios precoces.
Conclusão: Através de inquéritos aplicados num hospital privado do norte de Portugal, observou-se valorização geral da amamentação, mas lacunas de conhecimento sobre o impacto do biberão na oclusão e dificuldades na manutenção da prática, principalmente devido à hipogalactia. Comparando com estudos prévios, houve melhorias no acesso à informação e apoio institucional. Os resultados reforçam a importância da amamentação como medida preventiva no desenvolvimento orofacial, sublinhando a necessidade de integração entre saúde materno-infantil e medicina dentária e de estratégias educativas direcionadas.
Introduction: Breastfeeding is fundamental for the health and orofacial development of the newborn, stimulating balanced jaw growth and proper functional patterns. However, its absence or limitation has been associated with an increased prevalence of skeletal Class II malocclusion, with aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial impacts. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between the absence or limitation of breastfeeding and the development of skeletal Class II, evaluates mothers’ and pregnant women’s knowledge on this topic, and explores social factors influencing the practice, comparing the results with a 2015 study to observe changes in breastfeeding patterns and their consequences. Additionally, it aims to reinforce the importance of breastfeeding as a protective factor for balanced craniofacial development, promoting a preventive approach in Dental Medicine and raising awareness among health professionals, mothers, and caregivers about the orthodontic and functional benefits of breastfeeding, encouraging practices that support harmonious and healthy growth of orofacial structures. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, applied to mothers and pregnant women (primiparous and multiparous) attending the Maternity and Obstetrics services at Hospital CUF Porto. The sample consisted of 139 participants. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and entered into Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for statistical analysis. The Chi-Square test was applied. Results: In this study, motherhood was most prevalent among women aged 31–35, a range in which most participants already had one or two children. Of the 139 respondents, 109 were mothers and 52 were pregnant, with 22 being multiparous. Contrary to expectations, pregnant women without children demonstrated greater knowledge about the minimum recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding (87%) compared to pregnant women who were already mothers (59%). Most participants did not report orthodontic changes in their children, although a relevant proportion reported a diagnosis or perception of dental occlusion alterations, suggesting increased parental attention to orofacial development and highlighting the importance of early screenings. Conclusion: Through surveys conducted in a private hospital in northern Portugal, a general appreciation for breastfeeding was observed, but gaps in knowledge regarding the impact of bottle-feeding on occlusion and difficulties in maintaining the practice, mainly due to hypogalactia, were identified. Compared to previous studies, improvements in access to information and institutional support were noted. The results reinforce the importance of breastfeeding as a preventive measure in orofacial development, emphasizing the need for integration between maternal-infant health and dental medicine, as well as targeted educational strategies.
Introduction: Breastfeeding is fundamental for the health and orofacial development of the newborn, stimulating balanced jaw growth and proper functional patterns. However, its absence or limitation has been associated with an increased prevalence of skeletal Class II malocclusion, with aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial impacts. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between the absence or limitation of breastfeeding and the development of skeletal Class II, evaluates mothers’ and pregnant women’s knowledge on this topic, and explores social factors influencing the practice, comparing the results with a 2015 study to observe changes in breastfeeding patterns and their consequences. Additionally, it aims to reinforce the importance of breastfeeding as a protective factor for balanced craniofacial development, promoting a preventive approach in Dental Medicine and raising awareness among health professionals, mothers, and caregivers about the orthodontic and functional benefits of breastfeeding, encouraging practices that support harmonious and healthy growth of orofacial structures. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, applied to mothers and pregnant women (primiparous and multiparous) attending the Maternity and Obstetrics services at Hospital CUF Porto. The sample consisted of 139 participants. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and entered into Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for statistical analysis. The Chi-Square test was applied. Results: In this study, motherhood was most prevalent among women aged 31–35, a range in which most participants already had one or two children. Of the 139 respondents, 109 were mothers and 52 were pregnant, with 22 being multiparous. Contrary to expectations, pregnant women without children demonstrated greater knowledge about the minimum recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding (87%) compared to pregnant women who were already mothers (59%). Most participants did not report orthodontic changes in their children, although a relevant proportion reported a diagnosis or perception of dental occlusion alterations, suggesting increased parental attention to orofacial development and highlighting the importance of early screenings. Conclusion: Through surveys conducted in a private hospital in northern Portugal, a general appreciation for breastfeeding was observed, but gaps in knowledge regarding the impact of bottle-feeding on occlusion and difficulties in maintaining the practice, mainly due to hypogalactia, were identified. Compared to previous studies, improvements in access to information and institutional support were noted. The results reinforce the importance of breastfeeding as a preventive measure in orofacial development, emphasizing the need for integration between maternal-infant health and dental medicine, as well as targeted educational strategies.
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Amamentação Má-oclusão de classe II esquelética Desenvolvimento craniofacial Saúde oral Inquéritos Mães Breast feeding Class II malocclusion Craniofacial development Oral health Surveys Mothers