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Infeções do trato urinário adquiridas na comunidade avaliadas numa unidade hospitalar do norte de Portugal: etiologia e resistência antimicrobiana
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A infeção do trato urinário é uma das doenças infeciosas mais comuns no ser humano. O constante aumento das resistências dos microrganismos aos antibióticos torna imprescindível a identificação do agente etiológico e da respetiva suscetibilidade antimicrobiana, de modo a que a terapêutica possa ser eficaz, num menor espaço de tempo possível. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a prevalência e o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antibióticos dos microrganismos implicados em infeções urinárias diagnosticadas em utentes que recorreram ao Serviço de Urgência do Hospital-Escola da Universidade Fernando Pessoa.
Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo retrospetivo observacional, foram analisadas 417 uroculturas positivas, no período de um ano. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial para determinar a prevalência e a sensibilidade aos antibióticos dos microrganismos.
Resultados: Das uroculturas positivas, 76% pertenciam a indivíduos do sexo feminino, maioritariamente entre os 21-60 anos e 24% pertenciam a indivíduos do sexo masculino, com maior prevalência entre os 61-80 anos. Os microrganismos encontrados com maior frequência foram Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus e Proteus mirabilis. 43,9% dos microrganismos isolados eram sensíveis a todos os antibióticos testados. 34,2% das estirpes de E. coli revelaram-se resistentes à amoxicilina, 100% das estirpes de K. pneumoniae foram resistentes à amoxicilina e 100% das estirpes de P. mirabilis eram resistentes à nitrofurantoína. Quanto aos antibióticos administrados aos pacientes com ITU, verificou-se que as opções mais utilizadas foram a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, a fosfomicina e a ciprofloxacina.
Conclusões: Salienta-se a importância do conhecimento dos agentes etiológicos e do seu perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos, de modo a otimizar a terapêutica empírica das ITUs e evitar recidivas.
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. The constant increase in the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics makes it essential to identify the etiological agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility, so that the therapy can be effective in the shortest possible time. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of microorganisms involved in urinary infections diagnosed in patients who went to the Emergency Department of the Hospital-Escola of Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 417 positive urine cultures were analyzed over a period of one year. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the prevalence and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Results: Of the positive urine cultures, 76% belonged to female individuals, mostly between 21-60 years old and 24% belonged to male individuals, with a higher prevalence between 61-80 years old. The most frequently found microorganisms were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis. 43.9% of the microorganisms isolated were sensitive to all antibiotics tested. 34.2% of the E. coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin, 100% of the K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to amoxicillin and 100% of the P. mirabilis strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin. As for the antibiotics administered to patients with UTI, it was found that the most used options were amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: It is important to know the etiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity profile, in order to optimize the empirical therapy of UTIs and avoid recurrences.
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. The constant increase in the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics makes it essential to identify the etiological agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility, so that the therapy can be effective in the shortest possible time. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of microorganisms involved in urinary infections diagnosed in patients who went to the Emergency Department of the Hospital-Escola of Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 417 positive urine cultures were analyzed over a period of one year. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the prevalence and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Results: Of the positive urine cultures, 76% belonged to female individuals, mostly between 21-60 years old and 24% belonged to male individuals, with a higher prevalence between 61-80 years old. The most frequently found microorganisms were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis. 43.9% of the microorganisms isolated were sensitive to all antibiotics tested. 34.2% of the E. coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin, 100% of the K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to amoxicillin and 100% of the P. mirabilis strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin. As for the antibiotics administered to patients with UTI, it was found that the most used options were amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: It is important to know the etiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity profile, in order to optimize the empirical therapy of UTIs and avoid recurrences.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Análises Clínicas e Saúde Pública
Keywords
Infeção urinária Antibioterapia Resistência aos antibióticos Urinary tract infection Antibiotic therapy Antibiotics resistance