Loading...
Publication
Satisfação com a imagem corporal e a sua associação com o consumo alimentar e a ingestão nutricional em adultos jovens
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC_31056 | 592.94 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A insatisfação com a imagem corporal parece ser cada vez mais comum, uma vez que a aparência física e o atingimento de determinados ideais de beleza têm assumido um papel de destaque na sociedade moderna. Esta insatisfação pode estar associada à adoção de diferentes hábitos alimentares. Na literatura, os estudos que exploram a associação entre a perceção da imagem corporal e os hábitos alimentares são escassos e focam-se em grupos específicos de indivíduos, tais como estudantes universitários, mulheres e adolescentes. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em avaliar a associação entre a satisfação com a imagem corporal e o consumo alimentar e a ingestão nutricional em jovens adultos portugueses de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Participaram neste estudo 111 jovens adultos, dos 18 aos 35 anos, selecionados com base num método de amostragem por conveniência. A informação foi recolhida por auto-declaração, com base em questionários estruturados. A perceção da imagem corporal foi avaliada através da Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard et al. e categorizada em satisfação, insatisfação por défice (diferença negativa entre a imagem corporal real e a desejada) e insatisfação por excesso (diferença positiva entre a imagem corporal real e a desejada), representando, respetivamente, o desejo de aumentar e diminuir o tamanho corporal. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar previamente validado. As associações foram avaliadas por regressão linear (coeficientes β̂ e respetivos intervalos de confiança a 95% - IC95%), após ajuste para a idade, escolaridade e exercício físico dos participantes e após estratificação por sexo. Resultados: As mulheres mostraram-se mais insatisfeitas com a sua imagem corporal do que os homens (66,7% vs. 58,3%, p=0,392). Enquanto a insatisfação por excesso foi mais prevalente nas mulheres (57,3% vs. 30,6%, p=0,009), a insatisfação por défice foi mais reportada pelos homens (27,8% vs. 9,3%, p=0,009). Os homens insatisfeitos por défice (desejo de aumentar o tamanho corporal) apresentaram consumos mais elevados de pescado (β̂=181,0, IC95%: 38,3; 323,6), ovos (β̂=23,1, IC95%: 2,9; 43,2), fruta (β̂=191,3, IC95%: 90,0; 292,5) e hortícolas (β̂=221,6, IC95%: 99,7; 343,4), o que se traduziu em ingestões significativamente superiores de energia, macronutrientes, fibra alimentar, vitamina B12, vitamina C, cálcio, magnésio, potássio e sódio, quando comparados com os satisfeitos com a sua imagem corporal. Nas mulheres, não se encontraram diferenças significativas no consumo alimentar e na ingestão energética e nutricional entre as diferentes classes de (in)satisfação com a imagem corporal. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes (adultos jovens) encontra-se insatisfeito com a sua imagem corporal, sendo que quase 30% dos homens manifestou o desejo de aumentar o seu tamanho corporal e, por conseguinte, consumos alimentares e nutricionais que se coadunam com este desejo. Futuramente, estudos longitudinais com tamanhos amostrais mais robustos e em amostras representativas de segmentos da população devem ser realizados de modo a clarificar melhor a direção e magnitude destas associações.
Introduction: Body image dissatisfaction seems to be increasingly more common, as physical appearance and the attainment of certain ideals of beauty have assumed a prominent role in modern society. This dissatisfaction could be associated with different eating habits. Studies that explore the association between body image perception and eating habits are scarce and focused in specific groups, such as students, women and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between body image satisfaction and food and nutritional intake in Portuguese young adults, from both sexes. Methods: A total of 111 young adults, aged 18 to 35 years, were selected through convenience sampling. Data was self-reported based on structured questionnaires. Body image perception was assessed using the Figure Rating Scale developed by Stunkard et al. and categorized into satisfaction, dissatisfaction by deficit (negative difference between actual and desired body image) and dissatisfaction by excess (positive difference between actual and desired body image), representing, respectively, the desire to increase and decrease body size. Dietary intake was estimated by a Food Frequency Questionnaire, previously validated. Associations were assessed through linear regression (β̂ coefficients and the respective 95% confidence intervals – 95%CI), after adjustment for age, education and physical exercise of participants, and sex stratification. Results: Women were more dissatisfied with their body image than men (66.7% vs. 58.3%, p=0.392). While women were more dissatisfaction by excess (57.3% vs. 30.6%, p=0.009), men were more dissatisfied by deficit (27.8% vs. 9.3%, p=0,009). Men dissatisfied by deficit (desire of increasing body size) showed higher consumption of fish and seafood (β̂=181.0, 95%CI: 38.3; 323.6), eggs (β̂=23.1, 95%CI: 2.9; 43.2), fruit (β̂=191.3, 95%CI: 90.0; 292.5) and vegetables (β̂=221.6, 95%CI: 99.7; 343.4), which led to significantly higher intakes of energy, macronutrients, dietary fiber, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, when compared to men satisfied with their body image. In women, there were no significant differences in dietary intake between the different categories of body image (dis)satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of participants (young adults) are dissatisfied with their body image, with almost 30% of men expressing a desire to increase their body size, and consequently, food and nutritional intakes that are in line with this desire. In the future, longitudinal studies with bigger sample sizes, representative of target population groups, should be conducted in order to better clarify the direction and magnitude of these associations.
Introduction: Body image dissatisfaction seems to be increasingly more common, as physical appearance and the attainment of certain ideals of beauty have assumed a prominent role in modern society. This dissatisfaction could be associated with different eating habits. Studies that explore the association between body image perception and eating habits are scarce and focused in specific groups, such as students, women and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between body image satisfaction and food and nutritional intake in Portuguese young adults, from both sexes. Methods: A total of 111 young adults, aged 18 to 35 years, were selected through convenience sampling. Data was self-reported based on structured questionnaires. Body image perception was assessed using the Figure Rating Scale developed by Stunkard et al. and categorized into satisfaction, dissatisfaction by deficit (negative difference between actual and desired body image) and dissatisfaction by excess (positive difference between actual and desired body image), representing, respectively, the desire to increase and decrease body size. Dietary intake was estimated by a Food Frequency Questionnaire, previously validated. Associations were assessed through linear regression (β̂ coefficients and the respective 95% confidence intervals – 95%CI), after adjustment for age, education and physical exercise of participants, and sex stratification. Results: Women were more dissatisfied with their body image than men (66.7% vs. 58.3%, p=0.392). While women were more dissatisfaction by excess (57.3% vs. 30.6%, p=0.009), men were more dissatisfied by deficit (27.8% vs. 9.3%, p=0,009). Men dissatisfied by deficit (desire of increasing body size) showed higher consumption of fish and seafood (β̂=181.0, 95%CI: 38.3; 323.6), eggs (β̂=23.1, 95%CI: 2.9; 43.2), fruit (β̂=191.3, 95%CI: 90.0; 292.5) and vegetables (β̂=221.6, 95%CI: 99.7; 343.4), which led to significantly higher intakes of energy, macronutrients, dietary fiber, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, when compared to men satisfied with their body image. In women, there were no significant differences in dietary intake between the different categories of body image (dis)satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of participants (young adults) are dissatisfied with their body image, with almost 30% of men expressing a desire to increase their body size, and consequently, food and nutritional intakes that are in line with this desire. In the future, longitudinal studies with bigger sample sizes, representative of target population groups, should be conducted in order to better clarify the direction and magnitude of these associations.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Imagem corporal Consumo alimentar Ingestão nutricional Hábitos alimentares Adultos jovens Body image Food consumption Nutrient intake Eating habits Young adults