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Osteopenia e osteoporose: factores modificáveis e não modificáveis
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A osteopenia e a osteoporose são consideradas patologias intimamente semelhantes, precursoras e assintomáticas que resultam de uma perda gradual excessiva e degenerativa da densidade mineral óssea. Actualmente estas síndromes constituem um grave problema de Saúde Pública, particularmente junto da população idosa, e estão associadas a elevados custos sócio-económicos, elevadas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade, como resultado da sua principal manifestação clínica as fracturas osteoporóticas.
Este trabalho evidenciou a relação entre os diversos factores de risco não modificáveis, modificáveis e as causas que futuramente levam a um aumento da probabilidade de ocorrência de osteopenia e OP. Entre estes múltiplos factores destacam-se a idade, o sexo, a raça, a predisposição genética, a menopausa, a ocorrência de quedas, o tratamento crónico com corticoides, o sedentarismo, o tabagismo, o consumo excessivo de álcool e o défice de cálcio e vitamina D.
O presente estudo pretendeu averiguar através de um questionário, a existência dos factores de risco supra-citados, numa amostra que envolveu 120 voluntários (80 mulheres e 40 homens), com idades compreendidas entre os 33 e os 84 anos e com uma média de idades de 55 ± 10,6 anos. Perante os resultados obtidos verificou-se que relativamente ao histórico clínico, 24,2% da população apresentou antecedentes familiares de osteoporose, 21,7% já tinha sofrido fracturas ósseas e 20% efectuava tratamento crónico com corticóides. Quanto aos parâmetros questionados no estilo de vida verificou-se que o grupo dos homens foi a que obteve valores superiores no que diz respeito ao consumo de álcool, hábitos tabágicos, sedentarismo e inadequada exposição solar. Por ultimo, quanto aos hábitos alimentares constatou-se que 92,50% da população consumia alimentos ricos em cálcio, apenas 25,8% tomava suplementos de cálcio e 71,7% consumia alimentos e suplementos ricos em vitamina D.
Desta forma, e devido ao forte impacto sobre a Saúde Pública é altamente desejável que as autoridades de saúde promovam o rastreio e a prevenção da osteopenia e osteoporose.
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are closely, asymptomatic and precursor diseases that result from a high, gradual and degenerative loss of bone mineral density. Nowadays these syndromes represent a serious public health problem, particularly among elderly people, and are associated to high socio-economic costs, high rates of morbidity and mortality as a result of its major clinical manifestation the osteoporotic fractures. This work showed the relationship between the various non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors and the causes that eventually lead to an increased likelihood of osteopenia and OP. Among these multiple factors are the age, sex, race, genetic predisposition, menopause, the occurrence of falls, chronic treatment with corticosteroids, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and deficit of calcium and vitamin D. The present study tried to determine through a questionnaire the existence of risk factors above-mentioned, in a sample that involved 120 volunteers (80 women and 40 men) aged between 33 and 84 years with a mean age of 55 ± 10.6 years. In what concerns to the clinical history these results found that 24.2% had a family history of osteoporosis, 21.7% had already suffered fragility fractures and 20% do chronic corticosteroid therapy. Relatively to the lifestyle habits the results showed that men had bad habits because they had higher values of alcohol and tobacco consumption, sedentary and inadequate sun exposure. Finally, in what concerns to the eating habits the study found that 92.50% of the population consume food rich in calcium, only 25,8% do supplementation with calcium and 71.7% consume food and supplements rich in vitamin D. Therefore and because of strong impact that osteopenia and osteoporosis cause on Public Health its essential that health authorities promote screening and prevention of this pathologies.
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are closely, asymptomatic and precursor diseases that result from a high, gradual and degenerative loss of bone mineral density. Nowadays these syndromes represent a serious public health problem, particularly among elderly people, and are associated to high socio-economic costs, high rates of morbidity and mortality as a result of its major clinical manifestation the osteoporotic fractures. This work showed the relationship between the various non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors and the causes that eventually lead to an increased likelihood of osteopenia and OP. Among these multiple factors are the age, sex, race, genetic predisposition, menopause, the occurrence of falls, chronic treatment with corticosteroids, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and deficit of calcium and vitamin D. The present study tried to determine through a questionnaire the existence of risk factors above-mentioned, in a sample that involved 120 volunteers (80 women and 40 men) aged between 33 and 84 years with a mean age of 55 ± 10.6 years. In what concerns to the clinical history these results found that 24.2% had a family history of osteoporosis, 21.7% had already suffered fragility fractures and 20% do chronic corticosteroid therapy. Relatively to the lifestyle habits the results showed that men had bad habits because they had higher values of alcohol and tobacco consumption, sedentary and inadequate sun exposure. Finally, in what concerns to the eating habits the study found that 92.50% of the population consume food rich in calcium, only 25,8% do supplementation with calcium and 71.7% consume food and supplements rich in vitamin D. Therefore and because of strong impact that osteopenia and osteoporosis cause on Public Health its essential that health authorities promote screening and prevention of this pathologies.
Description
Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
Keywords
Osteoporose Osteopenia Remodelação óssea Factores de risco DXA Prevenção Cálcio e vitamina D Osteopenia Osteoporosis Bone remodeling Risk factors Prevention Calcium and vitamin D